scholarly journals Prohexadione-Ca and Ethephon Reduce Shoot Growth and Increase Flowering in Young, Vigorous Sweet Cherry Trees

HortScience ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Don C. Elfving ◽  
Gregory A. Lang ◽  
Dwayne B. Visser
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Previous Season ◽  
Flower Bud Formation ◽  
Terminal Shoot ◽  
Cherry Trees

Prohexadione-Ca (P-Ca) and ethephon (ETH) were evaluated as potential inhibitors of growth and promoters of early flowering for high density orchard management of sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) trees on vigorous rootstocks. Single applications (P-Ca at 125 to 250 mg·L-1 active ingredient (a.i.) or ETH at 175 to 200 mg·L-1 a.i.) to young, nonfruiting sweet cherry trees produced short-term, generally transient reductions in terminal shoot elongation, and did not stimulate flower bud formation. Tank-mix applications (P-Ca + ETH) usually produced a stronger, possibly synergistic, reduction in shoot growth rate. Single tank-mix applications either increased subsequent flower bud density on previous season shoots or had no effect; when a second application was made three weeks later to the same trees, subsequent flower bud density on previous season shoots and spurs on older wood increased ≈3-fold over untreated trees. Yield efficiency (g·cm2 trunk cross-sectional area) also increased nearly 3-fold. Chemical names used: (2-chloroethyl) phosphonic acid (ethephon); calcium 3-oxido-4-propionyl-5-oxo-3-cyclohexene carboxylate (prohexadione-Ca); polyoxyethylene polypropoxypropanol, dihydroxypropane, 2-butoxyethanol (Regulaid); aliphatic polycarboxylate, calcium (Tri-Fol).

scholarly journals Tree growth characteristics and flower bud differentiation of sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) under different climate conditions in China

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 6-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Li ◽  
Z. Xie ◽  
A. Zhang ◽  
W. Xu ◽  
C. Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Climatic Zone ◽  
Monsoon Climate ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Sweet Cherries ◽  
Flower Bud Differentiation ◽  
Subtropical Monsoon Climate

The phenological stages, flower characteristics, shoot growth and flower bud differentiation of sweet cherries, cv. Hongdeng and Van, were investigated in different climatic zones in China, subtropical monsoon climatic zone (Shanghai, 31°14'N, 121°29'E) and temperate climatic zone (Qingdao, 37°09'N, 121°20'E). Sweet cherry trees grown in subtropical monsoon climatic zone had earlier phenological stage and longer blooming duration than those grown in temperate climatic zone. Fruit growth periods of Hongdeng and Van in Qingdao were 38 days and 51 days, respectively, but only 29 days and 45 days in Shanghai. Both cultivars showed more abnormal flowers under subtropical monsoon climate. The percentage of fruit set under open pollination in Hongdeng and Van were 31% and 24% in Qingdao, respectively, but only 0.4% and 3.2% in Shanghai. The trees grew more vigorous in Shanghai; flower bud differentiation was delayed by high temperature and superabundant rainfall in subtropical monsoon climate zone and more easily affected by the overlap of current shoot growth.

scholarly journals 320 REPRODUCTIVE DEVELOPMENT AND FRUIT QUALITY OF SWEET CHERRY

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 476c-476
Author(s):  
Preston K. Andrews ◽  
Margaret L. Collier
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Fruit Development ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Flower Primordia ◽  
Previous Season ◽  
Bloom Date

Variability in maturity and quality of sweet cherry (Prunus avium L. `Bing') fruit at harvest is a major limitation to the crop's storage and marketing potential. Later blooming flowers resulted in poorer fruit quality Differences in bloom date were related to differences in flower primordial development during winter. Vigorous shoots grown in the previous season produced fewer flower buds per length of shoot than did shorter, less vigorous shoots, resulting in larger flower primordia on vigorous shoots, The effects on primordial and fruit development of altered leaf areas per flower bud the previous summer were examined. A decrease in leaf area per bud during summer reduced primordium size in mid-winter. Dormant flower primordia of 6-yr-old `Bing' trees on precocious `Giessen' rootstock, Gil48/1, were larger than those with `Mazzard' as rootstock. Flower primordia on dwarfing Gil48/8 rootstock were intermediate in size. Differences in primordial development and bloom date, whether due to management practices or rootstock, may affect fruit development and contribute to variability in fruit maturity and quality.

