scholarly journals In Vitro Regeneration of Buffalograss [Buchloe dactyloides (Nutt.) Engelm] through Immature Inflorescence Culture

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 521C-521
Author(s):  
Shuizhang Fei ◽  
Paul E. Read ◽  
Terrance P. Riordan
Keyword(s):  
Embryogenic Callus ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
In Vitro Regeneration ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Good Choice ◽  
Seasonal Effect ◽  
Genotypic Effect ◽  
Immature Inflorescence ◽  
Callus Production

Buffalograss is native to the Great Plains of North America. Its excellent drought resistance and low growth habit make it a good choice for a low-maintenance turf. A reproducible and efficient regeneration protocol of buffalograss is critical for further genetic transformation. By using immature inflorescences as explants, we have achieved the regeneration of buffalograss of two female clones, `315' and `609', a male clone, NE 84-45-3, and a synthetic cultivar, `Texoka'. Somatic embryogenesis was observed. The medium used for callus initiation was MS basal medium supplemented with various concentrations of 2,4-D and BA. After 4 weeks of dark culture, calli with nodular structures were transferred to the same basal medium supplemented with BA and either a reduced rate of 2,4-D or no 2,4-D. It was demonstrated that 2,4-D at 2 or 3 mg/L is optimal for embryogenic callus production. The presence of BA from 0.1 mg/L to 0.5 mg/L was required for the regeneration of `315', `609', and NE 84-45-3. For `Texoka', 2,4-D at 0.5 mg/L with BA at 0.3 mg/L in the regeneration medium favored normal development of somatic embryos that were capable of germination. A genotypic effect was observed with regard to embryogenic callus production; explants of the male genotype NE 84-45-3 exhibited a higher percentage of embryogenic callus formation than was found for the two female genotypes. A significant seasonal effect was also observed with inflorescences collected in early May exhibiting a higher percentage of callus formation than those collected in the summer and fall.

scholarly journals AgNO3 Promotes Callus Production and Regeneration of Immature Buffalograss Inflorescence Culture

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 631c-631
Author(s):  
Shuizhang Fei ◽  
Paul E. Read ◽  
Terrance P. Riordan
Keyword(s):  
Callus Formation ◽  
In Vitro Regeneration ◽  
Shoot Formation ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Friable Embryogenic Callus ◽  
Friable Callus ◽  
Promotive Effect ◽  
Callus Production ◽  
Regeneration Efficiency

The use of buffalograss [Buchloe dactyloides (Nutt.) Engelm] in home lawns and golf courses has been increasing because of its drought resistance and low growth habit. In vitro regeneration of buffalograss at a high frequency may provide an effective tool to introduce new variation for breeding use. The positive effects of AgNO3 on friable embryogenic callus production and regeneration efficiency is well documented in maize. In order to determine if AgNO3 has the same effect on buffalograss, two vegetatively propagated cultivars, a female `609' and a male `45-3' were tested at three different concentrations of AgNO3 at 5, 10, and 15 mg·L–1 using immature inflorescences as explants. Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 2 mg 2,4-D/L was employed as the control medium. Medium containing AgNO3 significantly promoted the production of friable callus for `45-3' with the highest percentage achieved at 10 mg AgNO3/L. AgNO3 medium led to production of significantly larger calli than found for the control. However, no difference was detected among 5, 10, and 15 mg AgNO3/L with regard to the callus formation ability and the size of callus initiated on these three treatments. Calli were then transferred to MS medium supplemented with BA at 0.1, 0.5 or 1.0 mg·L–1 to induce shoot formation. BA at 0.5 mg·L–1 gave the best differentiation response. Calli formed in the absence of AgNO3 produced more shoots per callus, but more calli were produced in the presence of AgNO3, and the overall regeneration efficiency was much higher with AgNO3 at 10 mg·L–1. In contrast, AgNO3 showed no promotive effect on callus production and regeneration for `609'.

