Three New Peaches and a Nectarine for the Southeastern United States

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 463e-463
Author(s):  
W.R. Okie
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Skin Color ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Chilling Requirement ◽  
Fruit Breeding ◽  
Bacterial Spot ◽  
Large White ◽  
Bacterial Spot Disease ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Yellow Flesh

Four new varieties have been released from the USDA–ARS Stone Fruit Breeding program located in central Georgia. All are adapted to the humid Southeastern U.S. climate. `Rubyprince' is an early yellow-fleshed peach with excellent size, firmness, and color. The slow-softening fruit ripens in early June at Byron, about with `Dixired', but is slightly lower chilling (about 800 h below 45 °F). `Blazeprince' is a very firm yellow-fleshed peach with a solid red blush that ripens in late mid-season between `Harvester' and `Redglobe'. It is susceptible to bacterial spot disease similar to `O'Henry'. It requires about 850 chill hours. `Southern Pearl' is a large white-fleshed, mid-season peach with very good acid flavor and medium firmness. It ripens about with `Harvester' or `Redhaven'. Chilling requirement is only about 650 h, similar to `Springcrest'. `Juneprincess' nectarine ripens in about the same season as `Southern Pearl' and produces large, attractive, firm fruit that is less prone to rain cracking than many nectarines. Skin color is bright red, typical of California nectarines, with yellow flesh. Chilling requirement is about 850 h.

scholarly journals Early Generation Selection within a Diploid Hybrid Solanum tuberosum Groups Phureja and Stenotomum Population for the Intense Yellow-flesh Creamer Potato Market

HortScience ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (12) ◽  
pp. 2118-2124
Author(s):  
Kathleen G. Haynes ◽  
Lincoln Zotarelli ◽  
Christian T. Christensen ◽  
Stephanie Walker
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Skin Color ◽  
South American ◽  
Tuber Dormancy ◽  
Skin Texture ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Yellow Flesh ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Seed Growing ◽  
Eye Depth

Consumer demand for specialty market potatoes has been growing. Cultivated South American diploid potatoes possess great variation for skin and flesh colors, shape, and taste. A long-day adapted population of Solanum tuberosum groups Phureja and Stenotomum (phu-stn) was evaluated for characteristics associated with the type known as papa criolla or papa amarilla in South America. Tubers have intense yellow flesh and may be fried or roasted and eaten whole. A U.S. northern location (Maine), representative of a seed growing region, and two southern locations (Florida and New Mexico), representative of potato growing regions near large Hispanic populations, evaluated yellow-fleshed clones selected within a phu-stn population. Agreement between selectors at two locations was greater than 50%. Tuber skin color and shape were highly correlated between locations; flesh color and tuber dormancy moderately so; eye depth had low correlation between locations; and appearance and skin texture had low or no correlation between locations. Tuber dormancy was generally short, but a few longer dormant clones were identified. There were significant differences among clones for yields, with the highest yields occurring in Maine. More intense evaluations are planned for a subset of these clones before possible release as new varieties. Future breeding efforts will be undertaken to lengthen tuber dormancy in this population.

scholarly journals Transgenic Expression of EFR and Bs2 Genes for Field Management of Bacterial Wilt and Bacterial Spot of Tomato

2018 ◽  
Vol 108 (12) ◽  
pp. 1402-1411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanju Kunwar ◽  
Fanny Iriarte ◽  
Qiurong Fan ◽  
Eduardo Evaristo da Silva ◽  
Laura Ritchie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Transgenic Tomato ◽  
Bacterial Spot ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Field Management

