scholarly journals (299) Comparison of Growth of Salad Crops under ISS Baseline Environmental Conditions in Mixed Crop versus Monoculture Hydroponic Systems

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1010A-1010
Author(s):  
Sharon Edney ◽  
Jeffrey Richards ◽  
Matthew Sisko ◽  
Neil Yorio ◽  
Gary Stutte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Space Station ◽  
Space Vehicle ◽  
Advanced Life Support ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Mixed Crop

Development of a crop production system that can be used on the International Space Station, long duration transit missions, and a lunar/Mars habitat, is a part of NASA's Advanced Life Support (ALS) research efforts. Selected crops require the capability to be grown under environmental conditions that might be encountered in the open cabin of a space vehicle. It is also likely that the crops will be grown in a mixed-cropping system to increase the production efficiency and variety for the crew's dietary supplementation. Three candidate ALS salad crops, radish (Raphanus sativus L. cv. Cherry Bomb II), lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. cv. Flandria) and bunching onion (Allium fistulosum L. cv. Kinka) were grown hydroponically as either monoculture (control) or mixed-crop within a walk-in growth chamber with baseline environments maintained at 50% relative humidity, 300 μmol·m-2·s-1 PPF and a 16-hour light/8-hour dark photoperiod under cool-white fluorescent lamps. Environmental treatments in separate tests were performed with either 400, 1200, or 4000 μmol·mol-1 CO2 combined with temperature treatments of 25 °C or 28 °C. Weekly time-course harvests were taken over 28 days of growth. Results showed that none of the species experienced negative effects when grown together under mixed-crop conditions compared to monoculture growth conditions.

scholarly journals (33) Evaluation of Salad Crop Growth under Environmental Conditions for Space Exploration using Mixed Crop Versus Monoculture Hydroponic Systems

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 1076D-1077 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon L. Edney ◽  
Jeffrey T. Richards ◽  
Matthew D. Sisko ◽  
Neil C. Yorio ◽  
Gary W. Stutte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Space Station ◽  
Space Vehicle ◽  
Advanced Life Support ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Mixed Crop

The development of a crop production system that can be used on the International Space Station, long-duration transit missions, and lunar or Mars habitats, has been a part of NASA's Advanced Life Support (ALS) research efforts. Crops that can be grown under environmental conditions that might be encountered in the open cabin of a space vehicle would be an advantageous choice. The production efficiency of the system would be enhanced by growing these crops in a mixed-crop arrangement. This would also increase the variety of fresh foods available for the crew's dietary supplementation. Three candidate ALS salad crops, radish (Raphanus sativus L. cv. Cherry Bomb II), lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. cv. Flandria), and bunching onion (Allium fistulosum L. cv. Kinka) were grown hydroponically as either monoculture (control) or mixed-crop within a walk-in growth chamber with baseline environments maintained at 22 °C, 50% RH, 17.2 mol·m-2·d-1 light intensity and a 16-h light/8-h dark photoperiod under cool-white fluorescent lamps. Tests were carried out at three different CO2 concentrations: 400, 1200, and 4000 μmol·mol-1. Weekly time-course harvests were taken over 28 days of growth, and fresh mass, dry mass, and harvest index were determined. Results showed that none of the species experienced negative effects when grown together under mixed-crop conditions compared to monoculture growth conditions under the range of environmental conditions tested.

Microbial detection and monitoring in advanced life support systems like the International Space Station

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra P. van Tongeren ◽  
Janneke Krooneman ◽  
Gerwin C. Raangs ◽  
Gjalt W. Welling ◽  
Hermie J. M. Harmsen
Keyword(s):  
International Space Station ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Support Systems ◽  
Space Station ◽  
Advanced Life Support ◽  
Life Support Systems ◽  
International Space ◽  
Microbial Detection

scholarly journals Identification of Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria Within Space Crop Production Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Handy ◽  
Mary E. Hummerick ◽  
Anirudha R. Dixit ◽  
Anna Maria Ruby ◽  
Gioia Massa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Space Station ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting

As we establish colonies beyond Earth, resupply missions will become increasingly difficult, logistically speaking, and less frequent. As a result, the on-site production of plants will be mission critical for both food production as well as complementing life support systems. Previous research on space crop production aboard the International Space Station (ISS) has determined that the spaceflight environment, though capable of supporting plant growth, is inherently stressful to plants. The combined stressors of this environment limits yield by inhibiting growth, as well as increasing susceptibility to infection by plant pathogens such as Fusarium spp. We propose that a consortium of space-viable, plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) could assist in mitigating challenges to plant growth in a sustainable fashion. Here, we utilize biochemical and phenotypic assessments to identify potential PGPB derived from previously acquired isolates from the VEGGIE crop production system aboard the ISS. These assays confirmed the presence of bacteria capable of producing and/or interfering with plant hormones, facilitating plant uptake of high-value target nutrients for plants such as iron and phosphorus, and able to inhibit the growth of problematic fungal species. We discuss our findings with regards to their potential to support plant growth aboard spaceflight platforms as well as the Moon and Mars.

scholarly journals Transfer from Long to Short Photoperiods Affects Production Efficiency of Day-neutral Rice

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 875-877 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Rachelle Goldman ◽  
Cary A. Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Continuous Light ◽  
Advanced Life Support ◽  
Tiller Number ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Yield Efficiency ◽  
Natural Photoperiod

