Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Pucuk Kenikir pada Beberapa Komposisi Media Tanam dan Interval Pemanenan (The Growth and Shoot Production of Cosmos caudatus with Various Plant Media Composition and Harvesting Interval)

<p>Kenikir dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai sayuran dengan cara mengonsumsi pucuknya. Kenikir banyak dijumpai sebagai tumbuhan liar sehingga diperlukan upaya untuk meningkatkan produksi pucuk kenikir. Produksi pucuk kenikir dapat dioptimalkan dengan melakukan perbaikan teknik budidaya, salah satunya pengaturan komposisi media tanam dan interval panen pucuk. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pengaruh komposisi media tanam dan interval pemanenan terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi pucuk kenikir. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Februari sampai dengan Mei 2019 di Kebun Percobaan Fakultas Pertanian UGJ, Cirebon. Percobaan dilakukan dalam dua tahap, yaitu pengaruh komposisi media tanam terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi pucuk kenikir pada panen pertama serta pengaruh interaksi antara komposisi media tanam dan interval pemanenan terhadap produksi pucuk pada panen kedua. Rancangan percobaan pada percobaan pertama menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) satu faktor, yaitu komposisi media tanam dengan sembilan ulangan dan rancangan percobaan pada percobaan kedua menggunakan RAK faktorial dua faktor. Faktor pertama adalah komposisi media tanam dan faktor kedua adalah interval pemanenan dan diulang sebanyak tiga kali. Komposisi media tanam terdiri atas tanah, tanah : pukan (2:1), dan tanah : pukan (1:1). Interval pemanenan yang dicobakan terdiri atas tiga taraf, yaitu 10, 15, dan 20 hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa media tanam tanah : pukan (1:1) meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan produksi pucuk kenikir baik pada saat panen pertama maupun panen kedua. Interval pemanenan 20 hari menurunkan produksi pucuk total disebabkan interval pemanenan yang terlalu lama menyebabkan banyaknya pucuk kenikir yang berbunga sehingga menjadi tidak layak untuk dipanen.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong></p><p>Interval pemanenan; Kenikir (Cosmos caudatus); Media tanam; Pertumbuhan; Produksi pucuk</p><p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>Cosmos caudatus can be used as vegetable by its shoots. Cosmos are found as wild plant so that efforts are needed to increase shoot production. Shoot production can be optimized by media composition and harvesting interval. This research objective was to investigate planting media composition and harvesting interval effect on growth and shoot production of cosmos. The research was carried out for three months at Cirebon. The experiment was carried out in two stages: (1) the effect of media composition on growth and shoot at the first harvest and (2) the effect of interaction between media composition and shoot harvesting interval at the second harvest. The experimental design for first experiment used Randomized Block Design (RBD), namely the composition of media of soil, 2:1 soil-manure and 1:1 soil-manure with nine replications. Meanwhile, we used two factor factorial RBD for second experiment. The first factor was the media composition and the second factor was three harvest interval with three replications. The result showed that planting media of soil and manure (1:1) increased the growth and shoot both in the first and second harvesting. The harvesting interval of 20 days decrease the total shoot because many branches to flower so they cannot be harvested.</p>

Effectiveness of Gandasil D Fertilizer Concentration on Indigofera Seedling Growth in Various Growing Media Compositions

Indigofera sp. is an environmentally friendly source of indigo dye for batik production and a material for livestock industry because this plant potentially serves as a forage protein source. This plant has the potential to be further developed and its cultivation requires quality seeds. Seedling growth is an important factor in achieving maximum productivity. Increasing its growth can be done by providing sufficient nutrients and using appropriate growing media. The results showed that there was an interaction between the concentration of Gandasil D fertilizer and growing media composition, namely at Gandasil D fertilizer concentration of 2 g/1 liter of water and a growing medium consisting of coco peat and compost with the parameters of plant height and stem diameter observed at 10 WAP. The Gandasil D fertilizer concentration of 2 g/1 liter of water affected the growth of Indigofera seedlings more effectively than other concentrations. A growing medium consisting of coco peat and compost with a ratio of 1:1 was more effective in boosting the growth of Indigofera seedlings than growing media consisting of other compositions.

Biological pretreatment of rice husks with the white-rot fungus pleurotus ostreatus: the role of laccase activity

The main objective of this study was to determine the influence of the composition of the culture medium and lignocellulosic compounds on the secretion of laccase enzymes by P. ostreatus in submerged cultures. These studies were done using a statistical and systematic approach that allowed the control of the culture media composition. The optimal nutritional conditions were found that simultaneously increased fungal growth and laccase activity in the absence and presence of copper sulfate, a recognized inducer of laccase. Under these conditions, the biochemical aspects of transcripts in P. ostreatus related to laccase secretion were evaluated , which revealed the participation of membrane transporters with high affinity for copper (CTRs) as intermediate candidates for the regulation of three laccase genes, lacc2, lacc6, and lacc10. Moreover, the evaluation of the results of the culture media composition suggests that the regulation of these transporters is closely linked to sufficient nutritional conditions in carbon and nitrogen, with central participation of the metabolism of organic nitrogen in this process. With these findings, it was possible to obtain more profound knowledge of the pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass by P. ostreatus in a submerged culture that was oriented to determine the role of laccase activity in the biological pretreatment of rice husks.

