scholarly journals Foliar Applied Abscisic Acid Increases ‘Chardonnay’ Grapevine Bud Freezing Tolerance during Autumn Cold Acclimation

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imed E. Dami ◽  
Shouxin Li ◽  
Patricia A. Bowen ◽  
Carl P. Bogdanoff ◽  
Krista C. Shellie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Cold Acclimation ◽  
Freezing Tolerance ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
The United States ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Cold Weather ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
Berry Composition

Economic loss due to cold weather events is a major constraint to winegrape (Vitis vinifera) production and wine-related industries where extreme and/or fluctuating winter temperatures induce injury and require remedial retraining and replanting increases production costs and lowers yield and fruit quality. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a foliar application of abscisic acid (ABA) could increase the freezing tolerance (FT) of field-grown, ‘Chardonnay’ winegrape and whether its effectiveness can be influenced by the phenological timing of the application. Mature ‘Chardonnay’ grapevines were treated with a foliar application of ABA at a concentration of 500 mg·L−1 at vine phenological stages corresponding to 50% véraison, postvéraison, and postharvest. Results from field trial sites located in four distinct winegrape production regions in the United States (Idaho and Ohio) and Canada (British Columbia and Ontario) showed that foliar application of ABA increased bud FT, primarily during autumn cold acclimation. Foliar ABA application had no consistent influence on bud FT in midwinter or during spring deacclimation, or on percent budburst in spring. Vine phenological stage at the time of ABA foliar application influenced ABA effectiveness, although results were inconsistent among locations. At most locations, applications made at véraison or postvéraison were more effective than applications made postharvest. No phytotoxic response or adverse changes in yield or berry composition were detected in response to ABA application. The consistent increase in bud FT during autumn cold acclimation observed at all trial locations in this study indicates that foliar ABA, applied at véraison or postvéraison, can reduce the risk of economic loss due to cold injury in production regions with frequent early autumn cold weather events.

scholarly journals Physiological and Biochemical Processes of Magnolia wufengensis in Response to Foliar Abscisic Acid Application during Natural Cold Acclimation

HortScience ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 387-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Yang ◽  
Zhongkui Jia ◽  
Faju Chen ◽  
Ziyang Sang ◽  
Luyi Ma
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Cold Acclimation ◽  
Freezing Tolerance ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Freezing Injury ◽  
Exogenous Aba ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical ◽  
Magnolia Wufengensis

The rare species Magnolia wufengensis frequently suffers from freezing injury in northern China. To investigate the influence of exogenous abscisic acid (ABA) application on the natural cold acclimation of M. wufengensis, physiological and biochemical changes in field-grown M. wufengensis seedlings subjected to foliar ABA treatments at four concentrations (0, 300, 600, and 900 mg·L−1) were evaluated from Sept. 2012 to Jan. 2013. The optimum foliar application concentrations of ABA for M. wufengensis were between 600 and 900 mg·L−1, which led to faster shoot growth cessation, leaf senescence, and development rates of bud endodormancy level and shoot freezing tolerance. The improved freezing tolerance under exogenous ABA application was associated with promoted dehydration and accumulation of proline, soluble protein, and certain soluble sugars such as glucose and fructose. Foliar ABA treatments initiated a cascade of steps for advancing the cold acclimation process of M. wufengensis. We suggest that exogenous ABA application may be used on M. wufengensis grown in northern China, where there are short growing seasons and early fall frost events.

scholarly journals Freezing Tolerance and Cold Acclimation in Guava (Psidium guajava L.)

HortScience ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 1258-1266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Hao ◽  
Rajeev Arora ◽  
Anand K. Yadav ◽  
Nirmal Joshee
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Cold Acclimation ◽  
Freezing Tolerance ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
The United States ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Leaf Relative Water Content

