Foliar Application of Abscisic Acid Induces Dormancy Responses in Greenhouse-grown Grapevines

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of foliar application of abscisic acid (ABA) on grapevine dormancy, specifically to: 1) determine the optimum foliar application concentration of ABA and 2) evaluate the morphological and physiological changes of greenhouse-grown grapevines in response to exogenous ABA application. Vitis vinifera ‘Cabernet Franc’ and Vitis spp. ‘Chambourcin’ with different leaf ages (40, 50, 80, 100, 110, and 120 days) were subjected to foliar ABA application at different concentrations (0, 100, 200, 400, 600, 800, 1600, and 3200 mg·L−1) and to a cold-acclimated regime. Concentrations of 800 mg·L−1 or higher were phytotoxic and the optimum concentrations were between 400 and 600 mg·L−1. Optimum concentrations of ABA inhibited shoot growth and advanced growth cessation, periderm formation, and leaf senescence, which led to advanced dormancy in both cultivars. In this study, it was concluded that exogenous ABA induced endodormancy because single cuttings (not paradormant) under favorable growing conditions (not ecodormant) were used. Furthermore, grapevine response to ABA was influenced by leaf age and cold treatment. ABA was effective in inhibiting shoot growth and increasing periderm formation in the young vines with 40- to 50-day old leaves and the old grapevines with 80- to 120-day old leaves. However, ABA was effective in inducing early shoot cessation, leaf senescence and abscission, and dormancy in old vines with 100- to 120-day old leaves only. The advanced morphological and physiological changes induced by exogenous ABA mimicked those triggered by environmental cues during the cold acclimation process. It was suggested that advancing the cold acclimation process using foliar ABA application may be beneficial for long-season grape cultivars grown in regions with short growing seasons and early fall frost events.

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Physiological and Biochemical Processes of Magnolia wufengensis in Response to Foliar Abscisic Acid Application during Natural Cold Acclimation

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.50.3.387 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 50 (3) ◽

pp. 387-394 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Yang Yang ◽

Zhongkui Jia ◽

Faju Chen ◽

Ziyang Sang ◽

Luyi Ma

Keyword(s):

Abscisic Acid ◽

Cold Acclimation ◽

Freezing Tolerance ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Soluble Sugars ◽

Northern China ◽

Freezing Injury ◽

Exogenous Aba ◽

Physiological And Biochemical ◽

Magnolia Wufengensis

The rare species Magnolia wufengensis frequently suffers from freezing injury in northern China. To investigate the influence of exogenous abscisic acid (ABA) application on the natural cold acclimation of M. wufengensis, physiological and biochemical changes in field-grown M. wufengensis seedlings subjected to foliar ABA treatments at four concentrations (0, 300, 600, and 900 mg·L−1) were evaluated from Sept. 2012 to Jan. 2013. The optimum foliar application concentrations of ABA for M. wufengensis were between 600 and 900 mg·L−1, which led to faster shoot growth cessation, leaf senescence, and development rates of bud endodormancy level and shoot freezing tolerance. The improved freezing tolerance under exogenous ABA application was associated with promoted dehydration and accumulation of proline, soluble protein, and certain soluble sugars such as glucose and fructose. Foliar ABA treatments initiated a cascade of steps for advancing the cold acclimation process of M. wufengensis. We suggest that exogenous ABA application may be used on M. wufengensis grown in northern China, where there are short growing seasons and early fall frost events.

