Contribution to the Selection of Blackberry Through Fruit Physical Variables

To contribute to commercial classification, this work sought to evaluate correlations between fruit mass and other physical characteristics of blackberry fruit, indicating direct and indirect effects of morphology and physical characteristics on blackberry fruit mass. The variables evaluated were the total mass of the blackberry fruit along with its physical components: fruit length, greater transverse diameter, smaller transverse diameter, fruit area, fruit perimeter, and fruit volume. Results of our analyses show that an increase in fruit length, fruit perimeter, and fruit volume reflects an increase in the total mass of the blackberry fruit. Indirectly, greater values of fruit length, greater transverse diameter, and smaller transverse diameter reflect an increase in the perimeter and volume of the blackberry fruit, thus contributing to larger, more attractive fruit.

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Physical characteristics of passionfruit cv. BRS gigante amarelo produced by flowers with three and four carpels

Bioscience Journal ◽

10.14393/bj-v36n5a2020-41776 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 36 (5) ◽

Author(s):

Danilo Akio de Sousa Esashika ◽

Fábio Gelape Faleiro ◽

Nilton Tadeu Vilela Junqueira

Keyword(s):

Spherical Shape ◽

Physical Characteristics ◽

Transverse Diameter ◽

Reproductive Structure ◽

Tukey Test ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Pericarp Thickness ◽

Fruit Mass ◽

Longitudinal Diameter

The carpel is the female reproductive structure composed of a set of stigma, style and ovary. Normally passionflower have three carpels, however, some cultivars have this structure in greater quantity. The objective of this work was to identify relationships between the number of carpels and the physical characteristics of BRS Gigante Amarelo fruits. The flowers with three and four carpels were marked, pollinated and the fruits harvested from these flowers analyzed for transverse diameter, longitudinal diameter, pericarp thickness, fruit mass, pulp mass, pulp ratio, number and weight of seeds. A completely randomized design with 10 replicates per treatment was used and each plot had the average of 3 fruits. The data were submitted to variance analysis and the means were compared by the Tukey test at 5% of probability. The fruits generated by flowers with 4 carpels were 18,30% heavier, their pulp were on average 20.75% heavier, presented transverse diameter 7,53% superior to that of fruits generated by flowers with 3 carpels. Similar increments were identified regarding the number of seeds and the weight of seeds per fruit that increased 18,85% and 52.42%, respectively. This result indicates that cv. BRS Yellow Giant with 4 carpels generates heavier fruits, pulp and seeds with a more spherical shape.

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Global Cities and Housing Dilemmas

Perspectives on Global Development and Technology ◽

10.1163/15691497-12341393 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

pp. 337-349

Author(s):

Elham Fallah Manshadi ◽

Afrooz Fallah Manshadi

Keyword(s):

Urban Space ◽

Site Selection ◽

Indirect Effects ◽

Human Life ◽

Space Structures ◽

Global Cities ◽

Direct And Indirect Effects ◽

Residential Land Use ◽

Space Polarization ◽

Selection Of

Globalization is one of the outcomes of extended economic development in recent decades, which inevitably has direct and indirect effects on different aspects of human life. This paper explains the effect of globalization on housing dilemmas in global cities or cities that want to be global. For this phenomenon, the effect of immigration—resulting from globalization and space polarization, the economic influence of globalization on housing as a global good, the effect of globalization on cultural characteristics, and finally changes in urban space structures emerging from globalization—on site selection of residential land use will be analyzed.

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Correlations and path analysis of yield components in cowpea

Cropp Breeding and Applied Biotechnology ◽

10.1590/1984-70332014v14n2a15 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 82-87 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Adriano dos Santos ◽

Gessí Ceccon ◽

Livia Maria Chamma Davide ◽

Agenor Martinho Correa ◽

Valdecir Batista Alves

Keyword(s):

Experimental Design ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Vigna Unguiculata ◽

Indirect Effects ◽

Yield Components ◽

Indirect Selection ◽

Direct And Indirect Effects ◽

Genotypic And Phenotypic Correlations ◽

Selection Of ◽

Multiple Character

Obtaining correlations and direct and indirect effects of yield components is important for the selection of promising parental and segregating populations. The objective of this research was to estimate the genotypic and phenotypic correlations, and to analyze the direct and indirect effects of yield components on grain yield in 20 cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) genotypes. The experimental design was in randomized blocks with 20 treatments and 4 replications. The character showed low to moderate possibility of gain from indirect selection, with greater possibility for success when joining multiple character and a genotype of better performance.

