scholarly journals 630 Growth Regulators Affect the Morphology and Flowering of Argyranthemum, Calibrachoa, and Orthosiphon

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 506B-506
Author(s):  
Hope K. Onken ◽  
Terri W. Starman
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Internode Length ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Internode Elongation ◽  
Flower Number ◽  
Node Number ◽  
New Crops ◽  
Pedicle Length ◽  
Plant Form

Argyranthemum frutescens `Sugar Baby', Calibrachoa hybrid `Million Bells Cherry Pink', and Orthosiphon stamineus `Lavender' are three vegetatively propagated specialty annuals that are recent introductions into the floriculture industry. It is important to understand how the growth and development of these new crops is best controlled. Rooted cuttings of these three species where transplanted into 10-cm pots on 7 Oct. and the plant growth regulator treatments were applied on 19 Oct. 1999. Foliar spray treatments included ancymidol at 66 and 132, daminozide at 2500 and 5000, paclobutrazol at 20 and 40, ethephon at 500 and 1000, and uniconazole at 10 and 20 mg/L. Uniconazole medium drench treatment was applied at 1 and 2 mg/L. Control was a water foliar spray. At harvest, plant height, plant width, number of flowers, pedicle length, stem length, stem node number and internode length, and fresh and dry weights were measured. Uniconazole spray at 20 mg/L reduced plant height and width without affecting the fresh and dry weights of Argyranthemum. Flower number was increased and pedicel length was reduced. The overall plant height and width of Calibrachoa were not reduced with 20 mg /L uniconazole foliar spray, but plant form was improved by decreased internode elongation. Uniconazole foliar spray at 20 mg/L reduced Orthosiphon stem and internode length. Ethephon reduced plant height, plant width, and flower number of all species. Branching and days to flower were increased in Orthosiphon. In all species, daminozide and paclobutrazol were found to be ineffective, while ancymidol spray and uniconazole drench stunted and distorted growth.

scholarly journals Controlling Height with Temperature

1998 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 535-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Berghage
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Formation Rate ◽  
Internode Length ◽  
Temperature Management ◽  
Night Temperature ◽  
Greenhouse Production ◽  
Node Number ◽  
Height Control ◽  
Average Temperature

Temperature management has emerged as an important tool for plant height control in greenhouse production systems. This is particularly important in vegetable transplant production where chemical controls for plant height are limited or not legal. Plant height is a function of the number of nodes and the length of each internode, and both are strongly influenced by greenhouse temperatures. Node number, or formation rate, is primarily a function of the average greenhouse temperature, increasing as the average temperature increases. Internode length is strongly influenced by the relationship between the day and night temperature, commonly referred to as DIF (day temperature - night temperature). As DIF increases, so does internode length in most plant species studied. Although the nature and magnitude of temperature effects vary with species, cultivar, and environmental conditions, these two basic responses can be used to modify transplant growth. Although data are limited, controlling transplant height with temperature does not appear to adversely influence plant establishment or subsequent yield.

scholarly journals Lisianthus Growth and Flowering Responses to Uniconazole

HortScience ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 150-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terri Woods Starman
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Flower Size ◽  
Flower Number ◽  
Eustoma Grandiflorum ◽  
Height Control ◽  
Foliar Sprays ◽  
Potted Plant ◽  
Butanedioic Acid ◽  
Time Of Harvest

One and two foliar spray and single-drench applications of uniconazole were applied to Eustoma grandiflorum (Raf.) Shinn (lisianthus) `Yodel Blue' to determine optimal concentrations for potted plant height control. A single uniconazole spray at 10.0 mg·liter-1 applied 2 weeks after pinching, two uniconazole applications at 5.0 mg·liter -1 applied 2 and 3 weeks after pinching, or a drench at 1.60 mg a.i. per pot applied 2 weeks after pinching gave equally good height control. At these concentrations, uniconazole was similar in its effect on plant height to daminozide foliar sprays at 7500 and 2500 mg·liter-l applied once and twice, respectively. Drenching with uniconazole at 1.60 mg a.i. per pot did not increase days to flower (DTF), whereas foliar spray applications did. Drenching did not reduce flower size, but increased flower number at time of harvest. Chemical names used: α-cyclopropyl-α-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-pyrimidinemethanol (ancymidol); butanedioic acid mono(2,2-dimethylhydrazide) (daminozide);(E)-(S)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-pent-1-ene-3-01 (uniconazole).

