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2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 897
Author(s):  
Sara Bosi ◽  
Lorenzo Negri ◽  
Antonio Fakaros ◽  
Giulia Oliveti ◽  
Anne Whittaker ◽  
...  

Given the substantial variation in global wheat yield, insufficient research in cultivar selection for climate change, and the lack of suitable germplasm in sustainable agroecosystems, there is a requisite for soft wheat genotypes, with stable grain yield as well as quality parameters. The present study was aimed at genotype evaluation (GGE biplot for “mean performance versus stability”) not only for yield, but also for technological, phytosanitary and functional quality parameters of 24 Triticum aestivum L. genotypes (eight landraces, old and modern varieties, respectively) within a single organic farm location (Argelato, Emilia-Romagna, Italy) over three consecutive years. Overall, high yield stability was shown for the landraces and old varieties. In particular, the landraces Piave and Gamba di Ferro, as well as the old variety Verna, showed high stability with above-average means for numerous quality parameters of interest. Additionally, relative stability combined with above-average mean for quality parameters was also demonstrated for the high-yielding Gentil Bianco and Guà 113. Aside from Verna, these “unrecognized” resilient genotypes were also shown to meet the requisites for suitable germplasm in sustainable agroecosystems. Future potential utilization of these more stable landraces in addressing climate change would also ultimately facilitate the survival of valuable genetic resources.


2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 194
Author(s):  
Shania Desty Hariadi ◽  
Rahayu Relawati ◽  
Istis Baroh

“Orgo Organic Farm” melakukan bisnis sayur organik mulai dari budidaya hingga pemasaran. Ketatnya persaingan bisnis sayur organik di Malang mengharuskan pelaku bisnis memahami faktor-faktor yang mendorong keputusan konsumen melakukan pembelian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh kualitas produk dan harga terhadap keputusan pembelian di OOF. Data primer diperoleh dengan wawancara pelanggan OOF. Teknik accidental sampling digunakan untuk menentukan sampel pelanggan OOF. Data dianalisis dengan metode Partial Least Square (PLS). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kualitas produk dan harga berpengaruh terhadap keputusan pembelian di OOF. Kesimpulan penelitian ini yaitu kualitas produk berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap keputusan konsumen dengan nilai p value 0,001 atau lebih kecil dari 0,05. Nilai original sample (path coefficient) 0,336 menunjukkan arah hubungan positif dan terdapat pengaruh harga terhadap keputusan konsumen. Harga tidak signifikan terhadap keputusan konsumen dengan nilai p value 0,109 atau lebih besar dari 0,05. Nilai  original sampel (path coefficient) 0,172 menunjukan arah hubungan positif. Kata kunci : Harga Sayur, Keputusan Pembelian, Kualitas Sayur, Sayur Organik.


Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Md. Nasir Hossain Sani ◽  
Jean W. H. Yong

Demand for organically grown food crops is rising substantially annually owing to their contributions to human health. However, organic farm production is still generally lower compared to conventional farming. Nutrient availability, content consistency, uptake, assimilation, and crop responses to various stresses were reported as critical yield-limiting factors in many organic farming systems. In recent years, plant biostimulants (BSs) have gained much interest from researchers and growers, and with the objective of integrating these products to enhance nutrient use efficiency (NUE), crop performance, and delivering better stress resilience in organic-related farming. This review gave an overview of direct and indirect mechanisms of microbial and non-microbial BSs in enhancing plant nutrient uptake, physiological status, productivity, resilience to various stressors, and soil-microbe-plant interactions. BSs offer a promising, innovative and sustainable strategy to supplement and replace agrochemicals in the near future. With greater mechanistic clarity, designing purposeful combinations of microbial and non-microbial BSs that would interact synergistically and deliver desired outcomes in terms of acceptable yield and high-quality products sustainably will be pivotal. Understanding these mechanisms will improve the next generation of novel and well-characterized BSs, combining microbial and non-microbial BSs strategically with specific desired synergistic bio-stimulatory action, to deliver enhanced plant growth, yield, quality, and resilience consistently in organic-related cultivation.


Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brodie Cox ◽  
Hehe Wang ◽  
Guido Schnabel

