Fruit Composition of `Arapaho' Blackberry Following Nitrogen Fertilization

An investigation was conducted over 2 years to evaluate the effect of N rate and time of application on fruit composition of `Arapaho' thornless erect blackberry (Rubus L., subgenus Eubatus). N from ammonium nitrate was applied at 56 or 112 kg·ha-1 in single applications, or at 112 kg·ha-1 as a split application with 0 kg·ha-1 as the control. Increasing N rates increased fruit N and pH but did not affect soluble solids concentration, titratable acidity, sugar-acid ratio, and total solids. Timing of N application had no effect on the fruit characteristics measured.

Download Full-text

EcoLyst Application Timing and Juice Corrected Soluble Solids (Brix) of Processing Oranges and Grapefruit in Florida

HortTechnology ◽

10.21273/horttech.14.2.0207 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 207-212 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Frederick S. Davies ◽

Glenn R. Zalman ◽

Ed Stover ◽

Scott Ciliento

Keyword(s):

Fruit Set ◽

Sweet Orange ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Application Timing ◽

Time Of Application ◽

Solids Concentration ◽

Best Response ◽

Florida Citrus ◽

Soluble Solids Concentration

EcoLyst, a formulation of N-N-diethyl-2-(4-methylbenzyloxy) ethylamine hydrochloride containing 1 g/floz [4.5 oz/gal (33.8 g·L-1)] a.i., is a plant growth regulator that has been reported to increase soluble solids concentration (SSC) in juice oranges by 0.6% to 1.2%. Our objectives were to determine the effectiveness of EcoLyst application for increasing SSC in Florida oranges (Citrus sinensis) and grapefruit (C. paradisi), and to identify the optimum rate and time of application. Experiments were conducted for three seasons using `Hamlin,' `Pineapple,' and `Valencia' sweet oranges; and for two seasons using `Flame,' `Marsh,' and `Ray Ruby' grapefruit, all in commercial groves. EcoLyst was applied at 6 and 12 floz/acre (0.44 and 0.88 L·ha-1) for oranges and 16 and 32 ppm (mg·L-1) [effectively 9 and 18 floz/acre (0.66 and 1.32 L·ha-1) in most sprays] for grapefruit, and included Silwet L-77 adjuvant at 0.05%. Applications were made at several stages of development from prebloom to initial fruit set. In all cases, SSC was determined as juice corrected SSC, by adjusting refractometer readings based on titratable acidity. In 13 trials with sweet orange only five displayed significant increases in SSC (P ≤ 0.05) resulting from EcoLyst application. Two additional trials produced SSC increases significant at P < 0.10. Even where significant increases in SSC occurred they were typically observed in only one harvest and at one time of application and were always relatively low in magnitude (highest increase over controls was 0.38%). No rate or timing of EcoLyst application was consistently associated with best response, although eight of nine SSC increases observed in orange occurred with applications ranging from prebloom to 25% open flowers. Only one significant increase in SSC was observed in five trials with grapefruit. In these studies, increases in SSC resulting from EcoLyst application were neither sufficiently consistent nor large enough to justify a recommendation for commercial use in Florida citrus.

Download Full-text

Field Performance of June Yellows-affected Clones of `Blomidon' Strawberry

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.31.5.848 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 31 (5) ◽

pp. 848-850

Author(s):

Andrew R. Jamieson ◽

Katherine A. Sanford

Keyword(s):

Field Performance ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Fruit Characteristics ◽

Selfed Progeny ◽

Additional Measure ◽

Solids Concentration ◽

Normal Green ◽

Field Plots ◽

Soluble Solids Concentration

Clones of `Blomidon' strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) exhibiting a range of June yellows symptoms were grown in field plots to measure effects on productivity and fruit characteristics. Self-pollinated seedlings grown from these clones were evaluated for symptom expression as an additional measure of severity of June yellows. Large differences in yields were recorded among clones, ranging from 1.9 to 14.7 t·ha–1 in 1994 and 8.4 to 28.3 t·ha–1 in 1995. Clones with severe symptoms produced smaller fruit than clones with slight symptoms in 1994 but not in 1995. Small differences existed for the titratable acidity of the fruit but not for soluble solids concentration. The frequency of normal green seedlings among selfed progeny ranged from 48% to 98% and was negatively correlated with symptom severity ratings of the parent clones. Severity ratings and selfed seedling abnormality rates were good predictors of fruit yield. No clones of `Blomidon' were free of June yellows.