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Effects of Abscisic Acid on Drought Responses of Kentucky Bluegrass

Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science ◽

10.21273/jashs.128.1.0036 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 128 (1) ◽

pp. 36-41 ◽

Cited By ~ 47

Author(s):

Zhaolong Wang ◽

Bingru Huang ◽

Qingzhang Xu

Keyword(s):

Abscisic Acid ◽

Drought Stress ◽

Osmotic Adjustment ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Poa Pratensis ◽

Turgor Pressure ◽

Photochemical Efficiency ◽

Kentucky Bluegrass ◽

Exogenous Aba ◽

Turf Quality

Abscisic acid (ABA) is an important hormone regulating plant response to drought stress. The objective of this study was to investigate effects of exogenous ABA application on turf performance and physiological activities of kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) in response to drought stress. Plants of two kentucky bluegrass cultivars, `Brilliant' (drought susceptible) and `Midnight' (drought tolerant), were treated with ABA (100 μm) or water by foliar application and then grown under drought stress (no irrigation) or well-watered (irrigation on alternate days) conditions in a growth chamber. The two cultivars responded similarly to ABA application under both watering regimes. Foliar application of ABA had no effects on turf quality or physiological parameters under well-watered conditions. ABA application, however, helped maintain higher turf quality and delayed the quality decline during drought stress, compared to the untreated control. ABA-treated plants exposed to drought stress had higher cell membrane stability, as indicated by less electrolyte leakage of leaves, and higher photochemical efficiency, expressed as Fv/Fm, compared to untreated plants. Leaf water potential was not significantly affected, whereas leaf turgor pressure increased with ABA application after 9 and 12 d of drought. Osmotic adjustment increased with ABA application, and was sustained for a longer period of drought in `Midnight' than in `Brilliant'. The results suggested that exogenous ABA application improved turf performance during drought in both drought-sensitive and tolerant cultivars of kentucky bluegrass. This positive effect of ABA could be related to increased osmotic adjustment, cell turgor maintenance, and reduced damage to cell membranes and the photosynthetic system.

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Effect of Abscisic Acid on Nitrogen Mobilization, Dormancy, and Cold Acclimation in Apple Trees

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.32.3.449a ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 32 (3) ◽

pp. 449A-449

Author(s):

Sunghee Guak ◽

Leslie H. Fuchigami

Keyword(s):

Abscisic Acid ◽

Cold Acclimation ◽

Leaf Senescence ◽

Near Infrared ◽

Nitrogen Concentration ◽

Nir Spectroscopy ◽

Similar Degree ◽

Near Infrared Reflectance ◽

Bud Set ◽

Terminal Bud

Spring-grafted potted `Fuji'/M26 apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) trees were fertigated with Plantex (20N–10P–20K) weekly until 28 Aug., and sprayed with 1000 ppm abscisic Acid (ABA) two times at 5-day intervals in early September. Nitrogen concentrations of leaves, bark, wood, and root tissues were analyzed using near-infrared reflectance (NIR) spectroscopy at 20to 30-day intervals beginning in August. In general, during leaf senescence, the content of leaf nitrogen decreased and stem nitrogen increased. ABA enhanced leaf senescence and the mobilization of nitrogen from the leaves to the stem tissues. ABA significantly enhanced terminal bud set, endodormancy induction, and cold acclimation. Eventually, the controls attained the similar degree of nitrogen concentration in the stem, terminal bud set, endodormancy, and hardiness.

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Foliar Applied Abscisic Acid Increases ‘Chardonnay’ Grapevine Bud Freezing Tolerance during Autumn Cold Acclimation

HortTechnology ◽

10.21273/horttech.25.3.293 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 25 (3) ◽

pp. 293-305 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Imed E. Dami ◽

Shouxin Li ◽

Patricia A. Bowen ◽

Carl P. Bogdanoff ◽

Krista C. Shellie ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Abscisic Acid ◽

Cold Acclimation ◽

Freezing Tolerance ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Economic Loss ◽