Guava (Psidium guajava L.) is a tropical evergreen tree that tolerates a wide range of frost-free environments. In recent years, the American market demand for exotic and nutritious fruits, like guava, has been increasing, and, with a long harvest period, guava can be a potential alternative, high-value cash crop in the United States. However, the major limitation with commercializing guava cultivation in the United States is its low cold tolerance. In this article, we studied the physiology of freezing tolerance and cold acclimation in guava. Laboratory freeze–thaw tests (on leaves), shoot growth and leaf relative water content measurements, leaf anthocyanin content analyses, and leaf protein analyses were performed on nonacclimated and cold-acclimated guava cultivars Lucknow-49 and Ruby × Supreme. The leaf freezing tolerance (expressed as LT50 values) of nonacclimated tissues was ≈–2.5 °C and significantly enhanced to ≈–4.4 °C after an environmentally controlled cold acclimation regime for both cultivars. However, when compared based on actual injury sustained by leaves at various freezing temperatures in a freeze–thaw test, ‘Ruby × Supreme’ exhibited significantly less injury than ‘Lucknow-49’ at most temperatures. Growth and leaf relative water content reduced, whereas leaf anthocyanins accumulated during cold acclimation. Leaf protein analyses, which were performed after cold acclimation and drought stress, revealed that four proteins (69, 48, 23.5, and 17.4 kDa) accumulated in response to low temperatures, and two proteins (17.4 and 16 kDa) accumulated in response to drought stress. Antidehydrin immunoblots revealed that one common 17.4 kDa dehydrin accumulated in response to cold and drought stresses. Our data indicate that guava possesses leaf freezing tolerance, exhibits cold acclimation ability, and that ‘Ruby × Supreme’ leaves are relatively more freezing-tolerant than ‘Lucknow-49’ when compared up to –4 and –8 °C for nonacclimated and cold-acclimated tissues, respectively. Cold acclimation in guava appears to be a multifactorial process involving complex physiological and biochemical changes and also overlapping responses with drought stress.

scholarly journals Foliar Application of Abscisic Acid Induces Dormancy Responses in Greenhouse-grown Grapevines

HortScience ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (9) ◽  
pp. 1271-1277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Zhang ◽  
Tracey Mechlin ◽  
Imed Dami
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Cold Acclimation ◽  
Leaf Senescence ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Cold Treatment ◽  
Leaf Age ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Exogenous Aba ◽  
Periderm Formation

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of foliar application of abscisic acid (ABA) on grapevine dormancy, specifically to: 1) determine the optimum foliar application concentration of ABA and 2) evaluate the morphological and physiological changes of greenhouse-grown grapevines in response to exogenous ABA application. Vitis vinifera ‘Cabernet Franc’ and Vitis spp. ‘Chambourcin’ with different leaf ages (40, 50, 80, 100, 110, and 120 days) were subjected to foliar ABA application at different concentrations (0, 100, 200, 400, 600, 800, 1600, and 3200 mg·L−1) and to a cold-acclimated regime. Concentrations of 800 mg·L−1 or higher were phytotoxic and the optimum concentrations were between 400 and 600 mg·L−1. Optimum concentrations of ABA inhibited shoot growth and advanced growth cessation, periderm formation, and leaf senescence, which led to advanced dormancy in both cultivars. In this study, it was concluded that exogenous ABA induced endodormancy because single cuttings (not paradormant) under favorable growing conditions (not ecodormant) were used. Furthermore, grapevine response to ABA was influenced by leaf age and cold treatment. ABA was effective in inhibiting shoot growth and increasing periderm formation in the young vines with 40- to 50-day old leaves and the old grapevines with 80- to 120-day old leaves. However, ABA was effective in inducing early shoot cessation, leaf senescence and abscission, and dormancy in old vines with 100- to 120-day old leaves only. The advanced morphological and physiological changes induced by exogenous ABA mimicked those triggered by environmental cues during the cold acclimation process. It was suggested that advancing the cold acclimation process using foliar ABA application may be beneficial for long-season grape cultivars grown in regions with short growing seasons and early fall frost events.

scholarly journals Residential Natural Gas Demand Response Potential during Extreme Cold Events in Electricity-Gas Coupled Energy Systems

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 5192
Author(s):  
Andrew Speake ◽  
Paul Donohoo-Vallett ◽  
Eric Wilson ◽  
Emily Chen ◽  
Craig Christensen
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Demand Response ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cold Weather ◽  
Residential Heating ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
Extreme Cold ◽  
Natural Gas Demand ◽  
The Impact

In regions where natural gas is used for both power generation and heating buildings, extreme cold weather events can place the electrical system under enormous stress and challenge the ability to meet residential heating and electric demands. Residential demand response has long been used in the power sector to curtail summer electric load, but these types of programs in general have not seen adoption in the natural gas sector during winter months. Natural gas demand response (NG-DR) has garnered interest given recent extreme cold weather events in the United States; however, the magnitude of savings and potential impacts—to occupants and energy markets—are not well understood. We present a case-study analysis of the technical potential for residential natural gas demand response in the northeast United States that utilizes diverse whole-building energy simulations and high-performance computing. Our results show that NG-DR applied to residential heating systems during extreme cold-weather conditions could reduce natural gas demand by 1–29% based on conservative and aggressive strategies, respectively. This indicates a potential to improve the resilience of gas and electric systems during stressful events, which we examine by estimating the impact on energy costs and electricity generation from natural gas. We also explore relationships between hourly indoor temperatures, demand response, and building envelope efficiency.

