Gary North: a critique

In this paper I take Gary North to task for several errors in his recent writings. In section II I address North (2012a). Section III is devoted to a critique of North (2012b). The purpose of section IV is to explore the propriety of criticizing a fellow Austrian-libertarian, with whom I am in agreement in probably 99% of all issues in political economy. I conclude in section V. North (2012a) is a very, very good essay on behalf of using gold as money. Entitled «Economists vs. the Gold Coin Standard,» it is an utter intellectual annihilation of the mainstream economics profession on this vitally important question. However, in the course of his essay, he makes several relatively minor mistakes. But, before I get to them, let me say that I regard them as only minor errors in an otherwise excellent, no, make that magnificent piece. This author explains in great detail why most mainstream economists think a full gold (coin) standard will lead to economic disarray. He also unearths in great detail the evils of the fed in suborning most mainstream money-macro economists.

A Celtic gold stater from the vicinity of Radoboj (Croatia)

Around 1840, a gold coin was discovered near Radoboj (northwestern Croatia), a Celtic imitation of a gold stater of Alexander III of type Athena/Nike. In 2019, during archaeological excavation of the Roman temple at Frauenberg, near Leibnitz (Austria), two imitations of staters of the same type were excavated. Of these, one coin was minted with the same dies for obverse and reverse as the coin from Radoboj, which undoubtedly testifies to minting in the same mint. In the area of north-western Croatia and eastern Slovenia, four other Athena/Nike staters can be documented at four other sites. To date, 83 Athena/Nike imitations have been discovered in Central Europe, of which 32 coins originate from 26 sites. Seven coins from six sites in the area south of the middle course of the Mura and Drava rivers therefore significantly complement the current record of finds of these earliest Celtic coin finds in Central Europe. At the same time, it proves that the minting of this group of imitations can be attributed to the local Celtic tribes sometime in the middle of the 3rd century BC.

A gold coin of the Roman emperor Anthemius (467 – 472 AD) from Črnomelj

During construction work in the centre of Črnomelj in 2019, archaeologists discovered a gold coin from the period of Late Antiquity. This tremissis of the Roman emperor Anthemius was minted in Rome 467–472. It has two special features: a lower weight than the average for tremisses, and grafitti on the reverse of the coin. The great variety of the types and quantities of the minted solidi of Anthemius is partially reflected in the hoard finds discovered in Italy and northern Europe. In terms of the published coins, it can be established that there are few single finds of the coins of Anthemius, and among them tremisses are especially rare. Investigation of the distribution of single-coin finds outside and inside the Empire has shown that tremisses of Anthemius are very rare. The monetary circulation on the territory of presentday Slovenia in the second half of the 5th century almost ceased, and the small number of coins could well indicate a transition to a barter system. Gold coins otherwise predominate in the circulation; they must be connected, most probably, either to the military or to the work of the provincial administration.

Commerce after Money

This chapter addresses the extractive logic of the poet Edward Young. It shows how his late masterpiece Night Thoughts at once extends and complicates the imperialism of his earlier work. At the heart of the analysis is Young’s notion that movement somehow generates depth, so that the mobility of a gold coin produces inner value, immaterial worth ready to be drawn out by its user. The treasure, on Young’s strange view, lies within the gold. Night Thoughts applies this thinking to the spiritual realm. Instead of assuming that it is God who extracts souls from bodies—as workers remove ore from mines—the poem suggests that souls can extract themselves from materiality through religious and poetic inspiration. Then they can delve into the interiorities of other angelic beings and exchange thoughts and feelings with them. Closing the chapter are a comparison to Charles Johnstone’s popular it-narrative Chrysal (1760–5) and a reading of Ignatius Sancho’s gushing praise for Night Thoughts.