The United States ◽

Production Costs ◽

Cold Weather ◽

Weather Events ◽

Berry Composition

Economic loss due to cold weather events is a major constraint to winegrape (Vitis vinifera) production and wine-related industries where extreme and/or fluctuating winter temperatures induce injury and require remedial retraining and replanting increases production costs and lowers yield and fruit quality. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a foliar application of abscisic acid (ABA) could increase the freezing tolerance (FT) of field-grown, ‘Chardonnay’ winegrape and whether its effectiveness can be influenced by the phenological timing of the application. Mature ‘Chardonnay’ grapevines were treated with a foliar application of ABA at a concentration of 500 mg·L−1 at vine phenological stages corresponding to 50% véraison, postvéraison, and postharvest. Results from field trial sites located in four distinct winegrape production regions in the United States (Idaho and Ohio) and Canada (British Columbia and Ontario) showed that foliar application of ABA increased bud FT, primarily during autumn cold acclimation. Foliar ABA application had no consistent influence on bud FT in midwinter or during spring deacclimation, or on percent budburst in spring. Vine phenological stage at the time of ABA foliar application influenced ABA effectiveness, although results were inconsistent among locations. At most locations, applications made at véraison or postvéraison were more effective than applications made postharvest. No phytotoxic response or adverse changes in yield or berry composition were detected in response to ABA application. The consistent increase in bud FT during autumn cold acclimation observed at all trial locations in this study indicates that foliar ABA, applied at véraison or postvéraison, can reduce the risk of economic loss due to cold injury in production regions with frequent early autumn cold weather events.

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Bermudagrass Freezing Tolerance Associated with Abscisic Acid Metabolism and Dehydrin Expression during Cold Acclimation

Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science ◽

10.21273/jashs.133.4.542 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 133 (4) ◽

pp. 542-550 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Xunzhong Zhang ◽

Kehua Wang ◽

Erik H. Ervin

Keyword(s):

Abscisic Acid ◽

Cold Acclimation ◽

Freezing Tolerance ◽

Cold Hardiness ◽

Management Practices ◽

Cynodon Dactylon ◽

Freezing Injury ◽

Exogenous Aba ◽

Aba Metabolism ◽

Aba Content

Recent advances in bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. var. dactylon] breeding and cultural management practices have enabled its use as a sports surface in U.S. Department of Agriculture cold hardiness zones 5 and 6. Use of these more cold-hardy bermudagrass cultivars further into transition- and cool-season zones increases the probability of freezing injury and increases the need for an improved understanding of physiological responses to chilling and freezing temperatures. Abscisic acid (ABA) has been shown to increase during cold acclimation (CA) and play a role in dehydration tolerance. This study investigated changes in ABA metabolism and dehydrin expression during CA and their association with freezing tolerance in four bermudagrass cultivars. Two cold-tolerant (‘Patriot’ and ‘Riviera’) and two relatively cold-sensitive (‘Tifway’ and ‘Princess’) cultivars were either subjected to CA at 8 °C day/4 °C night with a light intensity of 250 μmol·m−2·s−1 over a 10-h photoperiod for 21 days or maintained at 28 °C day/24 °C night over a 12-h photoperiod. In a separate study, exogenous ABA at 0, 50, 100, and 150 μm was applied to ‘Patriot’ bermudagrass without CA. ABA content in leaf and stolon tissues increased substantially during the first week of CA and remained relatively stable thereafter. ‘Patriot’ and ‘Riviera’ had greater ABA content and less stolon electrolyte leakage (EL) relative to ‘Tifway’ and ‘Princess’. Expression of a 25 kDa dehydrin protein increased during CA in all four cultivars. A significant correlation was found between ABA content and freezing tolerance. Exogenously applying ABA to ‘Patriot’ at 50, 100, and 150 μm significantly increased endogenous ABA content and the 25 kDa dehydrin expression and reduced stolon EL. The results suggest that alteration of ABA metabolism during CA is closely associated with freezing tolerance. Selection and use of cultivars with substantial accumulation of ABA and certain dehydrins during CA or in response to exogenous ABA could improve bermudagrass persistence in transition zone climates.

