Spring vetch Mega mixed crops productivity at different seeding rates

Spring vetch is the most well-known annual legume forage crop. With the cultivation and application of various methods and terms of harvesting crops, not only for green fodder and hay, but also for haylage, silage, grain-growing, the requirements for the quality of the mown mass were reduced, but the need to create non-growing crops suitable for machine harvesting increased. In the gene pool of spring vetch, there are no forms with a strong, resistant to lodging stem, so the only way to solve the problem is to support the supporting culture. According to the results of research for two years, for the cultivation of vetch for green mass, the best option is vetch mixed with oats with a seeding rate of 1.2 million vetch, oats of 3 million germinating seeds per hectare. For grain cultivation, the best option is a mixture of vetch and oats with a seeding rate of 1.8 million and 3 million germinating seeds, respectively. For obtaining a grain crop for seed-growing purposes, the best option for two years of research is vetch mixed with spring wheat with a seeding rate of 1.8 and 3 million germinating seeds per hectare.

Promising experimental hybrids of spring rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) for CMS-system of Polima type

One of the prior directions in spring rapeseed breeding is development of heterotic hybrids. Seed growing of the most hybrids F1 used in production are often carried out by two types of cytoplasmic male sterility, they are polima and ogura. At the Lipetsk Rapeseed Research Institute, fertility restorers on sterile cytoplasm were made and estimated for the main valuable traits. The purpose of the research was to develop effective restorers, which are necessary for obtaining of highly productive hybrids on the Polima type cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS). The object of research was 56 varieties of Brassica napus L., which were selected in 2013. It is noted that hybrids F1 were more productive than the parental forms and the standards (the varieties Ratnik and Rif). The restorer line LHR-1 is of practical interest for the development of hybrids on the Polima CMS.

The Effect of Organic Fertilizer and Liquid Complementary Fertilizer on The Seed Growing Medium from Topsoil

In coal mine reclamation activities, topsoil is generally used as the top layer on the reclamation land surface and the primary material in the growing medium for reclamation plant seeds due to its abundant availability. Topsoil generally has a low fertility rate because the soil layers between horizons have been mixed. Improvement of topsoil quality can be performed by adding organic fertilizers. This study aimed to identify the effect of organic fertilizers, liquid complementary fertilizers (LCF), and their interactions on selected soil's chemical properties from the topsoil used as a seed growing medium. This study used a factorial completely randomized design (CRD) with two factors, consisting of organic fertilizer factors (guano phosphate, Subur Ijo, vermicompost) and LCF factors (IMO, liquid smoke, Vermiwash). The results showed that the independent treatment of organic fertilizers and LCF had a very significant effect on pH. The independent treatment of organic fertilizers had a very significant effect on organic C and Total K. Meanwhile, the interaction between the two treatments had a very significant effect on the Total N and Total P of the growing media. The addition of organic fertilizers and LCF can improve topsoil quality to be used as a medium for growing media.

THE MAIN STAGES IN HISTORY OF SUNFLOWER OP-VARIETIES BREEDING AT THE ARMAVIR EXPERIMENTAL STATION

We analyzed literary sources, historical data and annual scientific reports on sunflower breeding and seed growing at the Armavir experimental station. Basing on these data we presented the history of sunflower varieties breeding. There are presented the main characteristics of sunflower OP-varieties and their genesis. The main stages in development of the Armavir experimental station are stated.

Efficiency of selection of self-fertile sunflower biotypes in production of foundation and breeder seeds

The researches were conducted on fields of OOO NPO “Triumph”, the Matveevo-Kurgansky district of Rostov region and V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops, Krasnodar in 2017–2020. The purpose of the research was to develop methodology of selection of self-fertile sunflower genotypes in foundation and breeder seed production. Our work resulted in development of improved population Dobrynya plus. Middle self-fertility of this population at self-pollination was 13.7% vs. 5.2% of the initial variety (increased by 2.6 times), a ratio of the most valuable genotypes with amount of fully formed seeds more than 150 seeds per a plant increased from 13.5 to 26.4% (by 1.9 times). At the open flowering and free insect pollination, population Dobrynya plus does not differ by its economically valuable traits from the initial variety. But at the close flowering, without insects pollination, yield of the population Dobrynya plus was 0.93 t per ha vs. 0.52 t per ha of the initial variety (increase by 1.8 times). At selection of elite seeds from sunflower varietal populations for seed growing, the most perspective are the biotypes with high level of self-fertility which traits are held stable in the different environments. Improvement of sunflower variety by 11 self-fertility does not lead to decreasing of its yield qualities by the main economically valuable traits. The obtained experimental data prove a prospectivity of researches directed on improvement of sunflower variety populations by self-fertility at production of foundation and breeder seeds and possibility to reach successful results.

