scholarly journals Transfer from Long to Short Photoperiods Affects Production Efficiency of Day-neutral Rice

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 875-877 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Rachelle Goldman ◽  
Cary A. Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Continuous Light ◽  
Advanced Life Support ◽  
Tiller Number ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Yield Efficiency ◽  
Natural Photoperiod

The day-neutral, semidwarf rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivar Ai-Nan-Tsao was grown in a greenhouse under summer conditions using high-pressure sodium lamps to extend the natural photoperiod. After allowing 2 weeks for germination, stand establishment, and thinning to a consistent planting density of 212 plants/m2, stands were maintained under continuous lighting for 35 or 49 days before shifting to 8- or 12-h photoperiods until harvest 76 days after planting. Non-shifted control treatments consisting of 8-, 12-, or 24-h photoperiods also were maintained throughout production. Tiller number increased as duration of exposure to continuous light increased before shifting to shorter photoperiods. However, shoot harvest index and yield efficiency rate were lower for all plants receiving continuous light than for those under the 8- or 12-h photoperiods. Stands receiving 12-h photoperiods throughout production had the highest grain yield per plant and equaled the 8-h-photoperiod control plants for the lowest tiller number per plant. As long as stands were exposed to continuous light, tiller formation continued. Shifting to shorter photoperiods late in the cropping cycle resulted in newly formed tillers that were either sterile or unable to mature grain before harvest. Late-forming tillers also suppressed yield of grain in early-forming tillers, presumably by competing for photosynthate or for remobilized assimilate during senescence. Stands receiving 12-h photoperiods throughout production not only produced the highest grain yield at harvest but had the highest shoot harvest index, which is important for resource-recovery strategies in advanced life-support systems proposed for space.

scholarly journals (299) Comparison of Growth of Salad Crops under ISS Baseline Environmental Conditions in Mixed Crop versus Monoculture Hydroponic Systems

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1010A-1010
Author(s):  
Sharon Edney ◽  
Jeffrey Richards ◽  
Matthew Sisko ◽  
Neil Yorio ◽  
Gary Stutte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Space Station ◽  
Space Vehicle ◽  
Advanced Life Support ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Mixed Crop

Development of a crop production system that can be used on the International Space Station, long duration transit missions, and a lunar/Mars habitat, is a part of NASA's Advanced Life Support (ALS) research efforts. Selected crops require the capability to be grown under environmental conditions that might be encountered in the open cabin of a space vehicle. It is also likely that the crops will be grown in a mixed-cropping system to increase the production efficiency and variety for the crew's dietary supplementation. Three candidate ALS salad crops, radish (Raphanus sativus L. cv. Cherry Bomb II), lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. cv. Flandria) and bunching onion (Allium fistulosum L. cv. Kinka) were grown hydroponically as either monoculture (control) or mixed-crop within a walk-in growth chamber with baseline environments maintained at 50% relative humidity, 300 μmol·m-2·s-1 PPF and a 16-hour light/8-hour dark photoperiod under cool-white fluorescent lamps. Environmental treatments in separate tests were performed with either 400, 1200, or 4000 μmol·mol-1 CO2 combined with temperature treatments of 25 °C or 28 °C. Weekly time-course harvests were taken over 28 days of growth. Results showed that none of the species experienced negative effects when grown together under mixed-crop conditions compared to monoculture growth conditions.

scholarly journals Effect of variety and planting density on weed dynamics and yield performance of transplant Aman rice

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-173
Author(s):  
MU Salma ◽  
MA Salam ◽  
K Hossen ◽  
MRJ Mou
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Panicle Length ◽  
Yield Performance ◽  
Straw Yield ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
Weed Dynamics ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

The experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during Aman season from June to November 2016 to find out the effect of variety and planting density on weed dynamics and yield performance of transplant Aman rice. The experiment consisted of four varieties viz. Binadhan-7, BR25, BRRI dhan56 and BRRI dhan62 and four planting density viz. 25 cm × 15 cm, 25 cm × 10 cm, 20 cm × 15 cm and 20 cm × 10 cm. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Variety exerted significant effect on weed density and dry weight at different days after transplanting (DAT). The lowest weed density and dry weight were observed in BR25 and the highest ones were observed in Binadhan-7. Weed population was not significantly affected by planting density while weed dry weight was significantly affected and closer spacing produce the lowest weed dry weight. Yield and yield contributing characters of transplant Aman rice were significantly influenced by variety and planting density. BR25 showed produce the highest plant height (157.9 cm), panicle length (24.94 cm), grains panicle(103.10), sterile spikelets panicle−1 (29.36), grain yield (4.30 t ha−1) and straw yield (8.99 t ha−1) while BRRI dhan62 the highest number of total tillers hill−1 (14.75), effective tillers hill−1 (11.62), and non-effective tillers hill−1 (3.10). The highest 1000-grain weight (25.21g) was found in the variety Binadhan-7and the highest harvest index (53.50%) was obtained from BRRI dhan56. In case of planting density, the highest value of plant height (124.27 cm), total tillers hill−1 (13.53), effective tillers hill−1 (11.20), non-effective tillers hill−1 (2.32), panicle length (22.59 cm), grain yield (4.17 t ha−1) and straw yield (5.75 t ha−1) were obtained from 25 cm × 15 cm spacing. On the other hand, the highest number of grains panicle−1 (84.23) and harvest index (45.18 %) were obtained from 25 cm × 10 cm spacing, heaviest 1000-grain weight (23.83 g) from 20 cm × 15 cm spacing. Experimental results indicated that BR25 grown under 25 cm × 15 cm planting density appeared to be the best in order to get maximum grain yield as well as reducing weed infestation.J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 15(2): 167-173, December 2017