scholarly journals Evaluation of Carnation Cultivars; and Nitrogen and Indole Acetic Acid for Their Growth, Yield and Quality in Khumaltar, Nepal

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Amar Bahadur Pun Magar
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Research Division ◽  
Flower Yield ◽  
Stem Straightness ◽  
Flower Stem

Carnation is an important cut flower in Nepal. Several cultivars imported from abroad are being adopted for their commercial production. However, the performance of these cultivars in  the specific agro-climate has not yet determined. Thus, study aimed to evaluate the performance  of common cultivars, including mineral nutrition and IAA hormone on the plant growth and flowering. The study was carried out in Horticulture Research Division, Khumaltar, Nepal during 2012 and 2013. Four cultivars: King Lion, Delson, Eskimo and White Liberty including nitrogen and foliar application of IAA were evaluated for plant growth and floral characteristics. The experiment was held in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications.Based on the results, cultivar King Lion had significantly highest plant height (20.66 cm),  while cultivar Eskimo had the highest flower stem length (53.59 cm) and stem diameter (5.63 cm) followed by Delson (51.66 cm). The lower flower stems lengths of cultivars: White Liberty (42.48 cm) and King Lion (43.87 cm) were at par. The effect of mineral nutrition and hormone on plant height, flower stem length and flower head diameter was non-significant, however, IAA 25 ppm foliar spray was found superior over N 40 g/m2 and IAA 50 ppm applications. Thus, Eskimo is recommended as the excellent cultivar for its bigger flower stem, straightness and attractive flower looking, while cultivars; Delson and White Liberty as promising for higher flower yield. Similarly, soil application of nitrogen @ 40 g/m2 and foliar spray of auxin @ 25 ppm are recommended for higher flower yield.

scholarly journals 629 Influence of Plant Growth Regulator Chemicals, on the Growth and Development of Angelonia angustifolia `Blue Pacific', Asteriscus maritimus `Compact Gold Coin', and Heliotropium aborescens `Fragrant Delight'

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 506A-506
Author(s):  
Amy Lynn Bartel ◽  
Terri W. Starman
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Plant Growth Regulator ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Flower Number ◽  
Gold Coin ◽  
Node Number ◽  
Total Plant ◽  
Plastic Containers ◽  
Control Water

Angelonia angustifolia `Blue Pacific', Asteriscus maritimus `Compact Gold Coin', and Heliotropium aborescens `Fragrant Delight' are three vegetatively propagated species of annuals. The objective of this study was to find which plant growth regulator chemicals could be used to control height and produce compact, well-branched, flowering plants. The plants arrived as rooted plugs and were transplanted to 10-cm plastic containers. When the roots of the transplanted plugs reached the edge of their containers, 15 days after transplanting, the plant growth regulator chemicals were applied. Five different chemicals were used in spray applications at two rates measured in mg/L: ancymidol at 66 and 132; daminozide at 2500 and 5000; paclobutrazol at 20 and 40; ethephon at 500 and1000; and uniconazole at 10 and 20. One drench application of uniconazole at 1 and 2 mg/L and one control (water spray) were also used. Total plant height, plant width, flower number, node number, stem length, internode length, and numbers of days to visible bud were recorded. Ancymidol at both rates caused stunting and flower distortion in asteriscus; however, it was not effective on angelonia or heliotrope. Paclobutrazol and uniconazole sprays were ineffective in controlling height on all three species. Ethephon at both rates was effective in controlling height, and producing well-branched plants in all three species, yet it caused a delay in flowering. Uniconazole drench at both rates was also effective in controlling height but caused stunting. In general, daminozide at 5000 mg/L was most effective in controlling foliage height without a delay in flowering or decrease in flower size or number in all three species.

scholarly journals 294 Quantifying the Effect of Application Date of Paclobutrazol Drenches on Poinsettia Stem Elongation and Bract Size

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 493B-493
Author(s):  
Pamela Korczynski ◽  
James E. Faust ◽  
Robert Klein
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Internode Length ◽  
Node Number ◽  
Application Date

