scholarly journals Attractiveness of Parboiled Rice Hulls to the Fungus Gnat, Bradysia sp. nr coprophila (Diptera: Sciaridae), Adult Relative to Standard Growing Medium Components

HortScience ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 1366-1369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond A. Cloyd ◽  
Karen A. Marley ◽  
Richard A. Larson ◽  
Bari Arieli
Keyword(s):  
Steam Distillation ◽  
Growing Media ◽  
Parboiled Rice ◽  
Rice Hulls ◽  
Chromatography Analysis ◽  
Medium Components ◽  
Gas Chromatography Analysis ◽  
Growing Medium ◽  
Fungus Gnat ◽  
The Mean

This study was conducted to assess the attractiveness of growing media containing parboiled rice hulls (PBH) to fungus gnat, Bradysia sp. nr. coprophila (Diptera: Sciaridae), adults. In comparing commercially prepared PBH with peatmoss (LC1) and pine bark (SB200)-based growing media, it was established that the fungus gnat adults were not specifically attracted to any of the growing media, even those containing PBH, with the mean proportion of fungus gnat adults recovered in the sample compartments ranging from 0.16 to 0.23. Moisture content was more important in terms of fungus gnat adult attractiveness to the growing media. In addition, the volatile constituents of the various growing media were determined using a steam distillation procedure. The component that was present in the highest concentration (39.2%) in the dried PBH as determined by gas chromatography analysis was palmitic acid, a straight-chain C16 fatty acid. S8 (cyclo-octasulfur), a well-known odoriferous component of degraded waste materials, was present at a higher concentration (6.2%) in the RH1 growing medium (80% peatmoss) compared with the other growing media evaluated. The data indicate that PBH, when incorporated in certain growing media, do not attract fungus gnat adults, and as such, greenhouse producers can use PBH as an amendment to growing medium without having to be concerned with the prospect of luring fungus gnat adults and sustaining plant damage.

scholarly journals Occurrence, Levels and Spatial Distribution of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers: Case Study of Elemi River in Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 264-272
Author(s):  
Olayinka Abidemi Ibigbami
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers ◽  
Chromatography Analysis ◽  
Gas Chromatography Analysis ◽  
Diphenyl Ethers ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Concentration

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were seasonally determined in water and sediments of the Elemi River, Nigeria using gas chromatography analysis. Samples were collected in two consecutive seasons for six months, monitoring the program every month. Three BDEs congeners (28, 47 and 154) were only detected with the mean concentration of ND - 0.001 µg/L and ND - 0.143 µg/kg in water and sediments, respectively. BDEs (99, 100, 153, 183 and 209) were consistently absent in both seasons. The distribution of BDEs showed that BDE 28 was consistently found in the water samples throughout the months of sampling, while the sediments sparingly contained BDE 28 and 47. The study proposed the need for effective measures to reduce the deleterious contribution of these persistent compounds into the rivers.

scholarly journals Effects of Growing Media Containing Diatomaceous Earth on the Fungus Gnat Bradysia sp. nr. coprophila (Lintner) (Diptera: Sciaridae)

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 1806-1809 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond A. Cloyd ◽  
Amy Dickinson
Keyword(s):  
Soil Amendment ◽  
Diatomaceous Earth ◽  
Adult Stage ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Growing Media ◽  
Limited Success ◽  
Fungus Gnats ◽  
Growing Medium ◽  
Fungus Gnat ◽  
Plant Injury

Fungus gnats (Bradysia spp.) are major insect pests in greenhouses. The adult stage is primarily a nuisance whereas the larval stage is directly responsible for plant injury by feeding on plant roots or tunneling into stems. Insecticides are used to deal with fungus gnat larvae in growing medium, although sometimes with limited success. This study evaluated the potential of using a soil amendment—diatomaceous earth (DE) incorporated into growing media—for controlling the fungus gnat Bradysia sp. nr. coprophila. Two experiments were conducted by testing a series of growing media containing various concentrations of diatomaceous earth, and several without diatomaceous earth. The effects of the growing media containing diatomaceous earth on both the 2nd and 3rd instars of fungus gnat larvae were determined by recording the number of adults captured on yellow sticky cards (2.5 × 2.5 cm). Based on the results obtained from both experiments, the addition of DE to growing medium, at the concentrations tested, did not negatively affect or increase efficacy against both the 2nd and 3rd instars. This suggests that incorporating DE into commercially available growing medium may not be beneficial to greenhouse producers. However, further research is needed to assess whether differential larval susceptibility and moisture content influence the ability of DE to control soil-dwelling arthropods.

scholarly journals Bounce® Fabric Softener Dryer Sheets Repel Fungus Gnat, Bradysia sp. nr. coprophila (Diptera: Sciaridae), Adults