Download Full-text

Interaction of Crop Level and Fruit Cluster Exposure on `Seyval Blanc' Fruit Composition

Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science ◽

10.21273/jashs.123.5.755 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 123 (5) ◽

pp. 755-761 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ann K. Hummell ◽

David C. Ferree

Keyword(s):

Tartaric Acid ◽

Malic Acid ◽

Light Exposure ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Cluster Number ◽

Fruit Composition ◽

Solids Concentration ◽

Hue Angle ◽

Soluble Solids Concentration

`Seyval blanc' grapevines (Vitis spp.) were cluster thinned 7 days after full bloom to 20, 40, and 80 clusters per vine to create light, moderate, and heavy crop levels. Vines were also shoot positioned at veraison to create exposed, partially shaded, and densely shaded cluster microclimates to examine the interactions between crop level and light exposure on fruit composition during stage III of berry development. Clusters were harvested using one of two criteria: on the same date or at similar soluble solids concentrations. Cluster mass and berries per cluster decreased with increasing crop level regardless of harvesting criterion. When harvested on the same date, soluble solids concentration, pH and malic acid concentration of juice decreased with increasing crop level. When harvested at similar soluble solids concentrations, increasing crop level delayed harvest and reduced titratable acidity (TA), tartaric acid, and malic acid. As cluster light exposure increased, soluble solids and pH increased and TA and malic acid decreased when clusters were harvested on the same date. When harvested at similar soluble solids concentration, increasing light exposure advanced harvest date and pH, TA, tartaric acid, and malic acid decreased. If clusters were harvested on the same date, significant interactions were found between crop level and light exposure for soluble solids concentration and the hue angle of berries. Significant interactions were found for berry mass, pH, TA, and tartaric acid when clusters were harvested at similar soluble solids. When harvested on the same date in 1995, soluble solids concentration of densely shaded clusters declined as crop level increased, whereas the soluble solids of exposed and partially shaded clusters declined as cluster number increased from 20 to 40 clusters per vine but remained constant from 40 to 80 clusters. In 1995, the hue angles of exposed clusters decreased with increasing crop level, while those of partially shaded and densely shaded clusters increased. When harvested at similar soluble solids concentration, berry mass of exposed and partially shaded clusters was similar across crop levels, whereas berry mass of densely shaded clusters declined as crop levels increased. Based on contribution to treatment error, crop level influenced pH more, and TA less, than did light exposure if harvested at the same date. Conversely, crop level influenced TA more, and pH less, than did light exposure if harvest was done at similar soluble solids concentrations. Regardless of harvest criterion, crop level influenced yield components, and soluble solids concentration to a greater extent and hue angle to a lesser extent than did light exposure.

Download Full-text

High Carbon Dioxide Atmospheres Affect Stored 'Thompson Seedless' Table Grapes

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.37.7.1074 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 37 (7) ◽

pp. 1074-1078 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Carlos H. Crisosto ◽

David Garner ◽

Gayle Crisosto

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

High Carbon ◽

Thompson Seedless ◽

Table Grapes ◽

Solids Concentration ◽

Acid Ratio ◽

High Carbon Dioxide ◽

Soluble Solids Concentration

Efficacy of controlled atmosphere (CA) conditions for decay control in 'Thompson Seedless' table grapes was evaluated during the 1998-2000 seasons. During the 1998 season, early (16.5% soluble solids concentration = SSC) and late harvested (19% SSC) grapes were exposed to 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, or 25% CO2 combined with 3%, 6%, and 12% O2. In 1999 and 2000, 10% or 15% CO2 combined with 3%, 6%, or 12% O2 were used. In all trials, fruit were initially SO2 fumigated and air-stored grapes were used as controls. Storage atmospheres did not affect SSC, titratable acidity (TA), or sugar-to-acid ratio (SSC: TA). The main storage limitations for early harvested 'Thompson Seedless' table grapes were “off flavor” and rachis and berry browning development, which resulted from exposure to >10% CO2. However, ≥15% CO2 was needed to control total decay and nesting development independent of O2 concentrations. High carbon dioxide atmospheres (15% to 25%) were more effective in decay control without detrimental effects on quality when late harvested grapes were used. The combination of 15% CO2 with 3%, 6%, or 12% O2 is suggested for up to 3 months storage only for late harvested 'Thompson Seedless' table grapes; it should not be used for early harvested grapes.