scholarly journals Root-shoot characteristics, yield and economics of mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) under variable rates of phosphorus and nitrogen

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-19
Author(s):  
Abdul Hadi Omran ◽  
Anchal Dass ◽  
GA Rajanna ◽  
Shiva Dhar ◽  
Anil K Choudhary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Benefit Cost ◽  
Pod Length

A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) nutrition on growth, yield, economics, production efficiency (PE) and monetary efficiency (ME) of mungbean. Application of 55 kg N/ha caused improvement in root- and shoot-dry weight, leaf area index and biological yield. However, 40 kg N/ha recorded the highest pod length (8.2 cm), grains/plant (284), grain yield (2.1 t/ha), harvest index (29.4%), net returns (1,28,651 AFN/ha), benefit: cost ratio (2.6), PE (24 kg/ha/day) and ME (1,429 AFN/ha/day). Use of 60 kg P2O5 /ha resulted in the highest pod length (8.3 cm), seeds/plant (285), grain yield (2.0 t/ha), harvest index (30.5%), net returns (1,161,22.9 AFN/ha), benefit: cost ratio (2.4), PE (22.4 kg/ha/day) and ME (1,290 AFN/ha/day). The combination of 40 kg N/ha and 60 kg P2O5 /ha recorded the highest yield, net returns, benefit: cost ratio, PE and ME. Hence, mungbean grown field should be treated with 40 kg N/ha and 60 kg P2O5/ha fertilizers for its higher productivity and profitability.

Effect of Sulphur Fertilization on Performance and Production Potential of Mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.)Wilczek]

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deeksha Krishna ◽  
H K Sachan ◽  
Narendra K Chaudhary
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Vigna Radiata ◽  
Field Trial ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Recommended Dose ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
Maximum Production ◽  
Stover Yield

A field trial was conducted to study mungbean crop performance and production potential under sulphur fertilization with recommended dose of NPK whereby, 17 treatments were replicated thrice. The maximum plant height (51.2 cm), grain yield plant-1 (5.7 g) and pods plant -1 (16.0) were recorded under (T15:100% RD of NPK+S). T15:100% RD of NPK+S was found significantly superior to other treatments and recorded maximum grain yield (1524 Kg ha-1). T15:100% RD of NPK+S was significantly superior to all treatments except T16:125% RD of NPK+S and recorded maximum stover yield (2696 Kg ha-1). T15:100% RD of NPK+S recorded significantly superior harvest index followed by T14:75% RD of NPK+S and T16:125% RD of NPK+S. The maximum production efficiency (25.4 Kg day-1 ha-1) was recorded in T15:100% RD of NPK+S which was at par with T16:125% RD of NPK+S and significantly higher compared to all other treatments.

scholarly journals Effect of Silicon Nutrition on Yield, Uptake and Agronomic Efficiency of Paddy in Acid Lateritic Soils of Odisha

2021 ◽  
pp. 279-291
Author(s):  
Aliva Das ◽  
Prasanna Kumar Samant ◽  
Gayatri Sahu ◽  
Gour Hari Santra
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Basic Oxygen Furnace ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Agronomic Efficiency ◽  
Available N ◽  
Randomized Block Design