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Foliar application of abscisic acid mitigates cadmium stress and increases food safety of cadmium-sensitive lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) genotype

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.9270 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. e9270

Author(s):

Mohammed Mujitaba Dawuda ◽

Weibiao Liao ◽

Linli Hu ◽

Jihua Yu ◽

Jianming Xie ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Abscisic Acid ◽

Food Safety ◽

Plant Biomass ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Cadmium Stress ◽

Nutrient Elements ◽

Hydroponic System ◽

Exogenous Aba ◽

Physiological Processes ◽

Essential Nutrient

Cadmium (Cd2 +) is among the toxic non-essential heavy metals that adversely affect plants metabolic processes and the safety of produce. However, plant hormones can improve plant’s tolerance to various stresses. This study investigated the effect of exogenous abscisic acid (ABA) on the biochemical and physiological processes and food safety of cadmium (Cd2 +)-sensitive lettuce genotype (Lüsu). Seedlings were subjected to five treatments: [(i) Control (untreated plants), (ii) 100 µM CdCl2, (iii) 100 µM CdCl2+10 µg L−1 ABA (iv) 10 µg L−1 ABA, and (v) 0.01 g L−1 ABA-inhibitor (fluridone)] for fourteen days in hydroponic system. The 100 µM CdCl2 increased the contents of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA), decreased photosynthesis and plant biomass. Moreover, it decreased the contents of essential nutrients (except copper) in the leaves but increased the contents of toxic Cd2 + in the leaves and roots of the plants. Foliar application of fluridone (0.01 g L−1) also caused oxidative stress by increasing the contents of H2O2 and MDA. It also decreased the contents of nutrient elements in the leaves of the plants. However, exogenous ABA (10 µg L−1) mitigated the Cd2 +-induced stress, increased antioxidant enzymes activities, photosynthesis and plant biomass under CdCl2 treatment. Remarkably, exogenous ABA increased the contents of essential nutrient elements but decreased the Cd2 + content in leaves under the CdCl2 treatment. Our results have demonstrated that foliar application of ABA mitigates Cd2 + stress and increases the nutritional quality and food safety of Cd2 +-sensitive lettuce genotype under CdCl2 treatment.

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Improving Freezing Tolerance of ‘Chambourcin’ Grapevines with Exogenous Abscisic Acid

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.47.12.1750 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 47 (12) ◽

pp. 1750-1757 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Yi Zhang ◽

Imed Dami

Keyword(s):

Abscisic Acid ◽

Freezing Tolerance ◽

Fruit Set ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Optimum Concentration ◽

Freezing Injury ◽

Physiological Changes ◽

Significant Damage ◽

Injury Assessment ◽

Natural Freezing

The purpose of this study was to develop a protocol to increase freezing tolerance of field-grown ‘Chambourcin’ grapevines (Vitis spp.) using exogenous abscisic acid (ABA). The specific objectives were to determine the optimum concentration and timing for ABA foliar application in ‘Chambourcin’ and to evaluate morphological and physiological changes that lead to increased freezing tolerance in response to foliar ABA application. ‘Chambourcin’ grapevines were treated with a foliar ABA application of concentrations of 0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, and 800 mg·L−1 at 50% fruit set stage to evaluate ABA phytotoxicity under field conditions and identify the optimum concentration. In a subsequent experiment, ‘Chambourcin’ grapevines were treated with 400 and 600 mg·L−1 of ABA at different stages of development corresponding to 50% fruit set, 21 days after 50% fruit set, 50% veraison, 20, 30, 40, and 55 days postveraison. ABA concentrations of 700 and 800 mg·L−1 were phytotoxic and caused significant damage to leaves and flowers. Optimum concentrations of ABA did not affect yield components or basic fruit chemical composition, yet it promoted anthocyanin accumulation at harvest. Furthermore, ABA advanced bud dormancy, decreased bud water content, and eventually increased freezing tolerance under simulated freezing tests. The increased freezing tolerance of ABA-treated vines was confirmed by bud injury assessment after a natural freezing event in Jan. 2011. It was also determined that ABA was most effective when applied with an optimum concentration of 400 mg·L−1 20 to 30 days postveraison. It is concluded that exogenous ABA enhanced dormancy and increased freezing tolerance; thus, it has the potential to protect grape cultivars from freezing injury.