scholarly journals Bermudagrass Freezing Tolerance Associated with Abscisic Acid Metabolism and Dehydrin Expression during Cold Acclimation

2008 ◽  
Vol 133 (4) ◽  
pp. 542-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xunzhong Zhang ◽  
Kehua Wang ◽  
Erik H. Ervin
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Cold Acclimation ◽  
Freezing Tolerance ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Freezing Injury ◽  
Exogenous Aba ◽  
Aba Metabolism ◽  
Aba Content

Recent advances in bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. var. dactylon] breeding and cultural management practices have enabled its use as a sports surface in U.S. Department of Agriculture cold hardiness zones 5 and 6. Use of these more cold-hardy bermudagrass cultivars further into transition- and cool-season zones increases the probability of freezing injury and increases the need for an improved understanding of physiological responses to chilling and freezing temperatures. Abscisic acid (ABA) has been shown to increase during cold acclimation (CA) and play a role in dehydration tolerance. This study investigated changes in ABA metabolism and dehydrin expression during CA and their association with freezing tolerance in four bermudagrass cultivars. Two cold-tolerant (‘Patriot’ and ‘Riviera’) and two relatively cold-sensitive (‘Tifway’ and ‘Princess’) cultivars were either subjected to CA at 8 °C day/4 °C night with a light intensity of 250 μmol·m−2·s−1 over a 10-h photoperiod for 21 days or maintained at 28 °C day/24 °C night over a 12-h photoperiod. In a separate study, exogenous ABA at 0, 50, 100, and 150 μm was applied to ‘Patriot’ bermudagrass without CA. ABA content in leaf and stolon tissues increased substantially during the first week of CA and remained relatively stable thereafter. ‘Patriot’ and ‘Riviera’ had greater ABA content and less stolon electrolyte leakage (EL) relative to ‘Tifway’ and ‘Princess’. Expression of a 25 kDa dehydrin protein increased during CA in all four cultivars. A significant correlation was found between ABA content and freezing tolerance. Exogenously applying ABA to ‘Patriot’ at 50, 100, and 150 μm significantly increased endogenous ABA content and the 25 kDa dehydrin expression and reduced stolon EL. The results suggest that alteration of ABA metabolism during CA is closely associated with freezing tolerance. Selection and use of cultivars with substantial accumulation of ABA and certain dehydrins during CA or in response to exogenous ABA could improve bermudagrass persistence in transition zone climates.

scholarly journals Improving Freezing Tolerance of ‘Chambourcin’ Grapevines with Exogenous Abscisic Acid

HortScience ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (12) ◽  
pp. 1750-1757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Zhang ◽  
Imed Dami
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Freezing Tolerance ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Optimum Concentration ◽  
Freezing Injury ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Significant Damage ◽  
Injury Assessment ◽  
Natural Freezing

The purpose of this study was to develop a protocol to increase freezing tolerance of field-grown ‘Chambourcin’ grapevines (Vitis spp.) using exogenous abscisic acid (ABA). The specific objectives were to determine the optimum concentration and timing for ABA foliar application in ‘Chambourcin’ and to evaluate morphological and physiological changes that lead to increased freezing tolerance in response to foliar ABA application. ‘Chambourcin’ grapevines were treated with a foliar ABA application of concentrations of 0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, and 800 mg·L−1 at 50% fruit set stage to evaluate ABA phytotoxicity under field conditions and identify the optimum concentration. In a subsequent experiment, ‘Chambourcin’ grapevines were treated with 400 and 600 mg·L−1 of ABA at different stages of development corresponding to 50% fruit set, 21 days after 50% fruit set, 50% veraison, 20, 30, 40, and 55 days postveraison. ABA concentrations of 700 and 800 mg·L−1 were phytotoxic and caused significant damage to leaves and flowers. Optimum concentrations of ABA did not affect yield components or basic fruit chemical composition, yet it promoted anthocyanin accumulation at harvest. Furthermore, ABA advanced bud dormancy, decreased bud water content, and eventually increased freezing tolerance under simulated freezing tests. The increased freezing tolerance of ABA-treated vines was confirmed by bud injury assessment after a natural freezing event in Jan. 2011. It was also determined that ABA was most effective when applied with an optimum concentration of 400 mg·L−1 20 to 30 days postveraison. It is concluded that exogenous ABA enhanced dormancy and increased freezing tolerance; thus, it has the potential to protect grape cultivars from freezing injury.

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