scholarly journals Genetic Analysis of Cut-flower Longevity in Antirrhinum majus

2001 ◽  
Vol 126 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth R. Schroeder ◽  
Dennis P. Stimart
Keyword(s):  
Antirrhinum Majus ◽  
Additive Effects ◽  
Cut Flower ◽  
Flower Longevity ◽  
Dominance Model ◽  
Epistatic Interactions ◽  
Epistatic Model ◽  
Generation Means ◽  
Generation Means Analysis ◽  
Postharvest Longevity

Genetics of Antirrhinum majus L. (snapdragon) cut flower postharvest longevity (PHL) was investigated by generation means analysis using a white short-lived inbred (WS) and white long-lived inbred (WL) to determine mode of inheritance and heritability. Broad and narrow sense PHL heritability was estimated at 78% and 30%, respectively. Scaling tests for adequacy of an additive-dominance model in explaining PHL inheritance suggested absence of epistasis. However, joint scaling indicated digenic or higher order epistatic interactions. Fitting of a digenic epistatic model revealed significant additive effects and nonsignificant dominance and epistatic interactions. Additionally, based on sequential model fittings all six parameters [mean, additive (a), dominance (d), a×a, d×d, and a×d] proved necessary to explain observed PHL variation. Continuous variation for PHL observed in the F2 and backcross generations suggests PHL is quantitative. Assessment of associated traits revealed a positive relationship between number of flowers opening postharvest on a cut flower and PHL. In addition, floret wilting led to short PHL while floret browning was associated with long PHL.

scholarly journals 662 Genetics and Physiology of Postharvest Cut Flower Longevity

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 562B-562
Author(s):  
Dennis P. Stimart ◽  
Kenneth R. Schroeder
Keyword(s):  
Deionized Water ◽  
Cut Flower ◽  
Flower Longevity ◽  
Cut Flowers ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Natural Genetic Variation ◽  
Generation Means ◽  
Generation Means Analysis ◽  
Postharvest Longevity ◽  
Areas Of Interest

Efforts to improve postharvest longevity of fresh-cut flowers has only recently turned toward selection and breeding. Conventional methods to extend keeping longevity of cut flowers depend on use of chemical treatment placed in holding solutions. Postharvest longevity studies were initiated with Antirrhinum majus L. (snapdragon) to determine: if natural genetic variation existed for cut-flower longevity, the inheritance of the trait, heritability, and associated physiology. Evaluation of commercial inbreds held in deionized water revealed a range in cut-flower longevity from a couple of days to 2.5 weeks. The shortest- and longestlived inbreds were used as parents in crosses to study the aforementioned areas of interest. Information will be presented on inheritance of cut flower longevity based on populations evaluated from matings for generation means analysis and inbred backcross method. Also presented will be information on stomata, transpiration, carbohydrate, fresh-weight change, and forcing temperature relative to postharvest longevity.

scholarly journals Cytoplasmic effects on grain resistance to yellowberry in durum wheat

2010 ◽  
Vol 46 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 145-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Bnejdi ◽  
M. Saadoun ◽  
M. El Gazzah
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Female Parent ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Additive Effects ◽  
Dominance Model ◽  
Epistatic Model ◽  
Cytoplasmic Effects ◽  
Generation Means ◽  
Generation Means Analysis ◽  
Triticum Durum Desf

Parental, F<sub>1</sub>, reciprocal F<sub>1</sub> (RF<sub>1</sub>), F<sub>2</sub>, reciprocal F<sub>2</sub> (RF<sub>2</sub>), BC<sub>1</sub>P<sub>1 </sub>and BC<sub>1</sub>P<sub>2</sub> generations of four crosses involving four cultivars of durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) were evaluated for grain resistance to yellowberry. Significant differences were reported for F<sub>1</sub>, F<sub>2 </sub>and their reciprocals in all crosses. A generation means analysis indicated the inadequacy of additive-dominance model and additive-dominance model considering maternal effects. However, the variation in generation means in the four crosses could be explained by a digenic epistatic model with cytoplasmic effects. Cytoplasmic effects were significant and consistent in all the crosses. Dominance effects and additive &times; dominance epistasis were more important than additive effects and other epistatic components. The choice of a female parent possessing grain resistance to yellowberry appeared to be decisive in durum wheat breeding for resistance to this serious seed disorder.