The possibility to enhance flavonoids production in Rubia tinctorum L. callus cultures

Production of flavonoids in madder callus culture (Rubia tinctorum L.) was dependent on culture conditions and culture media composition. The content of flavonoids increased in calli maintained on media supplemented with NAA (4 mg.l-1) or NAA:BAP (4 mg.l-1 a 1 mg.l-1) in 16 h photoperiod. Flavonoids represented 2.08 – 2.25 % of callus dry mass. The presence of Cd(NO3)2 (3.1 or 31.0 mg.l-1 concentrations) negatively influenced callus growth, but enhaced the percentage of dry mass in callus cells. During 42 days of culture an increase of cadmium accumulation and even of flavonoids has been observed. The most considerable influence of CdCl2 or Cd(NO3)2 on flavonoids content has been shown in short-term experiments after 48 h of callus culture. More distinct influence has been observed under the treatment with CdCl2 (0.005 mg.l-1) in comparison with Cd(NO3)2.

ROOT INDUCTION OF PATCHOULI PLANT STEM CUTTINGS USING IBA GROWTH REGULATOR ON SEVERAL PLANT MEDIA

Patchouli (Pogostemon cablin Benth.) plant is one of the essential oil producing plants, that is useful in the chemical industry as a raw material for fragrance products and in the pharmaceutical field. The success rate of patchouli early growth, is largely determined by the cultivation techniques used, including the use of growth regulators, and growing media. This study aims to determine the effect of IBA growth regulators and the composition of plant media on the growth of patchouli plants. This research is carried out in the Greenhouse of the Forestry Study Program of the University of Mataram, using a Factorial Completely Randomized Design (RALF), the first factor is IBA growth regulator with 3 levels, namely 0, 20, 25 ppm and the second factor is composition of plant media with 3 levels, namely forest soil media, soil media:sand:compost (1:1:1), and soil media:sand:compost (2:1:3). The results show that the effect of IBA significantly affect the success percentage of cuttings and the number of roots of patchouli plants. The effect of plant media composition and the interaction between treatment of IBA with plant media composition did not have a significant effect on the growth parameters of patchouli plants.

Enhancement of nutritional value on zooplankton by alteration of algal media composition: A review

In aquaculture, fish larvae regularly need a balanced diet according to the timescale because such diets essential for constant growth and reproduction and can avoid malnutrition. Thus, the use of live food organisms is critical as it will first feed for fish larvae. Studies have shown that zooplankton have more excellent digestibility and are suitable as live prey species for different sizes than other live foods (e.g. rotifer and Artemia). However, zooplankton nutrition still needs to improve to meet the nutritional requirement for fish larvae. Feeding zooplankton with well-nourished microalgae is important as it affects the nutritional value of the zooplankton. Algal growth is related to micronutrients (e.g. nitrogen, phosphorus or selenium) supply in the culture medium and the availability of nutrients affects the quality of the algal. Thus, by enriching the algal diet with micronutrients from the culture media, the nutritional value of zooplankton can be improved. This review focuses on the nutritional value of zooplankton through the manipulation of algal media composition as well as wastewater. The relation between the composition of algal media and nitrogen and phosphorus limitation are also discussed. The review links the microalgae nutrient essential with manipulating algal media composition and the change of zooplankton nutrients.

Improving the growth of cempaka (Elmerillia ovalis) seedlings to accelerate ex situ plantation

Cempaka tree (Elmerillia ovalis), best known as a multipurpose tree species, is mostly used for the building of luxurious traditional houses of the Toraja and Minahasa Tribe as well as for religious sculptures. Due to the specific qualifications, the cempaka wood demands gradually increase, while the populations in nature drastically decrease. On the other hand, early seedling growth encounters many obstacles such as recalcitrant seeds, slow growth, and sensitivity to leaf disease. This study aimed to improve the quality of the seedling prepared for a higher survival rate when planted in the field. This research was conducted at the nursery of the Bogor Forest Research and Development Centre, Indonesia. The factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design, consisting of two factors: wood vinegar as a growth stimulant and media composition, in three replications. The stimulant factor consisted of two levels: the addition of wood vinegar (1.5 %) and (control), and the media composition factor consisted of four levels: (a) soil 100%, (b) soil: cocopeat rice husks (6: 3: 1), (c) soil: rice husks (1:1), and (d) soil: manure (2:1). The observed parameters were seedling height, diameter, root/shoot ratio, seedling quality index (SQI). The best growth of cempaka seedlings resulted in treatments of wood vinegar in combination with soil media mixed with manure. Seedlings in this treatment height 58.93 cm, 6.8 mm diameter, S/R ratio 3.61, and 1.26 SQI, respectively, better than the others. The best treatment also gives the 12 months seedlings absence of leaf disease.

Pertumbuhan Tanaman Vanili (Vanilla planifolia) dalam Polybag pada Beberapa Kombinasi Media Tanam dan Frekuensi Penyiraman Menggunakan Teknologi Irigasi Tetes

The study aimed to find the media composition and watering frequency through drip irrigation technology, which is appropriate to support the growth of vanilla plants in polybags. The research was conducted in the STIPER Dharma Wacana Metro experimental garden from April to July 2020. The first factor is the composition of the planting medium, namely soil + manure, soil + manure + rice husks, soil + manure + sand, and soil + manure + cocopeat. The second factor is watering frequency, namely 1, 2, and 3 times a day. Each treatment was repeated three times. The variables observed included plant height (cm), number of leaves (strands), shoot fresh weight (g), root fresh weight (g), and biomass dry weight (g). The use of mixed media of soil, manure, and cocopeat is the best media composition by producing a root wet weight of 8.0 g and a dry weight of 7.2 g. The frequency of watering three times a day resulted in the best height of vanilla plants being 51.8 cm compared to the frequency of watering once and twice a day. There was no interaction between the composition of the growing media and the frequency of watering on vanilla plants growth in polybags.