scholarly journals Bounce® Fabric Softener Dryer Sheets Repel Fungus Gnat, Bradysia sp. nr. coprophila (Diptera: Sciaridae), Adults

HortScience ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (12) ◽  
pp. 1830-1833 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond A. Cloyd ◽  
Karen A. Marley ◽  
Richard A. Larson ◽  
Bari Arieli
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Steam Distillation ◽  
Benzyl Acetate ◽  
Fabric Softener ◽  
Volatile Constituents ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Fungus Gnat ◽  
The Mean

This study was conducted to assess the repellency of Bounce® original brand fabric softener dryer sheets against fungus gnat, Bradysia sp. nr. coprophila (Diptera: Sciaridae), adults. For all five experiments conducted under laboratory conditions, fungus gnat adults collected in the sample compartments that included Bounce® original brand fabric softener dryer sheets ranged between 12% and 18% compared with the mean proportion of fungus gnat adults recovered from sample compartments that excluded dryer sheets, ranging in mean proportion from 33% to 48%. Chemical analysis using a steam distillation procedure to isolate volatile constituents found linalool as one of the major volatiles detected in the Bounce® original brand fabric softener dryer sheets. Additional constituents isolated were benzyl acetate, beta-citronellol, and hedione. Based on the results from our study, under laboratory conditions, Bounce® fabric softener dryer sheets do in fact repel B. sp. nr. coprophila adults.

scholarly journals Attractiveness of Parboiled Rice Hulls to the Fungus Gnat, Bradysia sp. nr coprophila (Diptera: Sciaridae), Adult Relative to Standard Growing Medium Components

HortScience ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 1366-1369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond A. Cloyd ◽  
Karen A. Marley ◽  
Richard A. Larson ◽  
Bari Arieli
Keyword(s):  
Steam Distillation ◽  
Growing Media ◽  
Parboiled Rice ◽  
Rice Hulls ◽  
Chromatography Analysis ◽  
Medium Components ◽  
Gas Chromatography Analysis ◽  
Growing Medium ◽  
Fungus Gnat ◽  
The Mean

This study was conducted to assess the attractiveness of growing media containing parboiled rice hulls (PBH) to fungus gnat, Bradysia sp. nr. coprophila (Diptera: Sciaridae), adults. In comparing commercially prepared PBH with peatmoss (LC1) and pine bark (SB200)-based growing media, it was established that the fungus gnat adults were not specifically attracted to any of the growing media, even those containing PBH, with the mean proportion of fungus gnat adults recovered in the sample compartments ranging from 0.16 to 0.23. Moisture content was more important in terms of fungus gnat adult attractiveness to the growing media. In addition, the volatile constituents of the various growing media were determined using a steam distillation procedure. The component that was present in the highest concentration (39.2%) in the dried PBH as determined by gas chromatography analysis was palmitic acid, a straight-chain C16 fatty acid. S8 (cyclo-octasulfur), a well-known odoriferous component of degraded waste materials, was present at a higher concentration (6.2%) in the RH1 growing medium (80% peatmoss) compared with the other growing media evaluated. The data indicate that PBH, when incorporated in certain growing media, do not attract fungus gnat adults, and as such, greenhouse producers can use PBH as an amendment to growing medium without having to be concerned with the prospect of luring fungus gnat adults and sustaining plant damage.

scholarly journals THE DNA OF CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS

Genetics ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-104
Author(s):  
J E Sulston ◽  
S Brenner
Keyword(s):  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Base Composition ◽  
Nematode Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
5S Rna ◽  
Base Pairs ◽  
Small Component ◽  
E Coli ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACT Chemical analysis and a study of renaturation kinetics show that the nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans, has a haploid DNA content of 8 x IO7 base pairs (20 times the genome of E. coli). Eighty-three percent of the DNA sequences are unique. The mean base composition is 36% GC; a small component, containing the rRNA cistrons, has a base composition of 51% GC. The haploid genome contains about 300 genes for 4s RNA, 110 for 5s RNA, and 55 for (18 + 28)S RNA.

scholarly journals Early development and allometric growth in Nannacara anomala Regan, 1905 (Perciformes: Cichlidae) under laboratory conditions

