scholarly journals Genetic Resistance to Cucurbit Leaf Crumple Virus in Melon

HortScience ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
James D. McCreight ◽  
Hsing-Yeh Liu ◽  
Thomas A. Turini
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction Analysis ◽  
Plant Introductions ◽  
Leaf Spots ◽  
Chlorotic Leaf ◽  
Biotype B ◽  
Cucurbit Leaf Crumple Virus ◽  
Greenhouse Tests

Cucurbit leaf crumple virus (CuLCrV) is a geminivirus transmitted by Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) biotype B (SPW-B) and common in melons (Cucumis melo L.) planted from July through September in the desert southwestern United States. Symptoms include chlorotic leaf spots, leaf curling and crumpling, and interveinal yellowing, and plants may be stunted. Melon breeding line MR-1, and six plant introductions (PIs; PI 124111, PI 124112, PI 179901, PI 234607, PI 313970, and PI 414723) exhibited partial resistance to CuLCrV in naturally infected field tests and controlled inoculation greenhouse tests. PI 236355 was completely resistant in two greenhouse tests. Partially resistant plants exhibited chlorotic spots, or mild expression of other typical CuLCrV symptoms; all such plants were positive for presence of virus using polymerase chain reaction analysis with a CuLCrV-specific primer pair from the BC1 region. Genetic resistance to CuLCrV in melon was recessive. Field and greenhouse data from F1, F2, and backcrosses of the F1 to ‘Top Mark’ and PI 313970 demonstrated a single, recessive gene for resistance to CuLCrV. Progenies from crosses of four partially resistant cultigens with ‘Top Mark’ were susceptible. Resistance in PI 313970 appeared to be allelic, with resistance in the other six cultigens based on F1 data. The name cucurbit leaf crumple virus and symbol culcrv are proposed for this gene.

scholarly journals Resistanceto Cucurbit Leaf Crumple Virus in Melon

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1108E-1109 ◽  
Author(s):  
James D. McCreight ◽  
Hsing-Yeh Liu ◽  
Thomas A. Turini
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Cucumis Melo ◽  
Field Data ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Squash Leaf Curl Virus ◽  
Biotype B ◽  
Leaf Curl Virus ◽  
Cucurbit Leaf Crumple Virus ◽  
Greenhouse Tests ◽  
Leaf Curl

Cucurbit leaf crumple geminivirus (CuLCrV) is transmitted by sweet-potato whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) biotype B (SPWF-B) and occurs on cucurbits in Arizona, California, Texas, and Mexico. This virus is identical to Cucurbit leaf curl virus, and their symptoms are similar to Squash leaf curl virus on squash (Cucurbita sp.) and Melonleaf curl virus on melon (Cucumis melo L.). Melon has been reported to be either susceptible to CuLCrV, or to have the ability to recover from infection. Twenty-three melon cultigens were inoculated with CuLCrV in greenhouse tests using SPWF-B. Eighteen of the cultigens tested were highly susceptible to CuLCrV (≥60% infected plants) and generally exhibited pronounced CuLCrV symptoms: `Amarillo', `Edisto 47', `Esteem', `Fuyu 3', `Impac', `Moscatel Grande', `Negro', `Perlita', PI 234607, PI 236355, PI 414723, `PMR 5', `Seminole', `Sol Dorado', `Sol Real', `Top Mark', `Vedrantais', and WMR 29. Five cultigens were resistant to CuLCrV (<40% infected plants that exhibited restricted, mild symptoms): MR-1, PI 124111, PI 124112, PI 179901, and PI 313970. Symptoms abated with time in both groups although infected plants remained positive for the virus. Ten of the cultigens (`Edisto 47', `Fuyu 3', `Impac', MR-1, PI 124112, PI 313970, PI 414723, `PMR 5', `Top Mark', and WMR 29) were included in field tests in 2003 and 2004 that were naturally infected with CuLCrV. With the exception of PI 414723, the greenhouse and field data were consistent for reaction to CuLCrV.

