Threshold Monitoring, Trap Cropping, and Aluminum Mulch Repulsion for Management of Cucumber Beetles on Cucurbits

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 475d-475
Author(s):  
John S. Caldwell ◽  
Sam Johnson ◽  
Michael LaChance ◽  
Stephanie Stockton
Keyword(s):  
Cumulative Yield ◽  
Trap Crop ◽  
Solid Aluminum ◽  
Cucumber Beetles ◽  
Trap Cropping ◽  
Cucumber Beetle ◽  
Black Plastic ◽  
Monitoring Trap ◽  
Threshold Monitoring ◽  
Peak Count

Three approaches to cucumber beetle [striped, Acalymma vittata (Fabricius)]; spotted, Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi Barber] management on cucurbits were tested on 11 farms in Virginia. Visual counts of striped cucumber beetles/five squash plants were similar in 1996 (2.6 ± 3.1, max 16) and 1997 (3.1 ± 3.8, max 18), but counts on adjacent yellow sticky traps were higher in 1996 (11.5 ± 14.5, max 66) than in 1997 (4.9 ± 4.1, max 16). Correlation between visual and card counts was stronger in 1996 (r = 0.66) than 1997 (r = 0.38). Regression indicated that a threshold of five beetles/five plants was equivalent to 16 beetles/trap in 1996, but only six beetles/trap in 1997. On two peak count dates in Aug. 1996, trap crop squash cultivar NK530 had 10 beetles/sticky card, significantly higher than the three to seven beetles/sticky card on `Seneca' and `Scallop'. Similar trends were seen in visual counts in these plots. In 1997, `NK530' also showed preferential beetle attraction over pumpkin cultivar Howden. On early squash in 1997, cucumber beetle counts on two June peak dates were higher on black plastic (40 and 23 beetles/trap) than on solid aluminum (eight and five beetles/trap) or black with aluminum strips (15 and 10 beetles/trap). Black plastic required 1.8 insecticidal applications compared to none for solid aluminum. There were no significant differences in cumulative yield, although yield at first picking was 38% less on aluminum. Premiums for lower pesticide use (25%) compare favorably with the $102/acre added expense for aluminum plastic.

scholarly journals Repulsion of Cucumber Beetles in Cucumber and Squash Using Aluminum-coated Plastic Mulch

1999 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
John S. Caldwell ◽  
Paul Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Cumulative Yield ◽  
Solid Aluminum ◽  
Diabrotica Undecimpunctata Howardi ◽  
Cucumber Beetles ◽  
Cucumber Beetle ◽  
Black Plastic ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Striped Cucumber Beetle ◽  
Spotted Cucumber Beetle

Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) and squash (Cucurbita pepo L.) were grown in a replicated trial on three types of plastic mulch: solid black plastic mulch, solid aluminum-coated plastic mulch with a silver reflective appearance, and black plastic mulch with two aluminum-coated strips attached. Striped cucumber beetle (Acalymma vittata Fabricius) and spotted cucumber beetle (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi Barber) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) counts on yellow sticky cards were obtained over eight weekly samplings. For cucumber, on the peak beetle population date, there were six times as many striped cucumber beetles in solid black plastic mulch as in aluminum-coated plastic mulch, and nearly three times as many as in black plastic mulch with aluminum strips. For squash, both striped and spotted cucumber beetle counts were significantly higher on solid black plastic mulch on three peak sampling dates than on aluminum-coated plastic mulch and black plastic mulch with aluminum strips, with counts 4.9 to 5.5 times higher in solid black plastic mulch than in aluminum-coated plastic mulch, and 2.2 to 2.6 times higher than in black plastic mulch with aluminum strips. Using a threshold of 15 beetles/sticky card, no insecticidal applications were needed on solid aluminum-coated mulch, while an average of 1.8 insecticidal applications were needed on solid black plastic mulch, and 0.8 insecticidal applications on black plastic mulch with aluminum strips. The cost of solid black plastic mulch and its insecticidal applications, $186/acre ($459/ha), was $102/acre ($252/ha) less than the cost of aluminum-coated plastic mulch without insecticidal application, $288/acre ($711/ha). However, squash fruit from plants grown on aluminum-coated plastic mulch could be direct marketed as pesticide-free, at a price 25% higher than fruit on which pesticide had been applied. For an average yield in Virginia of 600 boxes/acre (1,482 boxes/ha) [20 lb/box (9 kg/box)] of squash, this translates to a $1,200/acre ($2,964/ha) increase in revenue. Yield on aluminum-coated plastic mulch was delayed by one week, but there were no significant differences in cumulative yield over 14 harvests.