Results of selection and seed-growing work on onion crops at the Federal Scientific Center of Vegetable Growing

the article summarizes the long-term research on the selection and seed production of onion crops of the Federal Scientific Center of Vegetable Growing. The prospects of using new varieties to obtain high-quality products for different zones are shown.

EFFICIENCY OF APPLICATION OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS ON DIFFERENT GENOTYPES OF SUNFLOWER

Sunflower is the most common crop in Ukraine. In terms of sunflower seed growing, our country is among the top three world leaders. The aim of the article is to study the possibility of increasing the productivity and improving the seed characteristics of sunflower seeds, the influence of growth regulators on the morphological characteristics of the studied lines, experimental hybrids, varieties and the possibility of improving traditional cultivation technologies. In the process of performing scientific work, introductory, special and general scientific research methods were used. The scientific novelty of the research is aimed at improving and enhancing the productive characteristics and economically useful traits of sunflower lines and hybrids, as well as assessing the feasibility of using growth regulators Fulvital Plus, Ecostim and Quadrostim on these genotypes and their individual reactions. Weather conditions in the period 2018-2020 were unstable and depended on the year. There was a significant impact of PGR on the formation of productivity (increase in the range of 0.7-38.1 % compared to control). The greatest positive impact was achieved on lines Skh808A and Skh1002A. These lines are characterized by high drought resistance and adaptability to adverse conditions in general and major diseases. High rates of PGR impact on experimental hybrids can be justified by the presence of heterosis, which in turn increases the number of dominant alleles in the plant, which help plants better adapt to environmental conditions. PGR had almost no effect on the studied sunflower cultivars, except for the Lakomka cultivar (productivity varied in the range of 82.4-50.9 g, compared to the control of 75.9 g). The slight effect of PGR on sunflower varieties may explain their inconsistency in the onset of developed phases, the period of onset of a certain phase in the population can vary from a few days to a week. The use of PGR Quadrostim was effective on experimental hybrids, except for the linear-varietal hybrid Skh808A×Shchelkunchyk, the oil content varied within the control over the years of research 50.8 % (control 20.7 %). The influence of the studied PGRs on the oil content in the seeds of self-pollinating sunflower lines was specific and varied depending on the genotype of the line and PGR. The practical value of the work is determined by the importance of its end results, both for seed production, breeding practice and for production. The influence of the studied PGRs had an individual nature of influence and varied depending on the genotype of the line, growth regulator and weather conditions surrounding the plants at the time of treatment and subsequent vegetation.

State, problems and prospects for the development of sugar beet seed production in the Krasnodar Territory

A retrospective analysis of the state of sugar beet seed production in the Krasnodar Territory has been carried out. The problems are reflected and the factors of intensification of the seed-growing process are named as a necessary condition for the restoration of domestic seedgrowing and an increase in the proportion of seeds of the Kuban selection in the crops of sugar beet in the North-Caucasian region. The results of production testing of sugar beet hybrids selected by the FSBSI “Pervomaysky Selection und Experimental Station of Sugar Beets” in 2019-2020 are presented.

Assessment of the safety of chicory root crops during winter storage

Relevance and methods. For the production of chicory seeds, care must be taken not only to obtain a high-grade source material, i.e. varietal seeds and masterbatch root crops, but also to store the resulting root crops in winter with minimal losses. The main requirement for growing mother chicory root crops is the placement of crops on fertile soils that are clean of weeds. Installed. That on podzolized loams the best dose of mineral fertilizers for this crop is N45P120K60, where an increased dose of superphosphate increases the yield and rootability of Queen cells, increases seed productivity for the second year. Materials and methods. The purpose of this work is to analyze the safety of root crops of chicory root and the degree of their damage by root rot during winter storage in plastic bags in burts. The purpose of the study is to identify the best way to store the mother chicory root crops and the effect of reproduction on the rootability of root crops in winter. Questions of storage of the mother material of root chicory were studied in the laboratory of selection and seed production on the example of the Petrovsky variety in 2017-2019. The material for research was the families of chicory of the Petrovsky variety in the control and elite nursery. Results. The obtained data show that when evaluating and selecting families for the purpose of obtaining highly productive seed material, the safety of root crops in long-term winter storage should be taken into account. If its values are low, the entire family should be completely excluded from the process of primary seed production. In selection and seed-growing work, a mandatory component of the assessment should be the safety of root crops during long-term winter storage.

The peculiarities of breeding and seed growing work and technological methods of sunflower cultivation in relation to climate change (review)

The review provides the information on the current state and prospects of breeding and seed growing work and technological methods of sunflower cultivation in relation to climate change based on the analysis of domestic and foreign sources of scientific literature. We established the important role of observing scientifically based agricultural technologies for obtaining the maximum economic effect when introducing the latest breeding achievements. The article reviews the issues of further improvement of research work related to the increase in sunflower production.