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Aplicability of phenotypic and canonic correlations and path coefficients in the selection of oat genotypes

Scientia Agricola ◽

10.1590/s0103-90162006000100003 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 63 (1) ◽

pp. 11-19 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Claudir Lorencetti ◽

Fernando Irajá Félix de Carvalho ◽

Antônio Costa de Oliveira ◽

Igor Pirez Valério ◽

Irineu Hartwig ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Indirect Effects ◽

Agronomic Traits ◽

Direct Selection ◽

Individual Plant ◽

Direct And Indirect Effects ◽

Direct Effects ◽

Genetic Progress ◽

Path Coefficients ◽

Selection Of

Indirect selection through traits of higher heritability and of case measurements can result in larger genetic progress compared to using direct selection. This work was performed with the following objectives: (1) to estimative the phenotypic correlations between individual plant grain yield and agronomic traits of importance in the selection of white oat (Avena sativa L.) genotypes; (2) to identify traits that have the higher direct and indirect effects on grain yield; (3) to determine the intensity of association between primary and secondary components of grain yield; and, (4) to evaluate the consistency of these estimates using five oat genotypes crossed in a diallel format. The number of panicles per plant (NPP) showed to be the trait highest correlated with individual plant grain yield (GY) both through single correlations and through direct effects on grain yields. For weight of a thousand grains (WTG) ´ GY, in most crosses there was no detected association, leading to possible troubles for breeders, since larger grains were not associated to higher yield, except for the crosses UPF16 ´ UFRGS17 and UFRGS17 ´ URPel95/015. The trait number of grains per plant (NGP) was directly correlated with GY in all crosses, although the direct effects estimates on GY were negative for the crosses UPF16 ´ UPF18, UPF16 ´ URPel95/015, UPF18 ´ UFRGS17 and UFRGS7 ´ URPel95/015, indicating that correlations are not the main causes altering GY, which could be explained, in the present work, by indirect effects via NPP and mainly via panicle weight (PW).

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Impact of cloud-borne aerosol representation on aerosol direct and indirect effects

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions ◽

10.5194/acpd-6-4341-2006 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 4341-4373

Author(s):

S. J. Ghan ◽

R. C. Easter

Keyword(s):

Indirect Effects ◽

Total Mass ◽

Mass Concentration ◽

Aerosol Particles ◽

Direct And Indirect Effects ◽

Cloud Droplets ◽

Aerosol Model ◽

Radiation Fields ◽

Complete Treatment ◽

Global Mean

Abstract. Aerosol particles attached to cloud droplets are much more likely to be removed from the atmosphere and are much less efficient at scattering sunlight than if unattached. Models used to estimate direct and indirect effects of aerosols employ a variety of representations of such cloud-borne particles. Here we use a global aerosol model with a relatively complete treatment of cloud-borne particles to estimate the sensitivity of simulated aerosol, cloud and radiation fields to various approximations to the representation of cloud-borne particles. We find that neglecting transport of cloud-borne particles introduces little error, but that diagnosing cloud-borne particles produces global mean biases of 20% and local errors of up to 40% for many variables of interest. A treatment that predicts the total mass concentration of cloud-borne particles for each mode yields smaller errors and runs 20% faster than the complete treatment.