HortScience ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (12) ◽  
pp. 1830-1833 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond A. Cloyd ◽  
Karen A. Marley ◽  
Richard A. Larson ◽  
Bari Arieli
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Steam Distillation ◽  
Benzyl Acetate ◽  
Fabric Softener ◽  
Volatile Constituents ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Fungus Gnat ◽  
The Mean

This study was conducted to assess the repellency of Bounce® original brand fabric softener dryer sheets against fungus gnat, Bradysia sp. nr. coprophila (Diptera: Sciaridae), adults. For all five experiments conducted under laboratory conditions, fungus gnat adults collected in the sample compartments that included Bounce® original brand fabric softener dryer sheets ranged between 12% and 18% compared with the mean proportion of fungus gnat adults recovered from sample compartments that excluded dryer sheets, ranging in mean proportion from 33% to 48%. Chemical analysis using a steam distillation procedure to isolate volatile constituents found linalool as one of the major volatiles detected in the Bounce® original brand fabric softener dryer sheets. Additional constituents isolated were benzyl acetate, beta-citronellol, and hedione. Based on the results from our study, under laboratory conditions, Bounce® fabric softener dryer sheets do in fact repel B. sp. nr. coprophila adults.

Cotton gin trash compost and rice hulls as growing medium components for ornamentals

2001 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 431-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Papafotiou ◽  
J. Chronopoulos ◽  
G. Kargas ◽  
M. Voreakou ◽  
N. Leodaritis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rice Hulls ◽  
Medium Components ◽  
Growing Medium ◽  
Cotton Gin

scholarly journals Pengaruh Kombinasi Komposisi Media Tanam dan Konsentrasi Sitokinin terhadap Pertumbuhan Aglaonema

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syariful Mubarok ◽  
A Salimah ◽  
Farida Farida ◽  
Y Rochayat ◽  
Y Setiati
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Size ◽  
Media Composition ◽  
Growing Media ◽  
Rice Hulls ◽  
Growing Medium

ABSTRAK. Pertumbuhan dan kualitas Aglaonema dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor di antaranya media tanam dan aktivitas hormonal. Penggunaan media tanaman alternatif selain pakis dan hormon seperti sitokinin penting untuk diketahui. Tujuan penelitian ialah untuk mengetahui pengaruh kombinasi tiga komposisi media tumbuh sebagai media alternatif serta pemberian sitokinin terhadap pertumbuhan dan kualitas  Aglaonema Fit Langsit. Penelitian dilakukan di Rumah Kaca Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Padjadjaran mulai Bulan Mei sampai dengan Agustus 2008. Komposisi media tanam yang digunakan yaitu arang sekam, cocopeat, dan zeolit dengan perbandingan (2:2:1), (3:2:1), (4:2:1), dan sebagai kontrol digunakan pakis, humus, pasir malang, dan cocopeat (2:1:1:1) yang dikombinasikan dengan pemberian sitokinin dengan konsentrasi 0, 50, dan 100 µl/l yang disemprotkan pada daun setiap 2 minggu sekali. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi arang sekam, cocopeat, dan zeolit (3:2:1) disertai sitokinin 50 µl/l memberikan pengaruh yang lebih baik dibandingkan perlakuan lainnya dalam memperpanjang dan memperlebar ukuran daun, sehingga dapat meningkatkan kualitas tanaman Aglaonema menjadi lebih rimbun dan kompak karena semakin meningkatnya ukuran daun.<br /><br />ABSTRACT. Mubarok, S, Salimah, A, Farida, Rochayat, Y,  and Setiati, Y 2012. The Effect of Growing Media Compositions and Cytokinin Concentrations on the Growth of Aglaonema. The growth and quality of Aglaonema is affected by several factors such as growing media and hormones. The using of alternative growing media and hormones such as cytokinin are urgently needed to be identified. The aim of experiment was to find out the effect of the combination of three growing media composition as an alternative growing medium with cytokinin on the growth and quality of Aglaonema Fit Langsit. This experiment was conducted in Greenhouse at the Faculty of Agriculture, Padjadjaran University from May to August 2008. The compositions of growing media consisted of the mix of carbonated rice hulls, cocopeat, and zeolite at three combinations (2:2:1, 3:2:1, and 4:2:1) and a control consisted of the mix of fern, humus, malang sands, and cocopeat (2:1:1:1). They were combined with cytokinins of 0, 50, and 100 µl/l. The results showed that the composition of carbonated rice hulls, cocopeat, and zeolite (3:2:1) combined with 50 µl/l cytokinin gave a better result than other treatments in increasing leaves length and leaves width, so it increases the quality of Aglaonema become more dense and compact due to by increasing the leaf size. <br />

scholarly journals Effects of Growing Medium Type and Moisture Level on Predation by Adult Rove Beetle, Dalotia coriaria (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae), on Fungus Gnat, Bradysia sp. nr. coprophila (Diptera: Sciaridae), Larvae under Laboratory and Greenhouse Conditions