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Cold Acclimation Treatment–induced Changes in Abscisic Acid, Cytokinin, and Antioxidant Metabolism in Zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica)

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.50.7.1075 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 50 (7) ◽

pp. 1075-1080 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Lixin Xu ◽

Mili Zhang ◽

Xunzhong Zhang ◽

Lie-Bao Han

Keyword(s):

Abscisic Acid ◽

Cell Membrane ◽

Cold Acclimation ◽

Freezing Tolerance ◽

Cold Treatment ◽

Freezing Damage ◽

Zoysia Japonica ◽

Membrane Injury ◽

Antioxidant Metabolism ◽

Acclimation Treatment

Zoysiagrass (Zoysia spp.), a warm-season turfgrass species, experiences freezing damage in many regions. The mechanisms of its cold acclimation and freezing tolerance have not been well understood. This study was designed to investigate effects of cold acclimation treatment on leaf abscisic acid (ABA), cytokinin (transzeatin riboside (t-ZR), and antioxidant metabolism associated with freezing tolerance in zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica). ‘Chinese Common’ zoysiagrass was subjected to either cold acclimation treatment with temperature at 8/2 °C (day/night) and a photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) of 250 µmol·m−2·s−1 over a 10-hour photoperiod or normal environments (temperature at 28/24 °C (day/night), PAR at 400 µmol·m−2·s−1 and 14-hour photoperiod) for 21 days in growth chambers. Cold treatment caused cell membrane injury as indicated by increased leaf cell membrane electrolyte leakage (EL) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content after 7 days of cold treatment. Cold treatment increased leaf ABA and hydrogen peroxide content and reduced t-ZR content. Leaf superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity, and proline content increased, whereas catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) activity declined in response to cold treatment. Cold treatment increased freezing tolerance as LT50 declined from −4.8 to −12.5 °C. The results of this study indicated that cold acclimation treatment might result in increases in ABA and H2O2, which induce antioxidant metabolism responses and improved freezing tolerance in zoysiagrass.

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Effects of Exogenous ABA and 6-BA on Flag Leaf Senescence in Different Types of Stay-Green Wheat and Relevant Physiological Mechanisms

ACTA AGRONOMICA SINICA ◽

10.3724/sp.j.1006.2013.01096 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 39 (6) ◽

pp. 1096 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Dong-Qing YANG ◽

Zhen-Lin WANG ◽

Yan-Ping YIN ◽

Ying-Li NI ◽

Wei-Bing YANG ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Leaf Senescence ◽

Flag Leaf ◽

Physiological Mechanisms ◽

Stay Green ◽

Exogenous Aba ◽

Different Types

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Programmed chloroplast destruction during leaf senescence involves 13-lipoxygenase (13-LOX)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ◽

10.1073/pnas.1525747113 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 113 (12) ◽

pp. 3383-3388 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Armin Springer ◽

ChulHee Kang ◽

Sachin Rustgi ◽

Diter von Wettstein ◽

Christiane Reinbothe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Leaf Senescence ◽

Critical Role ◽

Transit Peptide ◽

Physiological Changes ◽

Pathogen Defense ◽

Chloroplast Transit Peptide ◽

Selective Destruction ◽

Plastid Envelope ◽

Volatile Aldehydes

Leaf senescence is the terminal stage in the development of perennial plants. Massive physiological changes occur that lead to the shut down of photosynthesis and a cessation of growth. Leaf senescence involves the selective destruction of the chloroplast as the site of photosynthesis. Here, we show that 13-lipoxygenase (13-LOX) accomplishes a key role in the destruction of chloroplasts in senescing plants and propose a critical role of its NH2-terminal chloroplast transit peptide. The 13-LOX enzyme identified here accumulated in the plastid envelope and catalyzed the dioxygenation of unsaturated membrane fatty acids, leading to a selective destruction of the chloroplast and the release of stromal constituents. Because 13-LOX pathway products comprise compounds involved in insect deterrence and pathogen defense (volatile aldehydes and oxylipins), a mechanism of unmolested nitrogen and carbon relocation is suggested that occurs from leaves to seeds and roots during fall.

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