In vitro plantlet regeneration from hypocotyl explants of Stellaria longipes (Caryophyllaceae)

1999 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 318-322
Author(s):  
Jacintha Miranda ◽  
Michele N Konschuh ◽  
E C Yeung ◽  
C C Chinnappa
Keyword(s):  
Callus Formation ◽  
In Vitro Regeneration ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Shoot Formation ◽  
Hypocotyl Explants ◽  
Stellaria Longipes ◽  
Shoot Production ◽  
Regeneration Capability ◽  
Direct Shoot Formation

An in vitro regeneration protocol for Stellaria longipes Goldie was developed using young hypocotyl explants. Optimal regeneration was obtained using Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium supplemented with 0.5 µM N6-benzyladenine and 1 µM indole-3-butyric acid. Three different patterns of shoot regeneration were observed: (i) "direct shoot" formation within 3-5 days of inoculation, (ii) nodular structures appeared followed by shoot formation, and (iii) callus formation followed by the appearance of shoots. Histological observation revealed that cells within the central vascular cylinder of the hypocotyl were responsible for shoot organogenesis. Shoot production was not synchronous or uniform among explants. A more synchronous shoot production was obtained by excising the direct shoots or by wounding the nodular structures. Excision and wounding increased the regeneration capability of the explants. Regenerated shoots were readily rooted in MS medium lacking growth regulators and were successfully transferred to greenhouse conditions. These showed morphology consistence with greenhouse-grown plants.Key words: hypocotyl, organogenesis, regeneration, Stellaria longipes.

scholarly journals CLONAL PROPAGATION OF NEEM (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) VIA DIRECT AND INDIRECT IN VITRO REGENERATION

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 439-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laureen Michelle Houllou ◽  
Robson Antônio de Souza ◽  
Elizabete Cristina Pacheco dos Santos ◽  
José Jackson Pereira da Silva ◽  
Marta Ribeiro Barbosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
In Vitro Regeneration ◽  
Regenerative Process ◽  
Shoot Tips ◽  
Shoot Tip ◽  
Stem Base ◽  
Different Characteristics

ABSTRACTThe study was conducted with shoot tip explants of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) to identify a viable regenerative process. Shoot tips were obtained from neem embryos cultured alternatingly in DKW medium supplemented with BAP and medium without hormones. Initial shoot development was influenced by cotyledon presence. Basal callus, excised from in vitro stem base, also presented organogenic potential. In some cases, plant lines, obtained from each seed, presented different characteristics. The most common characteristic observed in vitro was callus formation at the stem base. However, the rarest characteristics were stem callus formation and leaf senescence. The regenerated shoot tips were further subculture and rooted on a medium supplemented with IBA so that complete plants could be obtained. The rooted plants were transplanted to a greenhouse and successfully acclimatized. No significant differences in in vivo development were observed between neem plants from callus and from shoot tip propagation.

scholarly journals In vitro Regeneration of the Medicinal Plant, Plumbago zeylanica L. with Reference to a Unique Population in Maruthamalai, the Western Ghats, India

1970 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Mallikadevi ◽  
P. Senthilkumar ◽  
S. Paulsamy
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
In Vitro Regeneration ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Adventitious Shoot ◽  
Shoot Formation ◽  
Garden Soil ◽  
Plumbago Zeylanica ◽  
Adventitious Shoot Formation ◽  
The Western Ghats

The in vitro regeneration of Plubago zeylanica exhibited that the callus was initiated in the basal medium containing BAP, NAA, 2, 4-D, and IBA.  The high amount (90%) of organic calli was induced in the basal medium supplemented with 2, 4-D, alone at 2.0 mg/l. In the subculture the adventitious shoot formation was prominently higher (83%) in the basal medium containing BAP, and NAA at 3.5 and 0.3 mg/l, respectively. IAA (1.0 mg/l)effectively produced higher percen-tage (90) of roots and root growth. After sequential hardening, survivability rate was observed to be significantly higher (80%) in the hardening medium containing garden soil, sand and vermicompost in the ratio of 1 : 1 : 1 by volume under greenhouse condition.  Key words: Plumbago zeylanica, In vitro regeneration, Medicinal plant D.O.I. 10.3329/ptcb.v18i2.3648 Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 18(2): 173-179, 2008 (December)

scholarly journals Bioproduction of Diosgenin in Callus Cultures of Balanites aegyptiaca: Effect of Growth Regulators, Explants and Somatic Embryogenesis