Heritability of Postharvest Longevity of Antirrhinum majus

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 473b-473
Author(s):  
Kenneth R. Schroeder ◽  
Dennis P. Stimart
Keyword(s):  
Antirrhinum Majus ◽  
Narrow Sense ◽  
Cut Flowers ◽  
Single Seed Descent ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Generation Means ◽  
Generation Means Analysis ◽  
Chemical Preservative ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Postharvest Longevity

Breeding for postharvest longevity of cut flowers has not been done to any great extent in spite of the potential benefits from reduced chemical preservative usage and increased popularity of cuts due to longer vaselife. Some studies have reported broad-sense heritabilities for postharvest longevity of 36% to 46% and narrow-sense heritabilities of 0% to 38%. Postharvest longevity of cut flowers of Antirrhinum majus L. (snapdragon) inbreds range from 2 to 16 d with the F1 hybrids intermediate at 8.1 d when evaluated in deionized water. It would appear postharvest longevity of snapdragon cut flowers should be a selectable trait. In an effort to determine narrow-sense heritability for postharvest longevity of snapdragon cut flowers, a generation means analysis was established using single-seed descent S4 generation inbreds with postharvest longevities of 2 and 15 d. Plants were grown in greenhouses at the Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, in August and harvested in Nov. 1997 for postharvest evaluation. Experimental design was a randomized complete block with 2 environments and 3 replications. Nonsegregating generations (P1, P2, and F1) consisted of 10 plants per replication, backcrosses 30 plants per replication, and the F2 with 60 plants per replication. Data will be presented on narrow-sense heritability of postharvest longevity of snapdragon cut flowers.

scholarly journals 051 GENETIC ANALYSIS OF POSTHARVEST LONGEVITY IN ANTIRRHINUM MAJUS L.

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 435c-435
Author(s):  
Susan M. Stieve ◽  
Dennis P. Stimart
Keyword(s):  
Natural Variation ◽  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Antirrhinum Majus ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Cut Flowers ◽  
Short Life ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
Generation Means ◽  
Generation Means Analysis ◽  
Postharvest Longevity

Selecting for increased postharvest longevity through use of natural variation is being investigated in Antirrhinum majus (snapdragon) in order to decrease postharvest chemical treatments for cut flowers. The postharvest longevity of eighteen white commercial inbreds was evaluated. Twelve stems of each inbred were cut to 40 cm and placed in distilled water. Stems were discarded when 50% of spike florets wilted or browned. Postharvest longevity ranged from 3.0 (Inbred 1) to 16.3 (Inbred 18) days. Crossing Inbred 18 × Inbred 1 yields commercially used Hybrid 1 (6.6 days postharvest). The F2 population averaged 9.1 days postharvest (range 1 to 21 days). F3 plants indicate short life postharvest may be conferred by a recessive gene in this germplasm. Populations for generation means analysis as well as hybrids between short, medium and long-lived inbreds were generated and evaluated for postharvest longevity.

scholarly journals Inheritance of Resistance to Anthracnose Caused by Colletotrichum coccodes in Tomato

1998 ◽  
Vol 123 (5) ◽  
pp. 832-836 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Stommel ◽  
Kathleen G. Haynes
Keyword(s):  
Gene Action ◽  
Colletotrichum Coccodes ◽  
Inheritance Of Resistance ◽  
Dominance Model ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Anthracnose Resistance ◽  
Generation Means ◽  
Generation Means Analysis ◽  
Backcross Populations