Bacterial spot of peach, caused by Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni (Xap), causes yield loss every year in southeastern United States peach orchards. Management is mainly driven by season-long applications of copper-based products, site location, and choice of cultivar. Although tolerance to copper has not been reported in Xap in the United States, adaptation of populations due to frequent use is a concern. We collected Xap from shoot cankers, leaves, and fruit of cv. O'Henry over two years from three conventional farms and one organic farm in South Carolina, one orchard per farm. The four farms had been using copper extensively for years to control bacterial spot. Xap was isolated from four canker types (bud canker, tip canker, non-concentric canker, and concentric canker) in early spring (‘bud break’), as well as from leaf and fruit tissues later in the season at phenological stages ‘pit hardening’ and ‘final swell’. Xap was most frequently isolated from cankers of the organic farm (24% of the cankers) and most isolates (45%) came from bud cankers. Xap isolates were assessed for sensitivity to copper using minimal glucose yeast agar and nutrient agar amended with 38 µg/ml or 51 µg/ml of Cu2+. Two phenotypes of copper-tolerance in Xap were discovered: low copper tolerance (LCT: growth up to 38 µg/ml Cu2+) and high copper tolerance (HCT: growth up to 51 µg/ml Cu2+). A total of 26 (23 LCT and 3 HCT) out of 165 isolates in 2018 and 32 (20 LCT and 12 HCT) out of 133 isolates in 2019 were tolerant to copper. Peach leaves on potted trees were sprayed with copper rates typically applied at ‘delayed dormancy’ (high rate; 2,397 µg/ml Cu2+), at ‘shuck split’ (medium rate; 599 µg/ml Cu2+), and during ‘summer cover sprays’ (low rate; 120 µg/ml Cu2+) and subsequently inoculated with sensitive, LCT and HCT strains. Results indicated that the low and medium rates of copper reduced bacterial spot incidence caused by the sensitive strain but not by the LCT and HCT strains. This study confirms existence of Xap tolerance to copper in commercial peach orchards in the southeastern United States and suggests its contribution to bacterial spot development under current management practices.


2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (43) ◽  
pp. 41-49
Author(s):  
Gyanu Acharya

The study was regulated to find out the financial profitability of private organic farm of Sanga, Kavre. The study is based on both primary and secondary sources of data. The collected data using interview were analyzed by presenting them on table and interpreted through Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR) in 10 percent discount rate. For this, all figures were converted into Net Present Value (NPV) of Nepalese rupees. The findings of the study showed that the BCR was greater than one such as 1.47 ratios (BCR>1). The BCR value showed that the farm has contributed to increase more profit of owner by selling their farm’s products. The project of organic items: beans and garden cress was able to produce fresh items, provide space for employment. These organic products supported human health, soil health, and maintained conducive environment.  


Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2349
Author(s):  
Renata Nurzyńska-Wierdak ◽  
Halina Buczkowska ◽  
Andrzej Sałata

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of a mycorrhizal inoculation (AMF) and irrigation regime on certain yield morphological parameters and the biological value of fruits of open field-grown sweet pepper under temperate climate conditions. A study on the Polish hybrid cultivar ‘Roberta F1’ was conducted over the period 2016–2018 in a private certified organic farm. Sweet pepper was harvested at physiological maturity from the second 10 days of August to the first 10 days of October. AMF and irrigation were shown to significantly modify the selected morphological parameters of the peppers. Fruits with the highest weight, length, and width were harvested from AMF-inoculated plants, both irrigated and non-irrigated ones. The chemical composition and antioxidant activity (AA) of pepper fruit extracts were significantly affected by AMF and irrigation. AMF application contributed to a decrease in the percentage of dry matter, vitamin C, reducing sugars, extract, carotenoids, and AA. Irrigation, on the other hand, had a beneficial effect on enhancing the biological value of pepper fruits (except for vitamin C), also increasing their AA. The highest levels of carotenoids (4.64 mg 100 g−1 of fresh matter (FM) were found in the fruits of irrigated plants without AMF, whereas the highest levels of vitamin C (134.10 mg 100 g−1 FM) were accumulated by the fruits of plants grown without AMF and without irrigation.


Author(s):  
D. C. Preethu ◽  
S. M. Savita ◽  
M. S. Dinesha ◽  
B. S. Rajendra Prasad ◽  
Lata R. Kulkarni

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate effectiveness of various microbial compost cultures for aerobic-composting of farm wastes. Place of Study: Three trials were conducted on farmer’s field and one at Krishi Vigyana Kendra (KVK) Ramanagara district. Methodology: During the composting process, days to compost, maturity in terms of changes in temperature, pH and composting dynamics were studied. Compost quality parameters such as macro and micro-nutrients and C:N ratio and stability  of the compost were recorded at different intervals.  Results: The results showed that the compost culture from  IIHR and UASB had taken 90 and 105 days respectively, for complete stabilization; further had relatively higher temperature and pH during the initial phase and reached ambient condition at maturity stage, C:N ratio has showed gradual reduction from 39.65 to 15.98 and 39.75 to 13.66% respectively in IIHR and UASB cultures, they also had high macro, secondary and micro nutrients(IIHR-1.55% N, 0.93% P, 0.95% K, 4.39% Ca, 0.69% Mg, 0.19%S, 930 ppm Fe, 10ppm Cu, 305ppm Mn, 82ppm Zn, 26 ppm B  UASB-1.59% N, 0.91% P, 0.97% K, 4.25%Ca, 0.88% Mg, 0.21%S, 948 ppm Fe, 9ppm Cu, 325ppm Mn, 93ppm Zn, 28ppm B) content and resulted in more compost production ( 3.3 and 2.8 t/year, respectively) with B:C ratio of 6.67 and 7.25 respectively when compared to NCOF (T3) and farmers practice (T4). Conclusion: Aerobic-composting of farm waste using microbial culture of UASB and IIHR proved to be an effective technology that aids to convert organic farm waste into valuable organic manure with an advantage of minimizing the environmental contamination associated with burning of residues.