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GENETIC GAINS IN THE POPCORN POPULATION UENF-14: DEVELOPING THE NINTH GENERATION OF INTRAPOPULATION RECURRENT SELECTION

Revista Caatinga ◽

10.1590/1983-21252019v32n307rc ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 32 (3) ◽

pp. 625-633

Author(s):

AMANDA GONÇALVES GUIMARÃES ◽

ANTÔNIO TEIXEIRA DO AMARAL JÚNIOR ◽

GUILHERME FERREIRA PENA ◽

JANEO EUSTÁQUIO DE ALMEIDA FILHO ◽

MESSIAS GONZAGA PEREIRA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Indirect Effects ◽

Recurrent Selection ◽

Selection Process ◽

Selection Index ◽

Average Height ◽

Direct And Indirect Effects ◽

Genetic Progress ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Selection Of

ABSTRACT The occurrence of negative correlations between grain yield (GY) and popping expansion (PE) in popcorn complicates the selection process. In an attempt to overcome this inconvenience, we proposed the use of the importance characteristic volume per popcorn per hectare (PV). The objectives of this study were to develop the ninth cycle of the UENF-14 popcorn population, to estimate the direct and indirect effects of PV and to verify the genetic progress among all selective cycles. We obtained and evaluated 200 inbred progenies in randomised blocks arranged in replicates within sets, with nine sets consisting of 25 progenies and one set with all previous eight cycles with three replicates. The average height of the plants, prolificacy, 100-grain weight, grain yield, grain popping expansion and volume per popcorn per hectare were evaluated. Track analysis was performed to determine the direct and indirect effects, and the Mulamba and Mock selection index was calculated for the selection of the 40 superior progenies. There was genetic variability among progenies in all evaluated traits, with a cause-and-effect relationship between PV with GY and PE, allowing simultaneous gains with indirect selection. The selection of the best progenies was more effective when using arbitrarily assigned weights, which provided higher predicted gains for PV (20.73%). The means obtained in all cycles indicated increases, demonstrating the efficiency of using continuous recurrent selection in popcorn breeding programs.

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Disentangling the direct and indirect effects of canopy and understory vegetation on the foraging habitat selection of the brown bear Ursus arctos

Wildlife Biology ◽

10.2981/wlb.00886 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Kanji Tomita ◽

Tsutom Hiura

Keyword(s):

Habitat Selection ◽

Indirect Effects ◽

Ursus Arctos ◽

Brown Bear ◽

Understory Vegetation ◽

Direct And Indirect Effects ◽

Foraging Habitat ◽

Selection Of

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The Effect of Pollens of Five Different Male-palm Trees on the Physical Characteristics of Jiroft Mazafati Date C.V.

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.30.4.887a ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 30 (4) ◽

pp. 887A-887

Author(s):

A. Talaie ◽

B. Panahi

Keyword(s):

Research Work ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Physical Characteristics ◽

Point Of View ◽

Fruit Pulp ◽

Statistical Point ◽

Fruit Length ◽

Palm Trees ◽

Early Ripening ◽

Selection Of

The type of pollens of the date palm trees could affect on the outward and physical characteristics of date fruits, so far to determine its qualitative and quantitative aspects (15). Therefore careful selection of proper pollen for pollination of the date palms is considered of high importance. This research work was conducted to select the best pollinizers and to study the effects of pollens of five varieties of male trees, from Shahdad area, on the outward and physical characteristics of `Jiroft Mazafati'. For analyzing the results of this experiment, a completely randomized block statistical project was implemented for a period of 2 years from 1991 to 1993. The site of this experiment was in Jiroft area in Kerman Province. In this experiment, after pollination samples of fruit were collected during unripe (Kharak), ripe, and dry fruit stages and required information were recorded. Fruit length and diameter, seed length and diameter, weight of fruit, weight of seed, pulp weight, ration of fruit pulp to seed, ratio of fruit length to diameter, volume of fruit, weight of one full cluster of fruits, and finally the time of ripening were measured. Statistical calculations, analysis of compound variations and evaluation of treatments by Duncan's test indicate that different treatments of pollens will have no effect from statistical point of view on the ratio of fruit pulp to seed and the ratio of fruit length to diameter, and there are no significant differences. But there are significant effects on the other outward and physical characteristics of the fruit, and the differences from statistical point of view are considerable. The type of pollens are effective on the ripening time of the fruit and this difference ranges from 15 to 25 days for different treatments, which is important from early ripening point of view of the product.

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