A Trap Crop + Insecticide Approach for Cucumber Beetle Management

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark L. Gleason ◽  
Sara Jane Helland ◽  
Bernard J. Havlovic
Keyword(s):  
Trap Crop ◽  
Cucumber Beetle

scholarly journals Laboratory evaluations of a wild crucifer Barbarea vulgaris as a management tool for the diamondback moth Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)

2004 ◽  
Vol 94 (6) ◽  
pp. 509-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian-hua Lu ◽  
Shu-sheng Liu ◽  
A.M. Shelton
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Cabbage ◽  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Trap Crop ◽  
Barbarea Vulgaris ◽  
Dead End ◽  
Trap Cropping ◽  
Important Pest

AbstractThe term ‘dead-end trap cropping’ has recently been proposed to identify a plant that is highly attractive for oviposition by an insect pest, but on which offspring of the pest cannot survive. The potential of the wild crucifer Barbarea vulgaris R. Br. to allure and serve as a dead-end trap crop for the diamondback moth Plutella xylostella (L.), an important pest of cruciferous crops worldwide, was examined in laboratory experiments. When P. xylostella adults were provided with a dual-choice of plants of B. vulgaris, and Chinese cabbage Brassica campestris (L.), in one arena, adult moths laid 2.5–6.8 times more eggs on the former than on the latter. When P. xylostella adults were provided with a dual-choice of plants of B. vulgaris and common cabbage Brassica oleracea L., adult moths laid virtually all their eggs on the former and ignored the latter. Nearly all P. xylostella eggs laid on the three species of plants hatched successfully, but nearly all individuals on plants of B. vulgaris died as neonates or early instar larvae, while 87–100% of the larvae on Chinese cabbage and common cabbage survived to pupation. Dual choice tests with a Y-tube olfactometer showed that volatiles from B. vulgaris were much more attractive to P. xylostella adults than those from common cabbage. The results demonstrate that B. vulgaris has a great potential as a dead-end trap crop for improving management of P. xylostella. Factors that may influence the feasibility of using B. vulgaris as a trap crop in the field are discussed, and ways to utilize this plant are proposed.

Evaluation of Trap Cropping for Control of Diamondback Moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) in a Broccoli Production System

2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (4) ◽  
pp. 1864-1871
Author(s):  
S Sherbrooke ◽  
Y Carrière ◽  
J C Palumbo
Keyword(s):  
Plant Density ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Oviposition Preference ◽  
Indian Mustard ◽  
Trap Crop ◽  
Oviposition Choice ◽  
Trap Crops ◽  
Trap Cropping