Inheritance of resistance to tomato anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum coccodes (Wallr.) S.J. Hughes was evaluated in parental, F1, F2, and backcross populations developed from crosses between adapted resistant (88B147) and susceptible (90L24) tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) breeding lines. Resistance was evaluated via measurement of lesion diameters in fruit collected from field-grown plants and puncture inoculated in a shaded greenhouse. Backcross and F2 populations exhibited continuous distributions suggesting multigenic control of anthracnose resistance. Anthracnose resistance was partially dominant to susceptibility. Using generation means analysis, gene action in these populations was best explained by an additive-dominance model with additive × additive epistatic effects. A broad-sense heritability (H) of 0.42 and narrow-sense heritability (h2) of 0.004 was estimated for resistance to C. coccodes. One gene or linkage group was estimated to control segregation for anthracnose resistance in the cross of 90L24 × 88B147.

scholarly journals Genetics of Postharvest Longevity and Quality Traits in Late Generation Crosses of Antirrhinum majus L.

2005 ◽  
Vol 130 (5) ◽  
pp. 694-699 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime A. Weber ◽  
William J. Martin ◽  
Dennis P. Stimart
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Influence ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Antirrhinum Majus ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Cut Flower ◽  
Additive Component ◽  
Late Generation ◽  
Postharvest Longevity ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Genotypic Correlations

Progeny of 158 F5 × F5 crosses of Antirrhinum majus (snapdragon) selected within and among cut flower postharvest longevity (PHL) categories (long = 12.6-16.8 days, middle = 9.3-12.1 days, and short = 4.8-8.9 days) were evaluated for PHL and quality traits. Results were compared with previous studies involving F2 × F2 progeny, and F3, F4, and F5 inbred lines. Heritability of PHL in F5 × F5 progeny (0.77 ± 0.11) agrees with that of inbred lines (0.79 to 0.81) but is higher than in F2 × F2 progeny (0.41). Therefore, selection for increased PHL should progress more rapidly and predictably through application of inbred lines rather than F2 individuals. Significant differences between F5 × F5 progeny PHL categories confirm PHL is heritable with a significant additive component. Heritabilities of quality traits in A. majus are high, suggesting selection for quality traits should progress without difficulty. Phenotypic and genotypic correlations of PHL with quality traits are not consistently significant across PHL studies in A. majus. Discrepancies between studies suggest most traits may not be correlated to PHL or are subject to strong environmental influence.

scholarly journals Genetic Analysis of Advanced Populations in Antirrhinum majus L. with Special Reference to Cut Flower Postharvest Longevity

2005 ◽  
Vol 130 (3) ◽  
pp. 434-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
William J. Martin ◽  
Dennis P. Stimart
Keyword(s):  
Special Reference ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Antirrhinum Majus ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Cut Flower ◽  
Narrow Sense ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Postharvest Longevity ◽  
Selection For

Narrow-sense heritabilities and genetic correlations of ornamental quality traits of Antirrhinum majus (snapdragon) were evaluated with special reference to cut flower postharvest longevity (PHL). Inbreds P1 (16 days PHL) and P2 (3 days PHL) were hybridized to produce an F1 (P1 × P2) that was self-pollinated to produce an F2 population. The F2 were self-pollinated to produce F3 families and advanced through single-seed descent by self-pollination to the F5 generation. P1, P2, F1, F3, F4, and F5 were evaluated for ornamental quality traits. Quality traits were found to be quantitative and normally distributed. Narrow-sense heritability (h2) estimates were high and consistent across generations examined; PHL h2 ranged from 0.79 to 0.81 ± 0.06. Phenotypic and genotypic correlations revealed underlying physiological and pleiotropic interactions relevant to breeding programs aimed at simultaneous improvement of ornamental quality traits. PHL is inversely related to cut flower strength and days to flower, -0.44 ± 0.04 and -0.43 ± 0.44. Buds at discard is positively correlated to cut flower and plant diameter, cut flower weight and days to flower, 0.77 ± 0.05, 0.58 ± 0.06, 0.71 ± 0.06, and 0.77 ± 0.07, respectively. Gain from selection for quality traits of interest can be rapid.