2006 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 1934578X0600100
Author(s):  
Bishnu P. Chapagain ◽  
Vinod Saharan ◽  
Dan Pelah ◽  
Ram C. Yadav ◽  
Zeev Wiesman
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Embryogenic Callus ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Callus Cultures ◽  
Suspension Cultures ◽  
Balanites Aegyptiaca ◽  
Basal Media

This study describes the effects of plant growth regulators, explants, and somatic embryogenesis on in vitro production of the steroidal sapogenin, diosgenin, in callus cultures of the Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Del.(desert date). Root, shoot, hypocotyl, and epicotyl callus culture of B. aegyptiaca, were raised on MS basal media supplemented with various combinations of either 2,4-D and NAA alone, or with BAP. The diosgenin content (on a dry weight basis) was found to be highest when calli were cultured in MS basal medium supplemented with 1.0 mg l−1 2,4-D alone and/or in combination with 0.5 mg l−1 BAP. However, the callus growth was highest in media supplemented with 2.5 or 3.0 mg l−1 2,4-D. MS basal media supplemented with 2,4-D 2.5 mg l−1 alone and in combination with 0.5 mg l−1 BAP induced pre-embryogenic callus formation on root cultures. When these pre-embryogenic callus cultures were used to establish cell suspension cultures, two growth densities were obtained in embryogenic suspension cultures, inducing clusters of somatic embryos at various stages of development. The maximum number of somatic embryos were obtained at the fifth week on the medium supplemented with 1.0 mg l−1 2,4-D. However, the diosgenin content in these somatic cells was found to be lower compared to the explant calluses. This study revealed that production of diosgenin in callus cultures of B. aegyptiaca is possible, but the amount is significantly affected by the growth regulators, type of explants, and somatic embryogenesis.

scholarly journals Immature embryo is the potential source for in vitro plant regeneration in Jatropha curcas

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 125-134
Author(s):  
MR Islam ◽  
MA Bari
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Immature Embryo ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Coconut Water ◽  
Immature Embryos ◽  
Plantlet Formation ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Wide Range

Context: Jatropha belongs the spurge family Euphorbiaceae. Special interest mounting for its biodiesel which has created enthusiasm in cultivation of the species for oil extraction. Objectives: The study was conducted to develop the protocol for tissue and callus culture in Bangladeshi Jatropha curcus plant particularly to identify the most suitable explants for its wide scale micropropagation. Materials and Methods: Immature embryos taken from four developmental stages of fruits were cultured on growth regulator free MS liquid medium. After fifteen days of germination, elongated hypocotyls and two cotyledonary leaves were used as explants. Results: Embryo derived seedlings acted as the potential source of explants both for callus and plantlets. The immature embryo of size 0.87cm produced highest callus formation (83.33%) on MS medium supplemented with lower concentration of 2, 4-D (0.5 mg/l) and coconut water 2% (v/v). Immature embryos grown on MS basal medium supplemented with 2,4-D (0.2 mg/l, 0.5 mg/l and 1.0 mg/l) alone or in combination with coconut water 2% (v/v) exhibited a wide range of callus induction percentage (26-100%) for hypocotyls and (20 - 40%) for cotyledonary leaves. Conclusion: The age of immature embryo and addition of growth adjuvants and growth additive to the culture medium played the role in promoting better callus and plantlet formation. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbs.v20i0.17726 J. bio-sci.  20:  125-134, 2012

scholarly journals Adventitious Shoot Regeneration from In Vitro Leaf Explants of the Peach Rootstock Hansen 536

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 755
Author(s):  
Angela Ricci ◽  
Luca Capriotti ◽  
Bruno Mezzetti ◽  
Oriano Navacchi ◽  
Silvia Sabbadini
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Regeneration ◽  
Adventitious Shoots ◽  
Leaf Explants ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Adventitious Shoot ◽  
Shoot Cultures ◽  
Efficient System ◽  
Regeneration Rate ◽  
Factors Affecting