Abstract Trap cropping, in which a trap crop is planted near a cash crop, has been used successfully for reducing pest damage in some agricultural systems. We used a meta-analysis of extensive data on two trap cropping systems, diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus), exploiting cabbage and Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) exploiting maize, to show that oviposition preference for, and high larval mortality on trap crops are important indicators of effectiveness of trap cropping systems. We then evaluated Indian mustard (Brassica juncea var. juncea L. Czern.) (Capparidales: Brassicaceae) and yellow rocket (Barbarea vulgaris W. T. Aiton) (Brassicales: Brassicaceae) as trap crops for protecting broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica Plenck) (Capparidales: Brassicaceae) against diamondback moth in Yuma, AZ, using planting configurations compatible with current practices for commercial production and without use of insecticides. In oviposition choice tests, both yellow rocket and Indian mustard were highly preferred over broccoli in the field. Furthermore, the number of larvae and pupae was significantly lower on yellow rocket and Indian mustard compared to broccoli, indicating relatively high mortality on these trap crops. Nevertheless, during the fall and spring growing seasons, no significant differences in the number of individuals on broccoli or proportion of broccoli crowns infested at harvest occurred between plots with trap crops relative to plots exclusively planted to broccoli. Thus, with the plant density and planting patterns used and without use of insecticides, there was no evidence that trap cropping was effective for reducing diamondback moth infestation of broccoli.

scholarly journals Major Lessons From Large-Scale Trap Cropping Demonstrations for Pest Reduction in Vegetables

2019 ◽  
Vol 112 (4) ◽  
pp. 298-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayanava Majumdar ◽  
Matthew Price
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Trap Crop ◽  
Trap Crops ◽  
Trap Cropping ◽  
Small Plot ◽  
Participatory Research Approach

Abstract Vegetable production in the Southeast is always at high risk from insect pests. Alternative integrated pest management (IPM) systems have to be effective in small plot as well as at the farming scale. This article explores the recent studies on large-scale trap crops using single or multiple cultivars and innovative layouts for long-term pest reduction. Trap crops must be planned carefully under high pest pressure and drought conditions along with an insecticide use strategy that minimizes external inputs and conserves natural enemies. Through participatory research approach, trap crop systems continue to evolve into practical solutions for the vegetable producers.

Evaluation of Trap Cropping and Biological Control Against Southern Corn Rootworm (Coleopetera: Chrysomelidae) in Peanuts

1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.E. Barbercheck ◽  
W.C. Warrick
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Corn Rootworm ◽  
Cucurbita Maxima ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Trap Crop ◽  
Diabrotica Undecimpunctata Howardi ◽  
Southern Corn Rootworm ◽  
Trap Cropping

Field trials to test the efficacy of trap cropping and biological control for the management of Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi Barber (Chrysomelidae: Luperini) in peanuts were conducted in 1992, 1993, and 1994. Cucurbita maxima Duchesne cv. ‘Blue Hubbard’ was used as a trap crop for adult beetles and the entomopathogenic nematodes, Steinernema carpocapse Weiser and Steinernema riobravis Cabanillas, Poinar and Raulston, were used as biological control agents against soil-inhabiting larvae. In 1992, peanut yields were highest in treatments that included a trap crop. Trap crop did not affect yield in 1993 or 1994. In 2 out of the 3 years, distribution of pod damage relative to the trap crop suggested that beetles oviposited more frequently in peanuts growing in the row next to the trap crop than in peanuts 3 rows from the trap crop. Although entomopathogenic nematodes persisted for a sufficient period to overlap with the presence of rootworms, they did not affect yield or pod damage in peanuts.

scholarly journals Evaluating legume species as alternative trap crops to chickpea for management of Helicoverpa spp. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in central Queensland cotton cropping systems

2004 ◽  
Vol 94 (6) ◽  
pp. 481-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.R. Grundy ◽  
R.V. Sequeira ◽  
K.S. Short
Keyword(s):  
Cicer Arietinum ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Cotton Production ◽  
Trap Crop ◽  
Production Region ◽  
Trap Crops ◽  
Trap Cropping ◽  
Blight Disease ◽  
High Level