Combination of Early Maturity and Leaf Spot Tolerance Within an Advanced Georgia Peanut Breeding Line1

1995 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. D. Branch ◽  
A. K. Culbreath
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Cercospora Arachidicola ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
The Past ◽  
Leaf Spots ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Cultivated Peanut ◽  
Efficient Alternative

Abstract In the past, genetic resistance to both early and late leaf spots [Cercospora arachidicola Hori and Cercosporidiumpersonatum (Berk. & Curt.) Deighton] has been found to be negatively or inversely correlated with early maturity in the cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). For example, the late leaf spot resistant cultivar Southern Runner is approximately 2 wk later in maturity than the susceptible Florunner cultivar. Recently, an advanced runner-type breeding line (GA T-2844) has been developed by the Georgia peanut breeding program which combines early maturity and leaf spot tolerance. For the past 3 yr (1991–1993), GA T-2844 has been evaluated in replicated field tests without fungicides. Results show that GA T-2844 has on the average &gt;30% yield advantage and a 30-d earlier maturity than Southern Runner. Leaf spot ratings also showed GA T-2844 to be intermediate between Southern Runner and Florunner. Such a combination of early maturity and leaf spot tolerance could significantly enhance U.S. peanut production by providing an environmentally safer and efficient alternative to costly pesticides not previously available among runner-type cultivars.

scholarly journals Genetic Resistance in Melon PI 313970 to Cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus

HortScience ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (12) ◽  
pp. 1582-1587 ◽  
Author(s):  
James D. McCreight ◽  
William M. Wintermantel
Keyword(s):  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Imperial Valley ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
Western Mexico ◽  
High Level ◽  
Whitefly Vector ◽  
Level Resistance

Melon (Cucumis melo L.) is a fresh vegetable and dessert fruit that may also be cooked or dried, processed for juice and flavoring, and the seeds of which are a source of high-quality cooking oil and high protein seed meal. Melon production throughout many parts of the world is now threatened by the crinivirus Cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus (CYSDV) in tropical and subtropical areas favorable to its whitefly vector. CYSDV is transmitted by the sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci Gennadius, biotypes A, B, and Q. CYSDV first appeared on melon in the 1980s in the United Arab Emirates and emerged on melon in the Yuma, AZ, and Imperial Valley, CA, regions and western Mexico during the Fall season of 2006 followed by Florida in 2007. PI 313970, C. melo var. acidulus Naudin, a salad-type melon from India, expressed high-level resistance to CYSDV in Yuma and Imperial Valley in Fall 2006, but it was not immune; the virus was detected in asymptomatic plants. Inheritance of resistance to CYSDV in PI 313970 was studied in three naturally infected, replicated field tests in Imperial Valley during the Fall seasons of 2007 and 2008 and the Spring season of 2009. Resistance in PI 313970 was recessive: all F1 PI 313970 (PI) × susceptible ‘Top Mark’ (TM) and BCTM individuals were susceptible, and the F2 and BCPI segregated 3:1 and 1:1 susceptible to resistance, respectively. Frequency distributions of CYSDV symptom severity ratings suggested a single recessive gene in PI 313970 for resistance to CYSDV. PI 313970 was, however, observed to be variable for resistance; a few plants in each test expressed distinct symptoms of CYSDV infection and its frequency distributions overlapped those of ‘Top Mark’. This variation may represent genetic variation selectable for uniform reaction to infection by CYSDV or phenotypic variation in the resistant reaction. The genetic relationship between the genes for resistance to CYSDV in PI 313970 (recessive) and TGR-1551 (dominant) is not known.

Resistance to Lettuce Infectious Yellows Virus in Melon

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 534b-534
Author(s):  
James D. McCreight
Keyword(s):  
Cucumis Melo ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Single Dominant Gene ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Sweetpotato Whitefly ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Lettuce Infectious Yellows Virus ◽  
Greenhouse Tests

Yellowing of melon (Cucumis melo L.) incited by lettuce infectious yellows virus (LIYV) reduces yield and fruit quality of infected plants. LIYV is transmitted only by the sweetpotato whitefly (Bemisia tabaci Genn.). Two naturally infected field tests indicated several potential sources of resistance to LIYV. PI 124112 and `Snake Melon' had mild symptoms in both field tests whereas PI 313970 was asymptomatic in the test in which it was included. In greenhouse tests using controlled inoculation, PI 313970 was asymptomatic, had negative ELISA assays for LIYV, and was negative for LIYV in serial transfers to Chenopodium. `Top Mark' and `PMR 5' were symptomatic, had positive ELISA assays for LIYV, and were positive for LIYV in serial transfers to Chenopodium in these greenhouse tests. Limited data indicate that resistance in PI 313970 is conditioned by a single, dominant gene.