Paclobutrazol drenches (1 ppm, 118.4 mL per pot) were applied to Poinsettia `Freedom' Red' on 1, 11, 21, and 31 Oct. in 1997 and 1998. Plant heights were recorded twice weekly throughout the experiment, and internode length and bract area were measured at harvest. The total bract area of the three true bracts and the top three transitional bracts was reduced by 5.8%, 13.6%, 4.2%, and 2.3% for the 1, 11, 21, and 31 Oct. application dates, respectively; however, all plants were highly marketable. At the time of each drench application, the most newly unfolded leaf was marked. The internode lengths for the three internodes below this leaf and the internodes that developed after the drench application were typically between 5 and 10 mm in length, while the internode lengths of the control plants were typically 10 to 25 mm, depending on node number. Plant height increased 62, 51, 47 and 19 mm following application on the 1, 11, 21, and 31 Oct. application dates, respectively. The 1, 11, 21, and 31 Oct. drench applications reduced total stem elongation from 1 Oct. to anthesis by 64%, 49%, 28%, and 15%, respectively. Paclobutrazol drenches did not affect time to anthesis.

scholarly journals Study on the Regulatory Effects of GA3 on Soybean Internode Elongation

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1737
Author(s):  
Fuxin Shan ◽  
Rui Zhang ◽  
Jin Zhang ◽  
Chang Wang ◽  
Xiaochen Lyu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Apical Meristem ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Internode Length ◽  
Internode Elongation ◽  
Primary Xylem ◽  
Dwarf Cultivar ◽  
Leaves And Roots ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
Regulatory Effects

Excessive plant height is an important factor that can lead to lodging, which is closely related to soybean yield. Gibberellins are widely used as plant growth regulators in agricultural production. Gibberellic acid (GA3), one of the most effective active gibberellins, has been used to regulate plant height and increase yields. The mechanism through which GA3 regulates internode elongation has been extensively investigated. In 2019 and 2020, we applied GA3 to the stems, leaves, and roots of two soybean cultivars, Heinong 48 (a high-stalk cultivar) and Henong 60 (a dwarf cultivar), and GA3 was also applied to plants whose apical meristem was removed or to girded plants to compare the internode length and stem GA3 content of soybean plants under different treatments. These results suggested that the application of GA3 to the stems, leaves, and roots of soybean increased the internode length and GA3 content in the stems. Application of GA3 decreased the proportion of the pith in the soybean stems and primary xylem while increasing the proportion of secondary xylem. The apical meristem is an important site of GA3 synthesis in soybean stems and is involved in the regulation of stem elongation. GA3 was shown to be transported acropetally through the xylem and laterally between the xylem and phloem in soybean stems. We conclude that the GA3 level in stems is an important factor affecting internode elongation.

scholarly journals Growth and Flowering Responses of Lupinus varius L. to Paclobutrazol

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 1659-1663 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osman Karaguzel ◽  
Ibrahim Baktir ◽  
Sadik Cakmakci ◽  
Veli Ortacesme
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Branch Length ◽  
Growth Characteristics ◽  
Internode Length ◽  
River Sand ◽  
Number Of Branches

The effects of method of application and dose of paclobutrazol on the growth and flowering characteristics of Lupinus varius L. were studied. On 17 Dec., seeds were sown into 18-cm pots (three seeds per pot) filled with a mixture consisting of 2 peat: 1 river sand (by volume). On 25 Mar., when 5% of the plants had elongated first internodes, doses of paclobutrazol at 0 (control), 0.625, 1.250, and 2.500 mg a.i./plant were applied to plants as a foliar spray or media drench. The application of paclobutrazol led to a slight shortening of the time to flowering, especially when applied as a foliar spray. Plant height and internode length, length, and internode length of the main inflorescence significantly decreased with increased doses of paclobutrazol and this also happened with the number of branches per plant, branch length, and length and internode length of branch inflorescence. On the contrary, stem, main, and branch inflorescence diameters significantly increased with increased doses of paclobutrazol, whether applied as a foliar spray or media drench. However, drench applications of paclobutrazol were consistently more effective than foliar spray treatments on most of the growth characteristics investigated. Paclobutrazol, in particular when applied as a foliar spray, also increased the number of flowers on main and branch inflorescences relative to the control, but media drenched applications of paclobutrazol at doses of 1.250 and 2.500 mg a.i./plant resulted in consistent significant reductions in the number of flowers on branch inflorescences. Chemical name used: (±)-(R*,R*)-β[(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]-α-(1,1-dimethyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-ethanol (paclobutrazol).

scholarly journals Interactive Effects of Nitrogen and Sulfur Nutrition on Growth, Development, and Physiology of Brassica carinata A. Braun and Brassica napus L.