In the present study, an efficient system for the in vitro regeneration of adventitious shoots from the peach rootstock Hansen 536 leaves has been established. Twenty regeneration media containing McCown Woody Plant Medium (WPM) as a basal salt supplemented with different concentrations and combinations of plant growth regulators (PGRs) were tested. Expanded leaves along with their petiole from 3-week-old elongated in vitro shoot cultures were used as starting explants. The highest regeneration rate (up to 53%) was obtained on WPM basal medium enriched with 15.5 μM N6-benzylaminopurine (BAP). The influences on leaf regeneration of the ethylene inhibitor silver thiosulphate (STS) and of different combinations of antibiotics added to the optimized regeneration medium were also investigated. The use of 10 μM STS or carbenicillin (238 μM) combined with cefotaxime (210 μM) significantly increased the average number of regenerating shoots per leaf compared to the control. In vitro shoots were finally elongated, rooted and successfully acclimatized in the greenhouse. The results achieved in this study advances the knowledge on factors affecting leaf organogenesis in Prunus spp., and the regeneration protocol described looks promising for the optimization of new genetic transformation procedures in Hansen 536 and other peach rootstocks and cultivars.

scholarly journals Essential factors for in vitro regeneration of rose and a protocol for plant regeneration from leaves 

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 83-91
Author(s):  
Anber Mahmoud Ahmed Hassanein ◽  
Inas Mohamed Ali Mahmoud
Keyword(s):  
Indole Acetic Acid ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
In Vitro Regeneration ◽  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
Favorable Effect ◽  
Indole Butyric Acid ◽  
Leaf Discs ◽  
Better Than

In vitro propagation of Rosa hybrida, L. cv. ‘Eiffel Tower’ was improved by the addition of thidiazuron (TDZ) and silver nitrate (AgNo<sub>3</sub>) to the culture medium. The combination of auxin and cytokinins was indispensable for inducing response from leaf discs. Maintaining cultures under dark was better than light for callus formation and quality. The source of explants was vital in the regeneration process wherein situ explants produced callus while, in vitro explants regenerated somatic embryos and shoots. Gibberellic acid (GA<sub>3</sub>) had a favorable effect where in vitro explants showed somatic embryogenesis with no shoots on media containing TDZ however, 37% of explants regenerated shoots directly on medium containing GA<sub>3</sub>. The presence of benzyl adenine (BA) was essential for shoot elongation, and indole butyric acid (IBA) was better than indole acetic acid (IAA) for rooting. The optimum conditions produced rooted plants from leaf discs within ten weeks. The reported results clarify factors controlling in vitro regeneration of R. hybrida, and provide a rapid protocol allowing further improvements of rose. 

Evaluation of the Enhanced Regeneration System for in vitro regeneration in barley

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-69
Author(s):  
Seedhabadee Ganeshan ◽  
Brian J Weir ◽  
Monica Båga ◽  
Brian G Rossnagel ◽  
Ravindra N Chibbar
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Embryogenic Callus ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
In Vitro Regeneration ◽  
Cold Treatment ◽  
Regeneration System ◽  
Embryogenic Calli ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Best Response

A simple two-step model for evaluation of in vitro regeneration protocols is proposed based on callus induction and regeneration from immature scutella of two Canadian barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) genotypes, AC Metcalfe and SB92559 using the Enhanced Regeneration System (ERS). The number of explants producing embryogenic callus, the number of plants per embryogenic callus and the number of plants per explant were considered. Tissue culture parameters included three combinations of growth regulators, two carbon sources in culture media, and three cold treatment regimes of spikes prior to scutella isolation. Culture medium containing 5 µM 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) and 0.5 µM benzyl adenine (BA) induced the highest percent of embryogenic calli and the highest number of shoots per embryogenic callus from AC Metcalfe. Medium containing 3.75 µM 2,4-D and 0.75 µM BA gave the best response for SB92559. Both genotypes produced more shoots on maltose than on sucrose medium. A 2-d treatment of spikes at 4°C resulted in best response for SB92559. Regeneration response from AC Metcalfe scutella from spikes was unaffected by being subjected to 2, 4 or 6 d of cold. Conditions resulting in best responses from both genotypes were tested on four commercial barley varieties. However, these lines showed inferior regeneration compared to SB92559 and AC Metcalfe. Key words: Hordeum vulgare, scutella, embryogenic callus, shoot production

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