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 659-665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Kupren ◽  
Maja Prusińska ◽  
Daniel Żarski ◽  
Sławomir Krejszeff ◽  
Dariusz Kucharczyk
Keyword(s):  
Early Development ◽  
Morphological Development ◽  
Allometric Growth ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Total Length ◽  
Larvae And Juveniles ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Accelerated Growth

Morphological development and allometric growth of laboratory reared Nannacara anomala were studied from hatching to the loss of larval characters and beginning of squamation (18 days post-hatching) at 26°C. The mean total length (TL) of larvae and juveniles increased from 3.74 mm at hatching to 9.60 mm at metamorphosis. Morphogenesis and differentiation were most intense during the first week of development. During this period (TL interval = 3.74 - 4.84 mm) there was an evident priority to enhance the feeding and swimming capabilities by promoting accelerated growth in the head and tail regions. Following this period, there was a major decrease in growth coefficients, indicating a change in growth priorities. Observations on the early development of Nannacara anomala confirmed the basic uniformity development of a substrate brooding cichlid.

Some aspects of the life cycle of the tick ixodes pilosus under laboratory conditions

1991 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Rechav
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Feeding Time ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Preoviposition Period ◽  
The Mean

Some aspects of the life cycle of the tick Ixodes pilosus were studied under laboratory conditions. The preoviposition period was 7,2 ± 0,6 d. Maximum egg production was on Day 4 after oviposition commenced, with total egg production of 2 395 ± 128,7 eggs per female. The mean feeding time of larvae was 3,3 ± 0,1 d. The life cycle could not be completed due to the specific requirements of this species.

scholarly journals Biology of Anicla infecta (Ochsenheimer, 1816) (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Noctuinae), under laboratory conditions

2001 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 661-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. TESTON ◽  
A. SPECHT ◽  
E. CORSEUIL
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Standard Error ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Adult Longevity ◽  
Environmental Chamber ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Larvae of Anicla infecta (Ochsenheimer, 1816) (Noctuidae) feed upon many grasses and may be harmful to cereals and fodder of economic importance. This study was developed aiming to contribute to knowledge of the biology of this species. The rearing was done in an environmental chamber with the following settings: temperature of 25 ± 1ºC; relative humidity of 70% <FONT FACE=Symbol>±</FONT> 10%, and photoperiod of L14: D10. The larvae fed on ryegrass, Lolium multiflorum Lam. The results express the mean and standard error for the length of every stage in days. For each stage we observed the following time of development: egg 3.2 <FONT FACE=Symbol>±</FONT> 0.09; larvae 18.7 <FONT FACE=Symbol>±</FONT> 0.07; pre-pupae 3.3 <FONT FACE=Symbol>±</FONT> 0.04; pupae 12.6 <FONT FACE=Symbol>±</FONT> 0.14; and adult longevity was 12.1 <FONT FACE=Symbol>±</FONT> 1.03. Also the pre-egg-laying period was 4.4 <FONT FACE=Symbol>±</FONT> 0.59; the egg-laying period was 8.1 <FONT FACE=Symbol>±</FONT> 0.84; and the post-egg-laying period was 0.3 <FONT FACE=Symbol>±</FONT> 0.14. The mean number of egg-laying cycles per female was 6.7 <FONT FACE=Symbol>±</FONT> 0.73; that of eggs per cycle was 77.5 <FONT FACE=Symbol>±</FONT> 4.37; and total eggs per female was 521.4 <FONT FACE=Symbol>±</FONT> 47.36.

Estimation and Identification of Turpentine in Multi-Component Mixtures: Identification of Pure Turpentine

1966 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 749-755
Author(s):  
Wilbur L Saxton
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Steam Distillation ◽  
Commercial Products ◽  
Value Recovery ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The U.S

Abstract Turpentine is separated from multi-component products by steam distillation, quantitatively determined by a titrimetric bromination, and identified by gas chromatography of the brominated product. The method is satisfactory for each of the three types of turpentine produced in the U.S. but does not distinguish among them. Twenty-five samples of turpentine, representing the three main types, obtained from various sources, were assayed by the proposed method to determine range of titration value and the mean titration value. Recovery of turpentine from three products containing known added amounts were 83, 100, and 104%. The 25 samples of turpentine and 10 samples of commercial products known to contain turpentine all gave similar gas chromatographic curves. Curves show that a combination of peaks lying between 0.5 and 0.85 retention time (relative to aldrin) can be used to identify turpentine.