Download Full-text

Prestorage Heat Treatment as a Means of Improving Poststorage Quality of Apples

Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science ◽

10.21273/jashs.115.2.265 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 115 (2) ◽

pp. 265-269 ◽

Cited By ~ 70

Author(s):

Joshua D. Klein ◽

Susan Lurie

Keyword(s):

Heat Treatment ◽

Ethylene Production ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Optimum Temperature ◽

Major Benefit ◽

Solids Concentration ◽

And Storage ◽

Soluble Solids Concentration

The benefits conferred by a prestorage heat treatment on poststorage quality of apples (Malus domestics Borkh.) were measured on `Anna', a non-storing early cultivar, and `Granny Smith', a long-storing late cultivar. The major benefit was a decrease in rate of apple softening, both during OC storage and during simulated shelf life at 20C. Soluble solids concentration was not affected by heat treatment, but titratable acidity was reduced. Ethylene production after heat treatment and storage was similar to or higher than that of control apples, but respiration was lower. The optimum temperature and time combination for prestorage treatment of both cultivars was 4 days at 38C.

Download Full-text

Effect of rate and timing of indaziflam on ‘Sunbelt’ and muscadine grape

Weed Technology ◽

10.1017/wet.2018.117 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 33 (2) ◽

pp. 380-385

Author(s):

Nicholas T. Basinger ◽

Katherine M. Jennings ◽

David W. Monks ◽

Wayne E. Mitchem

Keyword(s):

Weed Management ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Single Application ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Southern Us ◽

Solids Concentration ◽

Herbicide Treatments ◽

Muscadine Grape ◽

Soluble Solids Concentration

AbstractStudies were conducted at six locations across North Carolina to determine tolerance of ‘Sunbelt’ grape (bunch grape) and muscadine grape (‘Carlos’, ‘Triumph’, ‘Summit’) to indaziflam herbicide. Treatments included indaziflam (0, 50, 73 g ai ha–1) or flumioxazin (213 g ai ha–1) applied alone in April, and sequential applications of indaziflam (36, 50, 73 g ai ha–1) or flumioxazin (213 g ai ha–1) applied in April followed by the same rate applied in June. No crop injury was observed across locations. Muscadine yield was not affected by herbicide treatments. Yield of ‘Sunbelt’ grape increased with sequential applications of indaziflam at 73 g ha–1 when compared to a single application of indaziflam at 50 g ha–1 or flumioxazin at 213 g ha–1 in 2015. Sequential applications of flumioxazin at 213 g ha–1 reduced ‘Sunbelt’ yield compared to a single application of indaziflam at 73 g ha–1 in 2016. Trunk cross-sectional area was unaffected by herbicide treatments. Fruit quality (soluble solids concentration, titratable acidity, and pH) for muscadine and bunch grape was not affected by herbicide treatments. Indaziflam was safe to use at registered rates and could be integrated into weed management programs for southern US vineyards.

Download Full-text

Effect of Polyolefin Film on the Quality of Kiwifruit with 1-MCP Treatment in Modified Atmosphere Packages

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.236-238.2769 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 236-238 ◽

pp. 2769-2772 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Xi Hong Li ◽

Cheng Jun Wang ◽

Ai Li Wang ◽

Yao Xiao ◽

Yao Tang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ascorbic Acid ◽

Ascorbic Acid Content ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Modified Atmosphere ◽

Flesh Firmness ◽

Solids Concentration ◽

And Control ◽

Soluble Solids Concentration

Kiwifruit is very perishable especially at 20 °C. The quality of kiwifruit with 1-MCP treatment stored at 20 °C in modified packages was investigated. Three different polyolefin films, including 0.03mm thickness polyethylene (PE), 0.03mm and 0.05mm thickness poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC) films, were used as packaging films. Kiwifruit were fumigated with 1-MCP to delay ripeness and then packaged with the three films and control (air). O2 and CO2 concentrations in the packages, flesh firmness, soluble solids concentration (SSC), titratable acidity (TA) and ascorbic acid were measured. MAP treatments could postpone the increase of TTS, inhibit the reduction of TA, and avoid the decrease of flesh firmness. Kiwifruit packaged in 0.05mm PVC obtained 33% TA more than control fruit and approximate 25 % retention of initial firmness. However, MAP didn’t maintain more ascorbic acid content of kiwifruit. In conclusion, MAP using polyolefin films combination 1-MCP treatment, especially 0.05mm PVC, might be more effective for preserving the quality of kiwifruit.