A field experiment was conducted in the central farm, Regional Research and Technology Transfer Station, Coastal Zone OUAT, Bhubaneswar during kharif 2020 using cv-Lalat variety of Rice. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design (RBD) with ten treatments and three replications. In this experiment BOF (Basic Oxygen Furnace) slag was used as a source of silica for application to rice crop. 200, 300 and 400 kg SiO2/ha was applied in combination with 50% STD and 75% STD in order to assess the efficacy of Silica with reduction in fertilizer dose by 50% and 25%. It was shown in case of grain yield, straw yield, and harvest index, 100% STD (T4) registered maximum (36.9q/ha) grain yield which was 29.4% more than that of control. Of course, grain yield in case of T9i.e., 75% STD+300kg SiO2/ha was at par 36.2q/ha indicated efficacy of silica application by reducing fertilizer dose. Harvest index was not significantly affected by Si treatments. However, maximum HI (0.478) was observed in T9. Available N, P, K and S status in post-harvest soil was increased significantly due to application of silica along with fertilizer over control indicated better availability of nutrients which plays a vital role in increasing production and productivity of rice. The content and uptake of N, P, K and Si was significantly increased over control due to application of silica with fertilizer. Though 100% STD (T4) was found to be very effective as compared to other treatments but 75% STD+300kgSiO2/ha was also equally effective so far as yield, yield attributing characters, available nutrient status, N, P, K and Si content and uptake along with Relative Agronomic Efficiency (RAE), Agronomic Efficiency (AE), Apparent Recovery (%) AR and Production Efficiency (PE) are concerned.

scholarly journals Reduced Nitrogen Rate with Increased Planting Density Facilitated Grain Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Modern Conventional Japonica Rice

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1188
Author(s):  
Tianyao Meng ◽  
Xi Chen ◽  
Jialin Ge ◽  
Xubin Zhang ◽  
Guisheng Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Nutrient Use Efficiency ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Japonica Rice ◽  
Nitrogen Rate ◽  
Nutrient Use ◽  
Reduced Nitrogen ◽  
Use Efficiency

The past three decades have seen a pronounced development of conventional japonica rice from the 1990s, although little information is available on changes regarding grain yield and nutrient use efficiency during this process. Nine conventional japonica rice released during the 1990s, 2000s, and 2010s were grown under a reduced nitrogen rate, with increased planting density (RNID) and local cultivation practice (LCP) in 2017 and 2018. The rice from the 2010s had 3.6–5.5% and 7.0–10.1% higher (p < 0.05) grain yield than the 2000s and the 1990s, respectively, under RNID and LCP. The harvest index contributed more to genetic yield gain from the 1990s to the 2000s; whereas from the 2000s to 2010s, yield increase contributed through shoot biomass. Genetic improvement increased total nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) accumulation, and their use efficiencies. The rice from the 2010s showed a similar grain yield, whereas the 1990s and 2000s’ rice exhibited a lower (p < 0.05) grain yield under RNID relative to LCP. RNID increased N, P, and K use efficiencies, particularly the N use efficiency for the grain yield (NUEg) of the 2010s’ rice, compared with LCP. For three varietal types, RNID increased the panicles per m2, the filled-grain percentage, and the grain weight (p < 0.05) while decreasing spikelets per panicle of the 2010s’ rice. Compared with LCP, RNID reduced non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) content and shoot biomass, at heading and maturity, while increasing the remobilization of NSC and the harvest index, especially for the 2010s’ rice. Our results suggested the impressive progressive increase in grain yield and nutrient use efficiency of conventional japonica rice since the 1990s in east China. RNID could facilitate grain yield and NUEg for modern conventional japonica rice.

scholarly journals (33) Evaluation of Salad Crop Growth under Environmental Conditions for Space Exploration using Mixed Crop Versus Monoculture Hydroponic Systems

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 1076D-1077 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon L. Edney ◽  
Jeffrey T. Richards ◽  
Matthew D. Sisko ◽  
Neil C. Yorio ◽  
Gary W. Stutte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Space Station ◽  
Space Vehicle ◽  
Advanced Life Support ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Mixed Crop

The development of a crop production system that can be used on the International Space Station, long-duration transit missions, and lunar or Mars habitats, has been a part of NASA's Advanced Life Support (ALS) research efforts. Crops that can be grown under environmental conditions that might be encountered in the open cabin of a space vehicle would be an advantageous choice. The production efficiency of the system would be enhanced by growing these crops in a mixed-crop arrangement. This would also increase the variety of fresh foods available for the crew's dietary supplementation. Three candidate ALS salad crops, radish (Raphanus sativus L. cv. Cherry Bomb II), lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. cv. Flandria), and bunching onion (Allium fistulosum L. cv. Kinka) were grown hydroponically as either monoculture (control) or mixed-crop within a walk-in growth chamber with baseline environments maintained at 22 °C, 50% RH, 17.2 mol·m-2·d-1 light intensity and a 16-h light/8-h dark photoperiod under cool-white fluorescent lamps. Tests were carried out at three different CO2 concentrations: 400, 1200, and 4000 μmol·mol-1. Weekly time-course harvests were taken over 28 days of growth, and fresh mass, dry mass, and harvest index were determined. Results showed that none of the species experienced negative effects when grown together under mixed-crop conditions compared to monoculture growth conditions under the range of environmental conditions tested.