No-Pesticide Preliminary Yield Trials in Peanut1

2001 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. D. Branch ◽  
S. M. Fletcher
Keyword(s):  
Field Tests ◽  
Cercospora Arachidicola ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Endemic Diseases ◽  
Leaf Spots ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Wilt Virus ◽  
Yield Trials

Abstract Pest-resistant peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivars are critically important to reduce the increasing cost of production. Current pesticides used in the U.S. are effective but very expensive. The objective of this study was to evaluate several advanced Georgia breeding lines when grown without nematicides, fungicides, or insecticides. Preliminary yield trials without pesticides were conducted for 3 yr (1996-98) at the Univ. of Georgia, Coastal Plain Exp. Sta. under irrigation. However, preplant and occasionally post-applied herbicides were used for weed control. Thrips damage was noticeably uniform and severe early in the growing season each year, but plants seemingly recovered by midseason. Probably the most endemic diseases in the Southeast are both early and late leaf spots [Cercospora arachidicola Hori and Cercosporidium personatum (Berk. & Curt.) Deighton, respectively] and tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV). Results from replicated field tests strongly suggest that it would be economically feasible to significantly reduce pesticide cost by growing multiple pest-resistant advanced Georgia breeding lines as compared to the five check cultivars Florunner, GK-7, Southern Runner, Florida MDR 98, and Georgia Browne. However, dollar values were variable and low with no pesticides because of the overall reduction in yield. An alternative approach for greater net returns possibly may be achieved by only reducing currently recommended input costs rather than eliminating pesticides with pest resistant cultivars.

scholarly journals Screening for Alternaria brassicicola resistance in the Brassicaceae: Bio-assay optimization and confocal microscopy insights into the infection process

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marzena Nowakowska ◽  
Małgorzata Wrzesińska ◽  
Piotr Kamiński ◽  
Marcin Nowicki ◽  
Małgorzata Lichocka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confocal Microscopy ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Leaf Age ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Resistance Breeding ◽  
Infection Process ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Alternaria Brassicicola ◽  
Assay Optimization

Heavy losses incited yearly by Alternaria brassicicola on the vegetable Brassicaceae – have prompted our search for sources of genetic resistance against the pathogen and the resultant disease, dark leaf spot. We optimized several parameters to test the performance of the plants under controlled conditions to this disease, including leaf age and position, inoculum concentration, and incubation temperature. Using these optimized conditions, we screened a collection of 38 Brassicaceae cultigens with two methods (detached leaf and seedlings). Our results show, that either method can be used for the A. brassicicola resistance breeding, while the plant’s genotype was crucial in determining its response to the pathogen. The laboartory bio-assays for A. brassicicola resistance were run under more stringent conditions than the field tests, and resulted in identification of two interspecific hybrids that might be used in breeding programs. Confocal microscopy analyses of the leaf samples provided data into the pathogen mode of infection: Direct epidermal infection or stomatal attack were related to plants’ resistance against A. brassicicola among the cultigens tested. Further, the actin network of the host cells reorganized around the papillas deposited under the pathogen’s appressorium.

scholarly journals Screening for Alternaria brassicicola resistance in the Brassicaceae: Bio-assay optimization and confocal microscopy insights into the infection process

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marzena Nowakowska ◽  
Małgorzata Wrzesińska ◽  
Piotr Kamiński ◽  
Marcin Nowicki ◽  
Małgorzata Lichocka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confocal Microscopy ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Leaf Age ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Resistance Breeding ◽  
Infection Process ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Alternaria Brassicicola ◽  
Assay Optimization

Heavy losses incited yearly by Alternaria brassicicola on the vegetable Brassicaceae – have prompted our search for sources of genetic resistance against the resultant disease, dark leaf spot. We optimized several parameters to test the performance of the plants under controlled conditions to this disease, including leaf age and position, inoculum concentration, and incubation temperature. Using these optimized conditions, we screened a collection of 38 Brassicaceae cultigens with two methods (detached leaf and seedlings). Our results show, that either method can be used for the A. brassicicola resistance breeding, while the plant’s genotype was crucial in determining its response to the pathogen. The bio-assays for Alternaria resistance were more effective than the field tests, and resulted in identification of two interspecific hybrids that might be used in breeding programs. Confocal microscopy analyses of the leaf samples provided novel insights into the pathogen mode of infection: Direct epidermal infection or stomatal attack were dependent on plants’ resistance against A. brassicicola. Further, the actin network of the host cells reorganized around the papillas deposited under the pathogen’s appressorium. Papilla composition is predicted to be important in determining the plant’s resistance.