Field trials were conducted at two locations in Florida to evaluate transgenic tomato expressing the ELONGATION FACTOR TU RECEPTOR (EFR) gene from Arabidopsis thaliana, the Bs2 gene from pepper, or both Bs2 and EFR (Bs2/EFR) for managing bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum and bacterial spot caused by Xanthomonas perforans. Expression of EFR or Bs2/EFR in the susceptible genotype Fla. 8000 significantly reduced bacterial wilt incidence (50 to 100%) and increased total yield (57 to 114%) relative to lines expressing only Bs2 or the nontransformed Fla. 8000 control, although the marketable yield was not significantly affected. Following harvest, surviving symptomatic and nonsymptomatic plants were assessed for colonization by R. solanacearum. There were no significant differences in the population at the lower stem. Interestingly, in the middle stem, no bacteria could be recovered from EFR or Bs2/EFR lines but viable bacterial populations were recovered from Bs2 and nontransformed control lines at 102 to 105 CFU/g of stem tissue. In growth-chamber experiments, the EFR transgenic tomato lines were found to be effective against seven different R. solanacearum strains isolated from the southeastern United States, indicating utility across the southeastern United States. In all of the bacterial spot trials, EFR and Bs2/EFR lines had significantly reduced disease severity (22 to 98%) compared with the Fla. 8000 control. The marketable and total yield of Bs2/EFR were significantly higher (43 to 170%) than Fla. 8000 control in three of four field trials. These results demonstrate for the first time the potential of using the EFR gene for field management of bacterial wilt and bacterial spot diseases of tomato.

Copper tolerance in Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni in South Carolina peach orchards

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brodie Cox ◽  
Hehe Wang ◽  
Guido Schnabel
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South Carolina ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Copper Tolerance ◽  
Bacterial Spot ◽  
Organic Farm ◽  
Xanthomonas Arboricola ◽  
Tolerance To Copper

Bacterial spot of peach, caused by Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni (Xap), causes yield loss every year in southeastern United States peach orchards. Management is mainly driven by season-long applications of copper-based products, site location, and choice of cultivar. Although tolerance to copper has not been reported in Xap in the United States, adaptation of populations due to frequent use is a concern. We collected Xap from shoot cankers, leaves, and fruit of cv. O'Henry over two years from three conventional farms and one organic farm in South Carolina, one orchard per farm. The four farms had been using copper extensively for years to control bacterial spot. Xap was isolated from four canker types (bud canker, tip canker, non-concentric canker, and concentric canker) in early spring (‘bud break’), as well as from leaf and fruit tissues later in the season at phenological stages ‘pit hardening’ and ‘final swell’. Xap was most frequently isolated from cankers of the organic farm (24% of the cankers) and most isolates (45%) came from bud cankers. Xap isolates were assessed for sensitivity to copper using minimal glucose yeast agar and nutrient agar amended with 38 µg/ml or 51 µg/ml of Cu2+. Two phenotypes of copper-tolerance in Xap were discovered: low copper tolerance (LCT: growth up to 38 µg/ml Cu2+) and high copper tolerance (HCT: growth up to 51 µg/ml Cu2+). A total of 26 (23 LCT and 3 HCT) out of 165 isolates in 2018 and 32 (20 LCT and 12 HCT) out of 133 isolates in 2019 were tolerant to copper. Peach leaves on potted trees were sprayed with copper rates typically applied at ‘delayed dormancy’ (high rate; 2,397 µg/ml Cu2+), at ‘shuck split’ (medium rate; 599 µg/ml Cu2+), and during ‘summer cover sprays’ (low rate; 120 µg/ml Cu2+) and subsequently inoculated with sensitive, LCT and HCT strains. Results indicated that the low and medium rates of copper reduced bacterial spot incidence caused by the sensitive strain but not by the LCT and HCT strains. This study confirms existence of Xap tolerance to copper in commercial peach orchards in the southeastern United States and suggests its contribution to bacterial spot development under current management practices.

scholarly journals A Fruit Quality Survey of Peach Cultivars Grown in the Southeastern United States

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Belisle ◽  
Uyen T.X. Phan ◽  
Koushik Adhikari ◽  
Dario J. Chavez
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Skin Color ◽  
Significant Variation ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Color Space ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Cultivar Differences