The day-neutral, semidwarf rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivar Ai-Nan-Tsao was grown in a greenhouse under summer conditions using high-pressure sodium lamps to extend the natural photoperiod. After allowing 2 weeks for germination, stand establishment, and thinning to a consistent planting density of 212 plants/m2, stands were maintained under continuous lighting for 35 or 49 days before shifting to 8- or 12-h photoperiods until harvest 76 days after planting. Non-shifted control treatments consisting of 8-, 12-, or 24-h photoperiods also were maintained throughout production. Tiller number increased as duration of exposure to continuous light increased before shifting to shorter photoperiods. However, shoot harvest index and yield efficiency rate were lower for all plants receiving continuous light than for those under the 8- or 12-h photoperiods. Stands receiving 12-h photoperiods throughout production had the highest grain yield per plant and equaled the 8-h-photoperiod control plants for the lowest tiller number per plant. As long as stands were exposed to continuous light, tiller formation continued. Shifting to shorter photoperiods late in the cropping cycle resulted in newly formed tillers that were either sterile or unable to mature grain before harvest. Late-forming tillers also suppressed yield of grain in early-forming tillers, presumably by competing for photosynthate or for remobilized assimilate during senescence. Stands receiving 12-h photoperiods throughout production not only produced the highest grain yield at harvest but had the highest shoot harvest index, which is important for resource-recovery strategies in advanced life-support systems proposed for space.

scholarly journals On-farm evaluation of production potential and economics of Wheat-Jute-T.aman rice-based cropping system

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
MM Kamrozzaman ◽  
MAH Khan ◽  
S Ahmed ◽  
AFM Ruhul Quddus
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Cropping Pattern ◽  
Cropping Patterns ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Land Use Efficiency

The study was conducted to determine the yield and economic consequences of two cropping patterns viz. improved cropping pattern (Wheat-Jute-T.aman rice) and farmers, pattern (Wheat-Jute-T.aman rice) through incorporation of modern high yielding varieties and improved management practices for crop production. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with five dispersed replications in farmers’ condition in Faridpur during two consecutive years 2011-12 and 2012-13. Two years mean data showed that the improved management practices for the pattern provided significantly higher yield in Wheat, Jute and T.aman rice. The gross return (Tk. 265495/ha) and net return (Tk.123087/ha) of improved pattern were 9 % and 18 % higher, respectively compared to that of farmers’ pattern with only 3% extra cost. The higher benefit cost ratio, land use efficiency, production efficiency and sustainable yield index indicated the superiority of the improved pattern over the farmers’ practices.J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 13(1): 93-100, June 2015

scholarly journals Testing New Concepts for Crop Cultivation in Space: Effects of Rooting Volume and Nitrogen Availability

Life ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silje Wolff ◽  
Carolina Palma ◽  
Leo Marcelis ◽  
Ann-Iren Kittang Jost ◽  
Sander van Delden
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Nitrogen Availability ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Space Station ◽  
Advanced Life Support ◽  
Nutrient Stress ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
High Concentrations

Long term human missions to the Moon and Mars, rely on life support systems for food production and regeneration of resources. In the EU H2020 TIME SCALE-project, an advanced life support system concept was developed to facilitate plant research and technology demonstration under different gravity conditions. Ground experiments assessed irrigation systems and effects of rooting- and nutrient solution volume. The maximal allowed volume for existing International Space Station research facilities (3.4 L) was able to support cultivation of two lettuce heads for at least 24 days. A smaller rooting volume (0.6 L) increased root biomass after 24 days, but induced a 5% reduction in total biomass at day 35. Regulating effects of nitrate supply on plant water fluxes in light and dark were also investigated. At low concentrations of nitrate in the nutrient solution, both transpiration and stomatal conductance increased rapidly with increasing nitrate concentration. During day-time this increase levelled off at high concentrations, while during nigh-time there was a distinct decline at supra optimal concentrations. Plants supplied with nitrate concentrations as low as 1.25 mM did not show visible signs of nutrient stress or growth reduction. These findings hold promise for both reducing the environmental impact of terrestrial horticulture and avoiding nutrient stress in small scale closed cultivation systems for space.

scholarly journals (296) Effects of Lighting Intensity on the Yield of Tomato and Pepper Crops Grown under Space Station (ISS) Environmental Conditions

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1009C-1009
Author(s):  
Matthew Sisko ◽  
Jeffrey Richards ◽  
Sharon Edney ◽  
Neil Yorio ◽  
Gary Stutte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Total Mass ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Space Station ◽  
Open Environment ◽  
Light Levels ◽  
Lighting Intensity ◽  
The Many ◽  
Engineering Constraints

Of the many environmental variables, light intensity (PPF) has primary effect on photosynthesis and significantly influences crop yield. With the eventual use of a crop production system on the International Space Station (ISS), Mars transit vehicle, or in a lunar/Martian habitat, there exists certain engineering constraints that will likely affect the lighting intensity available to plants. Tomato and pepper are candidate crops being considered by NASA that were selected based on their applicability to such mission scenarios. To study the effects of lighting intensity, tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L. cv. Red Robin) and pepper (Capsicum annuum L. cv. Hanging Basket) plants were grown under cool-white fluorescent (CWF) lamps with light intensities of 8.6, 17.2, or 26 mol·m-2 ·d-1, with a constant air temperature of 25 °C, 65% relative humidity, and CO2 supplementation of 1200 μmol·mol-1 in order to duplicate conditions plants might be subjected to in an open environment of a space cabin. Following 105 days of growth, edible and total mass for both tomato and pepper increased with increasing light levels. Fruit development and time to ripening was also affected by light treatments. The effects of lighting when combined with other environmental factors typical of spaceflight systems will help define crop production for future missions that incorporate plant-based life support technologies.

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