The creation of a Taraxacum kok-saghyz high frequency regeneration system

The aim of this research was to study the morphogenetic ability of Taraxacum kok-saghyz root tissues and to optimize the culture medium for the subsequent genetic transformation of plants. The effects of exogenous hormone exposure on survival, in vitro shoot induction, and root formation were studied by using root tissues. For the cultivation the samples of kok-saghyz, the Murashige-Skuga nutrient medium was used as the basis, supplemented with sucrose 20 g/l, vitamins B5 1 mg/l, and also containing agar 5.5 g/l. The pH value is 5.7. For the plant regeneration induction, growth regulators, auxins and cytokinins were added in culture media. In this study, the roots of D 1 mm and two media variants were used for comparison: variant 1. MS + 6-BAP 1 mg/l; variant 2. MS + 6-BAP 1 mg/l + IAA 0.2 mg/l. An effective protocol for the regeneration of kok-saghyz explants was developed. There was a high percentage of regeneration of 87.6% on the medium containing a combination of cytokinin and auxin, as well as a high percentage of direct shoot formation, which was 65.1%, the degree of rooting was 100%, the resulting cultured plant tissues grew well and had a high survival rate after transplantation.

Effect of plant growth regulators on the growth and direct shoot formation from leaf explants of the hybrid Phalaenopsis ‘Pink’

<p><em>Phalaenopsis </em>orchids are one of the most beautiful flowering plants. The objective of this study was to identify the best plant growth regulator combination and medium for the growth and direct shoot formation from leaf explants of the hybrid <em>Phalaenopsis</em> ‘Pink’. Leaf tips segments from <em>in vitro </em>young plants were cultured on half-strength Murashige and Skoog (MS) and Vacin and Went (VW) media supplemented with different concentrations of auxin [α-napthaleneacetic acid (NAA)] and cytokinins [6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) or thidiazuron (TDZ)]. The explants that were cultured on 0 mg l^–1 NAA and 3 mg l^–1 BAP supplemented to half-strength MS medium formed shoots successfully within 10 weeks of culture with 5 % regenerants and 50 % survival frequency. The explants cultured on 0.5 mg l^–1 NAA and 1.5 mg l^–1 TDZ supplemented to half-strength MS medium developed calluses and shoots within 11 weeks of culture with 25 % regenerants and 90 % survival frequency. Future research needs to be directed to find out the shortest time of shoot regeneration to produce viable plants with a high survival frequency.</p>