scholarly journals Partitioning of Above-ground Dry Matter in `Lambert' Sweet Cherry Trees With or Without Fruit

1991 ◽  
Vol 116 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Kappel
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Leaf Fall ◽  
Fruit Harvest ◽  
Cherry Trees

The effect of fruit on shoot growth, leaf area, and on dry weight (DW) partitioning into leaves, fruit, trunk, and branch sections was investigated using 7-year-old `Lambert' sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) trees. Dormant trees were sampled in the spring, and fruiting and deblossomed trees were sampled and compared at fruit harvest and just before leaf fall. Fruiting reduced shoot growth, leaf area, and above-ground DW accumulation of the trees. The annual above-ground DW accumulated was 13.4 kg for fruiting trees and 16.0 kg for nonfruiting trees. The greatest proportion of above-ground DW was partitioned to wood, whereas the least was partitioned to fruit. Current-season's growth (wood and leaves) appears to be a greater sink for photosynthates than is fruit because a greater proportion of above-ground DW was partitioned to current-season's growth than to fruit.

scholarly journals Summer Pruning Young `Sweetheart' Sweet Cherry Trees Affects Yield and Tree Size

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 1034-1036 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Kappel ◽  
Michel Bouthillier ◽  
Rob Brownlee
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Tree Size ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cumulative Yield ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Current Season ◽  
Postharvest Treatment ◽  
Fruit Mass ◽  
Cherry Trees

`Sweetheart' sweet cherry trees (Prunus avium L.) were summer-pruned for four summers (1991-94) either before or after harvest and at two levels, removing 1/3 or 2/3 of current-season growth by heading cuts. In an additional postharvest treatment, some current-season growth was removed by thinning cuts. The preharvest 1/3 treatment had the highest cumulative yield during the experiment. Higher yields were obtained following preharvest than postharvest treatments, and following less severe treatments (removing 1/3 of current-season growth) than more severe (removing 2/3) treatments. These increased yields were for the early stages of orchard production. Average fruit mass was not affected by any of the treatments. The summer-pruned trees had smaller trunk cross-sectional area (TCSA) increments over the trial and their final TCSA was smaller than that of the control trees.

scholarly journals Timing and Severity of Summer Pruning Affects Flower Initiation and Shoot Regrowth in Sweet Cherry

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 647-649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte M. Guimond ◽  
Gregory A. Lang ◽  
Preston K. Andrews
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Flower Initiation ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Lateral Shoot ◽  
Current Season ◽  
Bud Formation ◽  
Lateral Shoots ◽  
Flower Bud Formation

To examine the effect of timing and severity of summer pruning on flower bud initiation and vegetative growth, 4-year-old `Bing' cherry trees (Prunus avium L.) were pruned at 31, 34, 37, 38, or 45 days after full bloom (DAFB) with heading cuts 20 cm from the base of current-season lateral shoot growth, or at 38 DAFB by heading current-season lateral shoot growth at 15, 20, 25, or 30 cm from the base of the shoot. The influence of heading cut position between nodes also was examined by cutting at a point (≈20 cm from the shoot base) just above or below a node, or in the middle of an internode. Summer pruning influenced the number of both flower buds and lateral shoots subsequently formed on the shoots. All of the timings and pruning lengths significantly increased the number of both flower buds and lateral shoots, but differences between pruning times were not significant. There was significantly less regrowth when shoots were pruned just below a node or in the center of an internode, rather than just above a node, suggesting that the length of the remaining stub may inhibit regrowth somewhat. The coefficient of determination (r2) between flower bud number and regrowth ranged from -0.34 to -0.45. In young high-density sweet cherry plantings, summer pruning may be useful for increasing flower bud formation on current-season shoots. The time of pruning, length of the shoots after pruning, and location of the pruning cut can influence subsequent flower bud formation and vegetative regrowth.