scholarly journals Assessment of acquired immune response to Rhipicephalus appendiculatus tick infestation in different goat breeds

2013 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeyanthi B.P. Gopalraj ◽  
Francoise C. Clarke ◽  
Edward F. Donkin
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
South African ◽  
Tick Infestation ◽  
Gamma Globulin ◽  
Adult Tick ◽  
Rhipicephalus Appendiculatus ◽  
Female Tick ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Indigenous Goats

Changes in serum gamma globulin levels, numbers of replete female ticks and engorged tick mass were used as parameters to monitor the acquired immune response (antibody mediated immune response) elicited by Rhipicephalus appendiculatus adult tick infestations. Three consecutive Rhipicephalus appendiculatus adult tick infestations were applied to South African Indigenous goats (Nguni), Saanen goats and cross-bred goats (Saanen goats crossed with South African Indigenous goats [Nguni]) under laboratory conditions. During the three consecutive Rhipicephalus appendiculatus adult tick infestations the serum gamma globulin levels increased in all three breeds, whilst the mean replete female tick numbers and engorged tick mass decreased. Even though all three goat breeds exhibited an acquired immune response, the South African Indigenous goats (Nguni) response was significantly higher than that of the Saanen and cross-bred goats. However, the acquired immune response elicited by Saanen goats was significantly lower when compared with cross-bred goats.

Annealing of some II-IV-V2 crystals in the vapor of volatile constituents

2001 ◽  
Vol 692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeriy G. Voevodin ◽  
Olga V. Voevodina ◽  
Svetlana A. Bereznaya ◽  
Zoya V. Korotchenko ◽  
Nils C. Fernelius ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Hall Effect ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Initial Imperfection ◽  
Structural Defects ◽  
Volatile Constituents ◽  
Hall Effect Measurements

AbstractExperiments on annealing of CdGeAs2-, CdSnAs2- and ZnGeP2-crystals in the vapor of volatile constituents were carried out. Conductivity and Hall effect measurements were performed to characterize the modification of electrical properties, caused by the interaction of the crystal with the gas phase during annealing. Literature data and the results of the present work are discussed based on the results of a quasi-chemical analysis. This yielded that the results of annealing depends essentially on both the conditions of the experiment and the initial imperfection of the crystal. The most probable native structural defects becoming apparent under the annealing were the following: for CdSnAs2 - SnCd, VAs; for CdGeAs2 - VAs, VCd, CdGe, GeCd; for CdSiAs2 - SiAs, VAs ; for CdSiP2 - VCd, VP; for ZnGeP2 - ZnGe, GeZn, VZn, VP; and for ZnSnP2- ZnSn, SnZn, VZn, VP.

Chemical Analysis of Volatile Constituents ofBerula erecta(Hudson) Coville subsp.erecta(Apiaceae) From Serbia

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelena Lazarević ◽  
Niko Radulović ◽  
Radosav Palić ◽  
Bojan Zlatković
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Volatile Constituents

scholarly journals Rearing of Maize Stem Borer, Chilo partellus (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) under Laboratory Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 22-26
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ijaz ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Chilo Partellus ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Larval Instar ◽  
Stem Borer ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
The Mean

Maize is an important cereal crop grown for food, fodder and raw material throughout the world. It is rick source of proteins, carbohydrates and vitamins. Maize production is decreasing day by day due to attacked of more than 250 insect species and mites. Among insect pests, maize stem borer, Chilo partellus is most destructive pest for maize production. The rearing of maize stem borer, C. partellus was conducted under laboratory conditions in National Agricultural research Centre (NARC) Islamabad. The complete metamorphosis (egg, larva, pupa and adult) was recorded in C. partellus. The mean value of egg was 4.67 ± 1.09 days. There were six larval instar of C. partellus and total larval period was 18-48 days. The growth period of first, second, third, fourth, fifth and sixth larval instar was 3-6, 2-6, 3-7, 3-8, 3-9 and 5-11 days respectively on maize leaves. The mean average duration of pupa was 9.00±2.25 days. The female was long lived than male. The total developmental period from egg to adult was 30-65 days.

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