scholarly journals Greenhouse and Field Resistance to Yellow Aphids in the `Pawnee' Pecan

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 494E-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tommy E. Thompson ◽  
L.J. Grauke
Keyword(s):  
Field Tests ◽  
Field Resistance ◽  
Carya Illinoinensis ◽  
The West ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Leaf Surfaces ◽  
Intermediate Resistance ◽  
Insect Populations ◽  
Greenhouse Tests ◽  
Aphid Populations

Putative resistance to the yellow aphid complex (Monellia caryella (Fitch) and Monelliopsis pecanis Bissell) in the `Pawnee' pecan [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch] cultivar was first noted in greenhouse tests by rating cultivars for relative amounts of honeydew on adaxial leaf surfaces. This resistance was confirmed in two field tests monitored from mid-June to mid-Oct. `Pawnee' supported significantly lower aphid populations during every rating period when relatively large numbers of these insects were present. `Navaho' also showed resistance, with `Desirable' having intermediate resistance and `Stuart' being very susceptible. Insect populations were also monitored on the four quadrants of each tree, with this quadrant effect being significant in only one test. This test had the highest populations on the West and lowest populations on the East.

scholarly journals Inheritance of Resistance to Lettuce Infectious Yellows Virus in Melon

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 1118-1120 ◽  
Author(s):  
James D. McCreight
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cucumis Melo ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Plant Introduction ◽  
Inheritance Of Resistance ◽  
Dominant Allele ◽  
Sweetpotato Whitefly ◽  
Lettuce Infectious Yellows Virus ◽  
Desert Areas ◽  
Greenhouse Tests

Lettuce infectious yellows virus (LIYV), transmitted by the sweetpotato whitefly, (Bemisia tabaci Genn.), seriously affected melon (Cucumis melo L.) production in the lower desert areas of the southwest United States from 1981 through 1990. Melon plant introduction (PI) 313970 was previously found resistant to LIYV in naturally infected field tests and controlled-inoculation greenhouse tests. Data from F1 and segregating generations from crosses of PI 313970 with LIYV-susceptible lines indicated that resistance in this accession is conditioned by a dominant allele at a single locus designated Lettuce infectious yellows (Liy).

scholarly journals Genetic Resistance of Lactuca spp. against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lactucae Race 1

HortScience ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Jesse J. Murray ◽  
Gulnoz Hisamutdinova ◽  
Germán V. Sandoya ◽  
Richard N. Raid ◽  
Stephanie Slinski
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Durable Resistance ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Segregation Ratio ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Plant Introductions ◽  
Soil Pathogen ◽  
Race 1

Fusarium wilt of lettuce is caused by the pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lactucae (Fol) and is a growing threat to global lettuce production. Fol was first detected in Florida in 2017 and was subsequently confirmed as race 1. Management strategies for this long-persisting soil pathogen are limited, time-consuming and expensive, and they may lack efficacy. Identifying diverse sources of genetic resistance is imperative for breeding adapted cultivars with durable resistance. The objectives of this study were to identify sources of resistance against a race 1 isolate of Fol in Florida, delineate the relationship between foliar and taproot symptoms, and investigate the inheritance of resistance and partial resistance in two F2 populations. Thirteen experiments were conducted in greenhouse and field locations to characterize the diversity of genetic resistance in the genus Lactuca. Leaf cultivars Dark Lollo Rossa and Galactic; romaine breeding lines 43007, 60182, and C1145; and iceberg breeding line 47083 consistently exhibited low foliar and taproot disease symptoms. Resistance was not identified among the wildtype Lactuca or primitive plant introductions (PI) in this study based on taproot symptoms. An additional test was conducted to study the segregation pattern of Fol resistance between one resistant and one susceptible accession (R × S) and one partial resistant and one susceptible accession (PR × S). The F2 population from ‘60182 × PI 358001-1’ fit the expected segregation ratio for a single recessive locus model, whereas the ratio for ‘Dark Lollo Rossa × PI 358001-1’ did not fit either recessive or dominant single locus models. These sources of resistance are potential candidates for developing commercial cultivars with multiple resistance loci against Fol race 1, especially for the Florida lettuce production system.

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