scholarly journals Potential of UAS-Based Remote Sensing for Estimating Tree Water Status and Yield in Sweet Cherry Trees

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (15) ◽  
pp. 2359
Author(s):  
Víctor Blanco ◽  
Pedro José Blaya-Ros ◽  
Cristina Castillo ◽  
Fulgencio Soto-Vallés ◽  
Roque Torres-Sánchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Stem Water Potential ◽  
Irrigation Treatments ◽  
Cherry Trees

The present work aims to assess the usefulness of five vegetation indices (VI) derived from multispectral UAS imagery to capture the effects of deficit irrigation on the canopy structure of sweet cherry trees (Prunus avium L.) in southeastern Spain. Three irrigation treatments were assayed, a control treatment and two regulated deficit irrigation treatments. Four airborne flights were carried out during two consecutive seasons; to compare the results of the remote sensing VI, the conventional and continuous water status indicators commonly used to manage sweet cherry tree irrigation were measured, including midday stem water potential (Ψs) and maximum daily shrinkage (MDS). Simple regression between individual VIs and Ψs or MDS found stronger relationships in postharvest than in preharvest. Thus, the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), resulted in the strongest relationship with Ψs (r2 = 0.67) and MDS (r2 = 0.45), followed by the normalized difference red edge (NDRE). The sensitivity analysis identified the optimal soil adjusted vegetation index (OSAVI) as the VI with the highest coefficient of variation in postharvest and the difference vegetation index (DVI) in preharvest. A new index is proposed, the transformed red range vegetation index (TRRVI), which was the only VI able to statistically identify a slight water deficit applied in preharvest. The combination of the VIs studied was used in two machine learning models, decision tree and artificial neural networks, to estimate the extra labor needed for harvesting and the sweet cherry yield.

INSECT TRANSMISSION OF THE VIRUS CAUSING LITTLE CHERRY DISEASE

1960 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 707-712 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. H. A. Wilde
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Insect Transmission ◽  
Prunus Avium L ◽  
Cherry Trees

Little cherry virus disease of sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) was transmitted under screenhouse conditions by 3 species of leafhoppers (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) out of 24 species tested. Macrosteles fascifrons (Stal), the 6-spotted leafhopper, transmitted the disease in seven tests; Scaphytopius acutus (Say), the sharp-nosed leafhopper, transmitted it once; and Psammotettix lividellus (Zett.) transmitted it once. The transmissions were made from diseased sweet cherry trees of the variety Lambert to indicators of the varieties Star or Sam. With the exception of 1 transmission, 2 to 4 years were necessary following inoculation for unmistakable expression of symptoms in the indicators. M. fascifrons was also implicated in 18 successful transmissions to mature sweet cherry trees grown in the open.

scholarly journals Factors influencing flower bud formation on the pear tree cultivar 'Doyenne du Comice'. I. Shoot growth and flower bud differentiation on trees sprayed with chlormequat and unsprayed ones

2013 ◽  
Vol 36 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 83-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franciszka Jaumień
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Apple Tree ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Bud Formation ◽  
Pear Tree ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Long Shoots ◽  
Flower Bud Differentiation ◽  
Flower Bud Formation

The growth of trees sprayed in spring with chlormequat is weaker, and their elongation growth ends 2 - 3 weeks earlier than that of unsprayed trees. Trees with growth inhibited by chlormequat set flower buds on the spurs and in the subapical part of long shoots. The course of flower bud differentiation starts in the second half of July and is similar to that in the apple tree.

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