Antitranspirational Efficacy and Longevity of Abscisic Acid and a Synthetic Abscisic Acid Analog in Pansies (Viola ×wittrockiana)

Physiological antitranspirants can reduce financial risks to growers by temporarily preventing drought stress, improving product quality, and extending the shelf life of ornamental bedding plants. Exogenous abscisic acid (ABA) is an effective antitranspirant that induces stomatal closure in a rate-dependent manner, reducing transpirational water loss in many species. However, it may also cause chlorosis, which reduces product quality. Synthetic ABA analogs have similar effects on stomatal conductance (gS) but are not known to induce chlorosis. We studied the effects of ABA and its analog 8′ acetylene ABA methyl-ester (PBI 429) on gS and net photosynthesis (Pn) in pansies (Viola ×wittrockiana), compared the efficacy and longevity of each compound, and quantified the resulting chlorosis. Plants were treated with spray solutions of ABA (0 to 2000 mg·L−1) and PBI 429 (0 to 200 mg·L−1) and irrigated daily. Gas exchange and leaf chlorophyll measurements were made twice weekly for 2 weeks. Additional measurements were taken once or twice weekly through 47 days. Abscisic acid reduced leaf chlorophyll content and Pn in a rate-dependent manner for 14 days after application but reduced gS for only 11 days, whereas PBI 429 reduced Pn and gS similarly for 7 days and did not reduce leaf chlorophyll content. Reductions in gS and Pn were greatest on the first day after treatment for both compounds. Our results demonstrate that ABA is more effective than PBI 429 at 100 and 200 mg·L−1, but also causes chlorosis, whereas PBI 429 is an effective antitranspirant without this phytotoxic effect.

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Response of Soybean to Low Concentrations of Ozone: I. Reductions in Leaf and Whole Plant Net Photosynthesis and Leaf Chlorophyll Content

Journal of Environmental Quality ◽

10.2134/jeq1986.00472425001500010008x ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 31-36 ◽

Cited By ~ 43

Author(s):

P. B. Reich ◽

A. W. Schoettle ◽

R. M. Raba ◽

R. G. Amundson

Keyword(s):

Chlorophyll Content ◽

Net Photosynthesis ◽

Leaf Chlorophyll Content ◽

Leaf Chlorophyll ◽

Whole Plant ◽

Low Concentrations

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Increased Fertilizer Levels Do Not Prevent Abscisic Acid–Induced Chlorosis in Pansy

HortTechnology ◽

10.21273/horttech03441-16 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 26 (5) ◽

pp. 647-650

Author(s):

Jong-Goo Kang ◽

Rhuanito Soranz Ferrarezi ◽

Sue K. Dove ◽

Geoffrey M. Weaver ◽

Marc W. van Iersel

Keyword(s):

Abscisic Acid ◽

Controlled Release ◽

Chlorophyll Content ◽

Stomatal Closure ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Fertilization Rate ◽

Fertilizer Rate ◽

Controlled Release Fertilizer ◽

Leaf Chlorophyll ◽

Fertilizer Rates

Abscisic acid (ABA) is a plant hormone involved in regulating stomatal responses to environmental stress. By inducing stomatal closure, applications of exogenous ABA can reduce plant water use and delay the onset of drought stress when plants are not watered. However, ABA can also cause unwanted side effects, including chlorosis. Pansy (Viola ×wittrockiana) has been shown to be particularly susceptible to ABA-induced chlorosis. The objective of this study was to determine if fertilization rate affects the severity of ABA-induced chlorosis in this species. ‘Delta Premium Pure Yellow’ pansy seedlings were fertilized with controlled-release fertilizer incorporated at rates from 0 to 8 g·L−1 of substrate. When plants had reached a salable size, half the plants were sprayed with a solution containing 1 g·L−1 ABA, whereas the other plants were sprayed with water. Leaf chlorophyll content was monitored for 2 weeks following ABA application. Leaf chlorophyll content increased greatly as fertilizer rate increased from 0 to 2 g·L−1, with little increase in leaf chlorophyll at even higher fertilizer rates. ABA induced chlorosis, irrespective of the fertilizer rate. Plant dry weight was lowest when no controlled-release fertilizer was incorporated, but similar in all fertilized treatments. ABA treatment reduced shoot dry weight by ≈24%, regardless of fertilization rate. This may be due to ABA-induced stomatal closure, which limits carbon dioxide (CO2) diffusion into the leaves. We conclude that ABA sprays induce chlorosis, regardless of which fertilizer rate is used. However, because leaf chlorophyll concentration increases with increasing fertilizer rates, higher fertilizer rates can mask ABA-induced chlorosis.

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The applicability of empirical vegetation indices for determining leaf chlorophyll content over different leaf and canopy structures

Ecological Complexity ◽

10.1016/j.ecocom.2013.11.005 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 17 ◽

pp. 119-130 ◽

Cited By ~ 68

Author(s):

H. Croft ◽

J.M. Chen ◽

Y. Zhang

Keyword(s):

Chlorophyll Content ◽

Vegetation Indices ◽

Leaf Chlorophyll Content ◽

Leaf Chlorophyll

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RIL-StEp: epistasis analysis of rice recombinant inbred lines (RILs) reveals candidate interacting genes that control seed hull color and leaf chlorophyll content

G3 Genes|Genome|Genetics ◽

10.1093/g3journal/jkab130 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Toshiyuki Sakai ◽

Akira Abe ◽

Motoki Shimizu ◽

Ryohei Terauchi

Keyword(s):

Chlorophyll Content ◽

Recombinant Inbred ◽

Complex Traits ◽

Genetic Architecture ◽

Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽

Inbred Lines ◽

Gene Interactions ◽

Leaf Chlorophyll Content ◽

Leaf Chlorophyll ◽

Seed Hull

Abstract Characterizing epistatic gene interactions is fundamental for understanding the genetic architecture of complex traits. However, due to the large number of potential gene combinations, detecting epistatic gene interactions is computationally demanding. A simple, easy-to-perform method for sensitive detection of epistasis is required. Due to their homozygous nature, use of recombinant inbred lines (RILs) excludes the dominance effect of alleles and interactions involving heterozygous genotypes, thereby allowing detection of epistasis in a simple and interpretable model. Here, we present an approach called RIL-StEp (recombinant inbred lines stepwise epistasis detection) to detect epistasis using single nucleotide polymorphisms in the genome. We applied the method to reveal epistasis affecting rice (Oryza sativa) seed hull color and leaf chlorophyll content and successfully identified pairs of genomic regions that presumably control these phenotypes. This method has the potential to improve our understanding of the genetic architecture of various traits of crops and other organisms.

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