scholarly journals Continuous Production of Potato in an AFT System

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 790C-790
Author(s):  
G.W. Stutte ◽  
C.L. Mackowiak ◽  
N.C. Yorio ◽  
R.M. Wheeler ◽  
L.M. Ruffe
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Continuous Production ◽  
Advanced Life Support ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
Continuous Treatment ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Tuber Initiation ◽  
Kennedy Space ◽  
Batch Treatment

An experiment was conducted in the Biomass Production Chamber (BPC) at Kennedy Space Center to determine the feasibility of continuous steady-state production of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). Plants were grown in a “batch” or continuous production mode using either 0.5 × modified Hoaglands or effluent from aerobically processed inedible potato biomass as a nutrient source. EC and pH were controlled to 0.12 S·m–1 and 5.8, respectively. The batch harvest occurred after 104 days and continuous harvest occurred every 26 days, with replanting occurring in the same solution. Continuous production on “aged” solution resulted in earlier tuber initiation, reduced plant height, and smaller canopies than the “batch” treatment. Planting density of the continuous treatment was increased from eight to 16 plants/m2. Because one quarter of the planting area was harvested and replanted every 26 days, a steady-state of canopy coverage between 60% to 75% of the chamber was maintained. Steady-state of CO2 fixation was also maintained in the continuous treatment. There was no effect on either quantum efficiency, tuber yield, or harvest index of the plants grown in continuous production. Although replanting into “aged” nutrient solution resulted in earlier tuber initiation and reduced plant size, the system reached a steady state of production, which is desirable for advanced life support system.

scholarly journals Combining Ability and Heterosis for Grain Yield and Rust Resistance in Pearl Millet

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 80
Author(s):  
G. Lubadde ◽  
P. Tongoona ◽  
J. Derera ◽  
J. Sibiya
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Tiller Number ◽  
Progress Curve ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
1000 Grain Weight ◽  
Better Than

<p> </p><p>Pearl millet is a dual-purpose crop in semi-arid zones of Uganda. However, no studies have been conducted to determine the gene effects for yield and yield-related traits and rust resistance in these environments; yet this knowledge is important in improving grain yield and rust resistance. A North Carolina II mating design was adopted to study the genetic effects for rust resistance and yield-related traits of improved pearl millet genotypes. The experimental design to study the objectives was alpha in two [locations, seasons and replications]. A higher proportion of general combining ability (GCA) effect was observed for grain yield, days to 50% flowering, days to 50% anthesis, flower-anthesis interval, days to 50% physiological maturity, plant height, total tiller number, number of productive tillers, percentage of productive tillers, panicle area, leaf area, 1000-grain weight, biological yield and harvest index. The specific combining ability (SCA) effect was predominant for area under disease progress curve. Eleven hybrids performed better than the best male parent and five crosses performed better than the best female parent for grain yield while all the fifteen selected best crosses performed better than all parents for area under disease progress curve. Ten crosses were more resistant to rust than the best male parent and all the crosses were more resistant to rust than the female parents. The additive gene action was predominant for grain yield, rust severity at 50% physiological maturity, days to 50% flowering, days to 50% anthesis, total tiller number, percentage of productive tillers, panicle area, 1000-grain weight, biological yield, harvest index and leaf area. High better-parent heterosis was also observed for most traits including grain yield and rust resistance. The traits were also characterized by relatively low levels of narrow sense heritability.</p>

scholarly journals Growth, yield and quality of two guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) ecotypes affected by sowing date and planting density in a semi-arid area

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. e0257692
Author(s):  
Maryam Mahdipour-Afra ◽  
Majid AghaAlikhani ◽  
Soleiman Abbasi ◽  
Ali Mokhtassi-Bidgoli
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Cyamopsis Tetragonoloba ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Gum Content

The growth period, phenology, grain yield and gum content of two different guar ecotypes were studied in response to different sowing dates and plant densities. A two-year field experiment was conducted as a split-factorial in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates in the research field of Tarbiat Modares University during 2016 and 2017 growing season. Main plots consisted of four sowing dates (May 21, June 4, June 21 and July 5 in 2016 and May 10, May 26, June 10 and June 26 in 2017), and subplots including three plant densities (13, 20 and 40 plants m-2) and two ecotypes (Pakistani and Indian). Based on findings, the phenological traits, plant height, grain yield and harvest index were significantly affected by plant density. The effect of ecotypes was statistically significant (p<0.05) on all traits except harvest index in the first year. Furthermore, the seed sowings on May 21 and May 26 with 13 plants m-2 led to highest grain yield (3004.8 and 2826.10 kg.ha-1 for two consecutive years). The high gum content (33.68 and 33.78% for two consecutive years) was also recorded for Pakistani ecotype while for gravity, Indian ecotype showed higher value in both crop years. By and large, the Pakistani ecotype showed better response compared to the Indian one in both years, especially in 1st and 2nd sowing dates.

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