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 7355
Author(s):  
Shivendra Kumar ◽  
Ramdeo Seepaul ◽  
Ian M. Small ◽  
Sheeja George ◽  
George Kelly O’Brien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Transport ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigments ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Brassica Carinata ◽  
Internode Length ◽  
Erucic Acid Content ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Node Number ◽  
S 100

Brassica carinata (carinata) has emerged as a potential biofuel source due to its high erucic acid content, making it desirable for various industrial applications. Nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) are required as primary sources of nutrition for growth and development in different oilseed crops and their utilization is interdependent. The purpose of the study was to analyze the interactive effect of N and S nutrition on the growth and other physiological activities of carinata and B. napus (napus). Four treatments, i.e., optimum NS (+N+S, 100% N and 100% S); N limited (−N+S, 0% N, 100% S); S limited (+N−S, 100% N, 0% S), and NS limited (−N−S, 0% N and 0% S) of N and S in full-strength Hoagland solution were imposed in the current study. Effect of different NS treatments was observed on vegetative traits such as number of primary and secondary branches, total leaf area, total biomass production and allocation, and physiological traits such as production of photosynthetic pigments, net photosynthesis, electron transport, and other aspects for both carinata and napus. The traits of stem elongation, number of nodes, node addition rate, internode length, number of primary and secondary branches were 60%, 36%, 50%, 35%, 56%, and 83% lower, respectively, in napus in comparison to carinata. Different NS treatments also positively influenced the production of photosynthetic pigments such as chlorophyll (Chl) a and b and carotenoids in carinata and napus. The concentration of Chla was 11% higher in napus in comparison to carinata. The rate of net photosynthesis, electron transport, and fluorescence was 12%, 8%, and 5% higher based on overall value, respectively, in napus compared to carinata. On the other hand, the overall value for stomatal conductance decreased by 5% in napus when compared to carinata. Different growth-related traits such as vegetative (plant height, node number, internode length, leaf area, number of primary and secondary branches), reproductive (pod number, pod length, seeds per pod), and photosynthetic capacity in oilseed brassicas are correlated with the final seed and oil yield and chemical composition which are of economic importance for the adoption of the crop. Thus, the analysis of these traits will help to determine the effect of NS interaction on crop productivity of carinata and napus.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Chlorimuron as a Growth Regulator for Peanut

1995 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wayne E. Mitchem ◽  
Alan C. York ◽  
Roger B. Batts
Keyword(s):  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Lateral Branch ◽  
Internode Length ◽  
Main Stem ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Vine Growth

Abstract Chlorimuron was evaluated as a growth regulator on peanut. Treatments included chlorimuron at a total of 8.8 g ai/ha applied once at 60,75, or 90 d after emergence (DAE) or in equal portions applied twice at 60 and 75, 60 and 90, or 75 and 90 DAE or three times at 60, 75, and 90 DAE. Daminozide at 950 g ai/ha applied 75 DAE was included as a comparison. In a year with excessive vine growth, daminozide and all chlorimuron treatments except 8.8 g/ha applied 90 DAE reduced cotyledonary lateral branch and main stem length at harvest 9 to 20 and 12 to 24%, respectively, due to suppression of internode length. Sequential applications of chlorimuron generally suppressed growth more than single applications. No improvement in row visibility at harvest was noted. In a dry year with limited vegetative growth, neither chlorimuron nor daminozide affected cotyledonary lateral branch or main stem length at harvest. Chlorimuron at 2.9 g/ha applied 60, 75, and 90 DAE reduced yield 18% at one of four locations; no other treatment affected yield. Chlorimuron at 8.8 g/ha applied 60 DAE or 4.4 g/ha applied 60 and 75 DAE reduced the percentage of fancy pods and extra large kernels at one or more locations. No treatment affected the percentage of total sound mature kernels. Results suggest chlorimuron has little to no potential for use as a growth regulator.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document