HortScience ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 736-741 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan J. Herrick ◽  
Raymond A. Cloyd
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Laboratory Experiment ◽  
Growing Media ◽  
Rove Beetles ◽  
Rove Beetle ◽  
Fungus Gnats ◽  
Growing Medium ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Fungus Gnat ◽  
Saturated Treatment

The fungus gnat, Bradysia sp. nr. coprophila (Lintner) (Diptera: Sciaridae), is an insect pest of greenhouse production systems. The rove beetle, Dalotia coriaria [Kraatz] (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae), is a commercially available predator of certain greenhouse insect pests that reside in growing media, including fungus gnats. There is minimal information discussing how growing medium type and moisture level (watering treatment) impact the interactions between pests and natural enemies. Therefore, we conducted laboratory and greenhouse experiments to investigate the influence of two growing media (Sunshine® LC1 Professional Growing Mix and Fafard® 3B Mix Professional Formula) and two moisture levels (“constantly saturated” and “initially saturated”) on predation by adult D. coriaria on B. sp. nr. coprophila larvae after releasing one or two rove beetle adults. In the laboratory experiment, moisture content or the amount of water retained by the growing medium did not significantly influence the recovery of adult fungus gnats for any of the rove beetle treatments. However, there was a significant difference in the recovery of fungus gnat adults between the two growing media. Fewer fungus gnat adults emerged from the Sunshine® LC1 Professional Growing Mix (0.9 ± 0.2 adults) than the Fafard® 3B Mix Professional Formula (6.0 ± 0.9 adults). Significantly fewer adult fungus gnats were recovered in the treatments where one rove beetle adult was released (2.7 ± 0.7 adults) and two rove beetle adults were released (2.3 ± 0.5 adults) compared with the control without rove beetles (5.4 ± 1.4 adults). However, there was no significant difference between the number of rove beetle adults released. In contrast to the laboratory experiment, moisture content in the greenhouse experiment significantly influenced the recovery of adult fungus gnats. More adult fungus gnats were recovered from the “constantly saturated” treatment (9.9 ± 1.4 adults) than the “initially saturated” treatment (3.8 ± 1.0 adults). Similar to the laboratory experiment, there was a significant difference in the recovery of fungus gnat adults between the two growing media, with fewer adults captured from the Sunshine® LC1 Professional Growing Mix (3.2 ± 0.8 adults) than the Fafard® 3B Mix Professional Formula (10.4 ± 1.4 adults). However, the treatments with rove beetle adults [one rove beetle (6.6 ± 1.8 adults) or two rove beetles (5.3 ± 1.5 adults)] were not significantly different from the control without rove beetles (8.6 ± 1.5 adults), suggesting that the growing media and moisture levels were acting directly on fungus gnat survival. The results of our study demonstrate that survival of fungus gnat larvae that reside in the growing medium and the success of rove beetle adults used to regulate these pests can be influenced by growing media and the moisture content within growing media.

Diversity of Root Bacteria from Peanut Cropping Systems

2004 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. T. Gooden ◽  
H. D. Skipper ◽  
J. H. Kim ◽  
K. Xiong
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Biological Control ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Critical Research ◽  
Chromatography Analysis ◽  
Rotation System ◽  
Gas Chromatography Analysis ◽  
Peanut Production

Abstract Rhizobacteria play an important role in sustainable agriculture via plant growth and biological control of pests in a number of ecosystems. Understanding the interactions of crop rotation and rhizobacteria on peanut production is a critical research need. Development of a database on the rhizobacteria obtained from continuous and rotational fields of peanut was initiated in 1997 and terminated in 2000. Peanut was planted in monoculture for 4 yr. In rotational plots, peanut, cotton, corn, and peanut were planted in sequence. Rhizobacteria were isolated from the roots of crop plants grown in a Norfolk soil near Florence, SC. These isolates were identified by composition of fatty acids from gas chromatography analysis (GC/FAME). Arthrobacter and Bacillus were the major genera from non-rhizosphere soils. At initiation of this study in July 1997, the plots selected for continuous peanut had more diversity in rhizobacteria than those plots selected for rotation. In July 2000, rhizobacteria diversity was greater from peanut roots in the rotation cropping system than continuous peanut. Even though rhizobacteria diversity was greater in the rotation system, higher peanut yields were recorded in the continuous peanut system in 2000. Burkholderia spp. were always isolated from the peanut and other crop rhizospheres at each sampling date.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document