Rancang Bangun Game Manik Angkeran Berbasis Android Pada Tahap Level Poin Pertama

This research is the next stage of the previous research entitled Development of the Awakening Bead Figure for Interactive Game Media The Story of the Separation of Java and Bali Based on Android. A problem where as the times and technology develop, folklore begins to be forgotten. To attract children's interest, an interactive folklore game media was made based on Android. In previous studies, the design of all characters from Manik Angkeran was carried out. Whereas in this advanced research, it will be designed and built level by level from Manik Angkeran Game. Where at each level of the game, Manik Angkeran characters will face different giants. Manik Angkeran must defeat the giants in order to proceed to the next level. Every time you fight a giant, Manik Angkeran will get a gold coin (pis bolong mas). Where later, these coins can be used to buy building materials, which will be used to build a dormitory (pesraman). The final goal of this game is to battle the figure of Manik Angkeran to get the golden Dragon Basukih. The opposing giants of Manik Angkeran are taken from the symbols in the semiotics of images which give an impression of the psychology of human life which includes, greed (Pig), greed and anger (Giant). At the level of this game, what I want to say is that things related to greed, greed and selfishness can be easily defeated

PENGARUH KESELAMATAN KERJA DAN LINGKUNGAN KERJA FISIK TERHADAP MOTIVASI KERJA KARYAWAN PABRIK PAKAN TERNAK PT. GOLD COIN INDONESIA MEDAN

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Pengaruh Keselamatan Kerja dan Lingkungan Kerja Fisik Terhadap Motivasi Kerja Karyawan PT Gold Coin Indonesia Medan. Penelitian ini dilakukan di PT Gold Coin Indonesia Medan dengan populasi 120 orang. Pengambilan sampel didasarkan pada rumus Slovin, sehingga sampel yang diperoleh dan digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah 92 orang. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah melalui angket (angket) yaitu dengan membagikan angket kepada sampel (responden) dan mengumpulkannya kembali. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah Regresi Linier Berganda dengan menggunakan rumus Y = a + b1 X1 + b2 X2 + e. Pertama, menguji keterkaitan antar variabel dengan menggunakan uji normalitas data, multikolinearitas, dan heterokedastisitas. Dan untuk mengetahui kontribusi faktor keselamatan kerja dan lingkungan kerja fisik terhadap motivasi kerja karyawan digunakan uji Determinasi Koefisien. Setelah kuesioner dianalisis maka diperoleh persamaan regresi Y = 10.026 + 0,314 X1 + 0,276 X2 yang artinya jika keselamatan kerja dan lingkungan kerja fisik di kondisi konstan maka motivasi kerja karyawan adalah sebesar 10.026. Selanjutnya nilai koefisien determinasi adalah 0,112 (11,2%) yang berarti bahwa variabel keselamatan dan lingkungan kerja fisik memberikan kontribusi sebesar 11,2% dalam menjelaskan variabel motivasi kerja dan sisanya dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain di luar variabel dalam hal ini. penelitian. Untuk menguji hipotesis dalam penelitian ini digunakan uji F dimana keputusan F hitung> F tabel. F_table diperoleh dengan df1 = k-1; Df2 N-k (2; 89) dan diperoleh nilai 3,10. Dan hasil akhir diperoleh nilai F_hitung 5,622 lebih besar dari F_table 3,10, dengan tingkat signifikan 0,005 <0,05. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada pengaruh positif dan signifikan antara keselamatan kerja dan lingkungan kerja fisik terhadap motivasi kerja karyawan pabrik pakan ternak PT Gold Coin Indonesia Medan. Kata Kunci : Keselamatan Kerja, Lingkungan Kerja Fisik, Motivasi Kerja Karyawan

For Whom the Coin Tolls: Green Stained Teeth and Jaws In Medieval and Post-Medieval Spanish Burials