Peach (Prunus persica) production in the southeastern United States extends from mid-May to mid-September. There are ≈60 peach cultivars commercially grown. Each cultivar has unique fruit quality characteristics, which could influence consumer perception and likability. The present study is a survey of chemical and physical characteristics of mature, commercially grown, fresh peaches in Georgia. A collection of 30 cultivars was evaluated in 2015 and 2016 for soluble solids concentration (SSC), total titratable acidity (TTA), SSC/TTA ratio, texture (compression, puncture, and Kramer shear), and skin and flesh color (CIE L*, chroma, and hue color space values). There was significant variation between seasons for all variables (P < 0.05) except for TTA (P = 0.12), and flesh hue values (P = 0.38). Statistical differences among cultivars within each year were reported for all variables (P < 0.0001). SSC showed variation seasonally and among cultivars, whereas TTA variation was mainly attributed to cultivar differences. Similarly, cultivar-to-cultivar differences were found when comparing the different texture tests evaluated with cultivars such as Goldprince, Early August Prince, Flameprince, Majestic, and Red Globe having the most variation between seasons. Other cultivars analyzed had little variation between seasons. Moreover, firmness differences observed across the three texture tests were inconsistent. In peach skin color, significant variation was observed for L*, chroma, and hue among cultivars. Skin hue and chroma were highly correlated within each season (r = 0.77 for 2015, r = 0.72 for 2016). The results of this survey demonstrate the variation of quality characteristics for a large selection of peach cultivars grown in Georgia. The information reported in this paper will be used as a baseline for further examining and understanding peach fruit quality.

scholarly journals `Black Ruby', a Japanese-type Plum Adapted to the Humid Southeastern United States

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 831G-832
Author(s):  
W.R. Okie
Keyword(s):  
Large Firm ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Eating Quality ◽  
Fruit Breeding ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Black Skin ◽  
Yellow Flesh ◽  
Resistant Tree ◽  
Plum Varieties ◽  
Better Than

`Black Ruby' is the newest plum released by the USDA stone fruit breeding program at Byron. This variety has large, firm fruit that ripens in early July, about 1 week after `Santa Rosa'. Fruit has reddish-black skin and yellow flesh. Eating quality is very good. `Black Ruby' has an upright tree similar to `Santa Rosa', except that tree health and vigor are much better than `Santa Rosa'. USDA has been breeding plums for the humid Southeast for 30 years. Goals are to combine large, firm, high-quality fruit with a disease-resistant tree that will live 8 to 10 years. Most plum varieties are short-lived in our area due to disease caused by Xanthomonas, Pseudomonas, and Xylella. Most existing varieties adapted to our climate have fruit unsuitable for commercial production. Previous USDA releases include “green plum” types `Robusto' (1980) and `Segundo' (1984); a yellow plum, `Byrongold' (1985); a black shipping plum, `Explorer' (1980); and the blood-fleshed, high-quality `Rubysweet' (1989).

Does Enhancing Mind Perception Affect Conspiracy Belief?

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Noguera
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Social Discourse ◽  
Psychological Processes ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Conspiracy Theories ◽  
Mind Perception ◽  
Mixed Anova ◽  
Interaction Term ◽  
The Mind

This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of a novel mind perception manipulation. Mind perception is currently theorized to be an essential aspect of a number of human social psychological processes. Thus, a successful manipulation would allow for the causal study of those processes. This manipulation was created in an attempt to explore the downstream impact of mind perception on the endorsement of conspiracy theories. Conspiracy theories are steadily becoming more and more prominent in social discourse. Endorsement of conspiracy theories are beginning to show real world ramifications such as a danger to human health (e.g., in the anti-vaccination movement). A sample of college students (valid N = 53) from a large rural institution in the southeastern United States participated for course credit. These participants completed a mind perception pretest, were randomly assigned to either the manipulation in question (in which participants are asked to consider the ‘mind’ of several targets and write their thoughts about them) or the control condition, and then they completed a posttest. The mixed ANOVA revealed that the interaction term between Time and Condition was not significant. Because the manipulation did not work, other analyses were aborted, in accord with the pre-registration. My Discussion focuses on the procedures and potential shortcomings of this manipulation, in an effort to lay the groundwork for a successful one.

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