2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-40
Author(s):  
T.E. Odunjo ◽  
E.Y. Thomas

The risk associated with the presence of heavy metals in soil is their potential toxicity and ability to enter the ecosystem through the food chain. Total heavy metal content of a soil is inadequate for predicting the toxicity of heavy metals in soil. Therefore, the current study was designed to determine the various forms in which the selected heavy metals: Chromium (Cr), Lead (Pb), Nickel (Ni), and Cadmium (Cd) exist in the soil to ascertain the available forms for plant uptake. Soils samples were randomly collected from selected organic and conventional farms in Akinyele local government, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria, at different depths (0-15, 15-30 and 30-45 cm) using random sampling method. Routine analysis was carried out to determine the textural classes and chemical properties of soil samples. The total heavy metals of the soil samples were determined and their fractions were analysed using sequential extraction method. Cadmium was not detected in most of the soil samples. Residual fraction was predominant in all the analysed heavy metals. In addition, Cr was more associated with the oxidizable fraction having a range of 0.1 mg/kg from Ajibode organic farm (AO) at 30-45 cm depth. Pb and Ni were both more associated with reducible fraction with Pb having a range of 2.7 mg/kg in Ajibode conventional farm (AI) at 0-15 cm depth and 0.1 mg/kg in (AI) at 30-45 cm depth. Reducible values of Ni ranges from 4.3 mg/kg in AI at 0-15 cm to 1.4 mg/kg in AO at 30-45 cm. The apparent mobility and bioavailability for these heavy metals in the studied soils were in the order: Pb>Cr>Ni. The result showed that uptake of heavy metals by the plants would be low as the concentration of the exchangeable form of the heavy metals in the analysed soil sample has the least concentration when compared with the other forms.


2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 145-156
Author(s):  
Sivaraj Paramasivam ◽  
◽  
Philip Henry ◽  
Venkata Pirabu Jagadeesan ◽  
◽  
...  

The goal of this study is to find factors that influence the adoption of organic farming. The study’s objective necessitates the selection of an organic agricultural district. The study was conducted in Tamil Nadu’s western region on purpose with 180 farmers. The most effective elements found in the current study to determine the factors affecting the adoption of organic farming in Tamil Nadu are Organic farm perception potential (Prime factor) with Eigenvalue 3.854. Since, organic farming experience (X5), scientific approach (X12), animal ownership (X13), perceptions of organic manure utilization (X15), and perceptions of organic farming profitability (X16). With the highest factor loading of the above-mentioned factors of 0.689, 0.602, 0.206, 0.591, and 0.613, it has a stronger influence on the amount of adoption of organic farming practices in Tamil Nadu’s Western zone. As a result, farmers should be motivated and educated about the benefits of organic farming through extension and research institutes, not only to improve income but also to modify their behaviour and perceptions about new agricultural techniques.


2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 01-05
Author(s):  
Hayriye Alp

Introduction: Herbal treatments are a sub-branch of traditional and complementary medicine. People generally use it to strengthen health. It is mostly used with the advice of radio-television, internet and friends. Among the side effects, the most frequent allergic reactions can be seen. tandardized products should be used.It is reported that 80% of the essential oils of mercury (Achillea herba L.) must be monoterpene. Sesquiterpene group is guaianolite, germacranolite, edesmanolite and has anti-inflammatory, anti-edematous, antimicrobial effect. As flavonoid routine, it contains apigenin. Quinine has effects that increase secretion and appetite. It is spasmolytic due to azulene and flavonoids. It is used in gastric mucosa irritations. It is defined as a gastroprotective drug. Azulene and camazulene give wound healing properties to essential oil. The symptoms of inflammation are relieving. Method: Plants (Achillea herba L.) Grown in July Organic Farm in Konya region were used. Analyzes were conducted in the laboratory of the Western Mediterranean Antalya Regional Directorate of Agriculture and Forestry. Total volatile oil content flavonoid amount was determined in the analysis. The amount of essential oil of lavender plant grown in Konya region was measured by hydrodistillation method. Essential oil components were measured by GC-MS / FID method. Result: In this study, we aimed to present phytochemical analysis of mercury (Achillea herba L.)) Plant grown in Konya region. Total essential oil amount was found to be 0.62%. Piperitone takes the first place with 31.25% and p-mentha -1, 5-dien-8-ol with 14.49% and α-pinene with 10.61%. When the content analysis of European countries is examined in the literature studies, it is seen that the amount of Kamuzulen and monoterpene in the plants grown in Estonia region is higher than other European countries (Hungary, Greece, Moldova, Lithuania, and Germany). Millefolii herba is recommended as gastroprotective drug. It is also used after prostate adenectomy because of its antiinflammatory properties.


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