While observing dental characteristicsin Spanish and Basque skeletons from the Cathedralof Santa Maria in Vitoria, Spain, an unusual patternof staining was evident in 18 of 206 individuals. Thestain, which permeated bone, dentine, calculus, and/orenamel, varied in color from bright green to turquoise.Males and females, all age categories, and medieval andpost-medieval skeletons were equally affected. The greenstain was the result of an ancient practice going back toGreek times that involved placing a silver or gold coin(obol) in the mouth of the deceased prior to burial forthe purpose of paying the boatman (Charon) for passageacross the river of woe (Acheron). In Spain, bronze coinssubstituted for silver and gold. The copper componentof the bronze reacted with the acidic environment causedby decomposition creating basic copper carbonate. Thecopper carbonate then seeped into the porous spacesof the bones and teeth or replaced the mineral portionof the bone. The duration of this practice providesevidence that a seemingly ‘pagan’ ritual was preservedlong after Christianity spread throughout Spain.

PERANCANGAN KONSEP DISTRIBUTION RESOURCE PLANNING (DRP) DALAM MENDUKUNG SISTEM SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT (SCM) PADA PT. XYZ

PT. Gold Coin Indonesia-Medan merupakan perusahaan yang bergerak dalam industri pakan ternakmemiliki rantai distribusi dari Central Supply Facilities (CSF) di Medan ke Distribution Center (DC) yangberada di Aceh, Sumatera Utara, Sumatera Barat dan Riau serta Kepulauan Riau. Proses pendistribusianmengalami kendala dalam proyeksi permintaan pada masing-masing DC pada masa yang akan datang sebabmasih cenderung menggunakan metode estimasi dan trial and error. Hal ini menyebabkan terjadinyaketerlambatan pengiriman dan kekurangan jumlah produk pada DC sehingga tidak terpenuhinya permintaanpelanggan. Manajemen rantai pasok (Supply Chain Management) yang ada tidak berjalan lancar karenamengalami kendala pada rantai pasok manufaktur dan distribusi tersebut. Oleh karena itu, penulis mengambiljudul penelitian “Perancangan Konsep Distribution Resource Planning (DRP) Dalam Mendukung Sistem SupplyChain Management (SCM) Pada PT. Gold Coin Indonesia – Medan.”Penyelesaian permasalahan pendistribusiandilakukan dengan melakukan peramalan (forecasting) data permintaan pada setiap DC, melakukan perhitunganorder quantity, perhitungan frekuensi pemesanan, perhitungan safety stock, dan penyusunan DRP worksheet.Konsep DRP memberikan aliran produk dari CSF ke setiap DC pada waktu dan jumlah yang sudah terintegrasi,sehingga dapat menjaga kelancaran pengiriman produk dalam memenuhi kebutuhan atau permintaan sertameningkatkan pelayanan terhadap pelanggan melalui perencanaan pendistribusian yang memproyeksikankebutuhan yang akan datang sehingga dapat mengurangi stock out. Penggunaan Distribution Resource Planning(DRP) menyebakan penurunan biaya distribusi sebesar Rp. 58,443,442;- atau 10 % dari kondisi aktualperusahaan selama ini. Perhitungan safety stock dilakukan sebagai acuan pemesanan kembali pada masingmasingDC. Hasil perhitungan safety stock untuk masing-masing DC adalah DC 1 sebanyak 46 ton, DC 2sebanyak 58 ton, DC 3 sebanyak 58 ton, dan DC 4 sebanyak 120 ton. Sedangkan untuk order quantity yangdiperoleh untuk masing-masing DC adalah DC 1 sebanyak 852 ton, DC 2 sebanyak 504 ton, DC 3 sebanyak 470ton, dan DC 4 sebanyak 360 ton. Dengan jumlah pemesanan sebagai berikut Jumlah pemesanan untuk masingmasingDC selama 13 periode yaitu DC 1 sebanyak 4 kali, DC 2 sebanyak 4 kali, DC 3 sebanyak 4 kali, dan DC4 sebanyak 8 kali. Hal ini dapat meminimalkan biaya distribusi.