Download Full-text

STORAGE LIFE AND QUALITY OF BLACKBERRY FRUIT WHEN HELD AT TEMPERATURES GREATER THAN 1C

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.29.7.737f ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 29 (7) ◽

pp. 737f-737

Author(s):

P. Perkins-Veazie ◽

J.K. Collins ◽

J.R. Clark

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Temperature Effects ◽

Storage Temperature ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

Storage Life ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Anthocyanin Content ◽

Solids Concentration ◽

Soluble Solids Concentration

The storage life of blackberry fruit is generally `2 to 3 days when stored at 1C. This study was done to determine the maximum storage life among erect blackberry cultivars, and to determine storage temperature effects on storage life. Shiny black fruit from `Navaho', `Arapaho', and `Shawnee' cultivars were stored at 2C, 5C, or 10C for 20, 14, and 7 days, respectively. At any temperature. only 10-20% of `Navaho' fruit had decay, while 30-50% of `Arapaho' and 40-70% of `Shawnee' fruit had decay. Weight loss was 3-5% depending on temperature and was not different among cultivars. Soluble solids concentration did not change during storage but titratable acidity decreased in all cultivars for fruit held at all temperatures. Anthocyanin content increased during storage in `Shawnee' and `Navaho' but not in `Arapaho' fruit. Results indicate that `Navaho' fruit have a longer shelflife than other blackberry cultivars.

Download Full-text

QUALITY EVALUATION OF CANTALOUPES FROM AHPID-INFESTED PLANTS

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.27.6.652b ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 27 (6) ◽

pp. 652b-652

Author(s):

P.M. Perkins-Veazie ◽

J.K. Collins ◽

N. Maness ◽

B. Cartwright

Keyword(s):

Fruit Quality ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Flesh Quality ◽

Solids Concentration ◽

Melon Aphid ◽

Soluble Solids Concentration ◽

Aphid Populations

High populations of melon aphid (aphis gossypii) reduce cantaloupe plant growth and yield; effects on subsequent fruit quality are unknown. The purpose of this study was to evaluate fruit quality from plants with high and low aphid populations. Up to 50% of melons from plants having high aphid populations were unmarketable due to surface sooty mold. Melons from plants with high or low aphid populations, but not cultivars, were similar in flesh quality. The internal color of `Perlita' and `Sweet Surprise' was a more yellow hue while that of `TAM Uvalde' was more orange. `Sweet Surprise' melons were lower in percent soluble solids concentration and titratable acidity, but were higher in mg fructose/ml juice compared to the other cultivars. A trained taste panel of 30 people evaluated melons from 2 cultivars showing little damage from melon aphid infestations and from 2 cultivars exhibiting high damage. All melons had similar taste qualities with acceptable sweetness, flavor, odor and texture. These results show that high aphid populations deleteriously affect cosmetic appearance, but not flesh quality, of melons.

Download Full-text

The Effect of Timing of the Final Seasonal Nitrogen Fertigation on Early Fruit Maturity, Fruit Diameter, and Leaf Nitrogen on Navel Oranges

HortTechnology ◽

10.21273/horttech.9.1.51 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 51-53 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Craig Kallsen

Keyword(s):

Irrigation System ◽

Fruit Size ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

Leaf Nitrogen ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Calcium Ammonium Nitrate ◽

Solids Concentration ◽

Fruit Maturity ◽

Fruit Diameter ◽

Soluble Solids Concentration

Previous research has shown that nitrogen fertilization rates may influence fruit quality characteristics of navel oranges [(Citrus sinensis) (L.) Osbeck]. The objective of this study was to determine, for equal seasonal N applications, if the timing of the last seasonal nitrogen fertigation promotes early fruit maturity or affects fruit size. The study consisted of four treatments with the total seasonal allocation of nitrogen fertilizer applied by ≈1 May, 1 June, 1 July, and 1 Aug. in an experimental site in a commercial orange grove in the southern San Joaquin Valley of California. The source of nitrogen was a liquid calcium ammonium nitrate injected through the irrigation system. No significant treatment differences in soluble solids concentration, titratable acidity, the ratio of soluble solids concentration to titratable acidity, percent juice, fruit color and fruit diameter were detected in fruit sampled in October. Similarly, in September, no significant differences in leaf nitrogen were found among treatments. These results do not support the hypothesis that applying the total seasonal application of nitrogen early in the season results in earlier orange maturity or larger fruit size, at least not for trees that have leaf N in the optimum range.

Download Full-text