AbstractMounting levels of insecticide resistance within Australian Helicoverpa spp. populations have resulted in the adoption of non-chemical IPM control practices such as trap cropping with chickpea, Cicer arietinum (L.). However, a new leaf blight disease affecting chickpea in Australia has the potential to limit its use as a trap crop. Therefore this paper evaluates the potential of a variety of winter-active legume crops for use as an alternative spring trap crop to chickpea as part of an effort to improve the area-wide management strategy for Helicoverpa spp. in central Queensland's cotton production region. The densities of Helicoverpa eggs and larvae were compared over three seasons on replicated plantings of chickpea, Cicer arietinum (L.), field pea Pisum sativum (L), vetch, Vicia sativa (L.) and faba bean, Vicia faba from the plants after oviposition. Plantings of field pea as a replacement trap crop for chickpea under commercial conditions confirmed the high level of attractiveness of this crop to ovipositing moths. The use of field pea as a trap crop as part of an area-wide management programme for Helicoverpa spp. is discussed.

scholarly journals 627 Using a Toxic Bait and a Trap Crop for the Control of Striped and Spotted Cucumber Beetles and Bacterial Wilt of Cucumbers

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 555D-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen M. Meyer ◽  
Greg L. Davis ◽  
James R. Steadman
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
Direct Application ◽  
Plant Metabolites ◽  
Trap Crop ◽  
Erwinia Tracheiphila ◽  
Secondary Plant Metabolites ◽  
Cucumber Beetles ◽  
Trap Plants

The toxic bait, Adios, was tested with the use of a trap crop in a field experiment at the Univ. of Nebraska during Summer 1998. The insecticide contains the secondary plant metabolites known as cucurbitacins that are highly attractive to the striped and spotted cucumber beetles, Acalymma vittatum and Diabrotica undecimuncata howardi, respectively. These beetles serve as the vector of the bacterial pathogen, Erwinia tracheiphila, which causes severe wilting and eventual death of susceptible cucurbits. The objective of the study was to determine whether treatments of Adios, when applied to a flowering trap crop of resistant squash plants, would lure the cucumber beetles away from the susceptible cucumber plants and reduce bacterial wilt. The study compared the effectiveness of a sprayed trap crop, the direct application of Adios to the cucumber plants and no treatment in a randomized complete-block design. A greater number of beetles were attracted to the sprayed and untreated cucumbers compared to the cucumbers surrounded by the treated trap plants. However, significant numbers of dead beetles were found near the sprayed cucumber plants. Untreated plants showed more feeding damage, diminished fruit quality, and an earlier observation date of wilt symptoms as compared to the other treatments. The treated trap plants and the direct application of Adios were effective in delaying infection in cucumbers compared to the untreated plants in the experimental plots. This treatment may be useful to home gardeners.

scholarly journals Preferences of the wheat bug (Nysius huttoni) for particular growth stages of the potential trap crop, alyssum (Lobularia maritima)

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 ◽  
pp. 237-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sundar Tiwari ◽  
David J. Saville ◽  
Stephen D. Wratten
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Stage ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Trap Crop ◽  
Relative Preference ◽  
Choice Tests ◽  
Trap Cropping ◽  
Potential Trap ◽  
Lobularia Maritima ◽  
Almost All

The New Zealand endemic wheat bug, Nysius huttoni (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae), is a pest of brassica seedlings. However, it has a wide host range comprising almost all cultivated brassicas, cereals and many other cultivated crops, as well as weeds. The brassica alyssum (Lobularia maritima) is a potential trap crop of N. huttoni, having the potential to keep the bugs away from seedlings. Laboratory no-choice and choice tests evaluated the relative preference of N. huttoni for two major growth stages of alyssum – vegetative and flowering. In both bioassays, N. huttoni adults settled significantly more promptly on the flowering than on the vegetative stage. The same preference was evident for adult numbers settling. Survival was higher on the flowering (38%) than on the vegetative stage (28%), although this was not significant. The implications of these findings are important in the design of trap cropping protocols for N. huttoni management. Flowering alyssum in brassica fields can also potentially improve pest biological control and provide other ecosystem services that can contribute to mitigating diminished ecosystem functions in agriculture.

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