scholarly journals Inheritance of Low-temperature-induced Cold Acclimation Response in Blueberry

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 448C-448
Author(s):  
Rajeev Arora ◽  
Lisa J. Rowland ◽  
Ganesh R. Panta ◽  
Chon-Chong Lim ◽  
Jeffrey S. Lehman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Gene Action ◽  
Dominance Model ◽  
Woody Perennials ◽  
Generation Means ◽  
Generation Means Analysis ◽  
Acclimation Response ◽  
Mode Of Inheritance

Mode of inheritance of cold hardiness (CH) in woody perennials is not wellunderstood. This study was undertaken to determine the mode of inheritance and gene action of CH in blueberry (Vaccinium section Cyanococcus). Two testcross populations (segregating for CH) derived from interspecific hybrids of V. darrowi (drw) × V. caesariense (csr) were used. Plants were cold-acclimated by a 4-week exposure to 4°C. Bud CH (LT50) was defined as the temperature causing 50% injury (visual) when subjected to controlled freeze–thaw. Results show that the drw and csr parents had an LT50 of –13° and –20°C, respectively. The F1 population exhibited mean LT50 of –14.7°C. The csr and drw testcross populations had a mean LT50 of –18° (39 individuals) and –14°C (33 individuals), respectively. Individuals of each population were distributed between parental values with center of distribution skewed toward the testcross parent. Since individuals having LT50s as same as the recurrent parents were present in each population of only 33–39 plants, data suggest that CH is determined by relatively few genes. To determine gene action, the estimates for various genetic parameters (calculated from joint scaling test) were used in generation means analysis to test various models. Results indicate that CH in blueberry can be best explained by simple-additive dominance model, whereas models including epistatic components did not satisfactorily explain the data.

scholarly journals 076 Determining Gene Numbers and the Potential for Transferring Long Postharvest Longevity of Antirrhinum majus L. Cut Flowers to Short-lived Colored Lines

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 401E-401
Author(s):  
Kenneth R. Schroeder ◽  
Dennis P. Stimart
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Preference ◽  
Flower Color ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Antirrhinum Majus ◽  
Cut Flower ◽  
Cut Flowers ◽  
Single Seed Descent ◽  
Backcross Population ◽  
Postharvest Longevity ◽  
Selection For

Postharvest longevity (PHL) is important in determining quality and consumer preference of cut flowers; thus, it remains a pressing problem for the florist industry. Information on genetics and heritability of cut flower PHL is lacking. This study focused on determining gene numbers and inheritance of Antirrhinum majus L. cut flower PHL. An inbred backcross population was generated from a yellow short-lived (YS; 6d PHL) and a white long-lived (WL; 14 d PHL) inbred. F1 hybrids were backcrossed reciprocally three times to each parent. Parental backcross (BC) populations contained 55 to 65 lines. Lines within each BC generation were self-fertilized three generations by single-seed descent without selection to produce BC1S3, BC2S3, and BC3S3 generations. Cut flowers from all generations were evaluated together for PHL in deionized water. Gene numbers were estimated using confidence intervals and the proportion of non-parental BC lines. Continuous variation, estimates of a minimum of two to four genes controlling PHL, and significant environmental variation suggest selection for increased PHL would be successfu,l but slow. A negative correlation between PHL and yellow flower color was detected in this study. In spite of that fact, mean PHL of the yellow flowered inbred lines improved 1 to 2 d when backcrossing to YS and 3 to 4 d when backcrossing to WL without selection. Thus, inbred backcrossing to a long-lived parent with selection for flower color should make acquisition of longlived colored lines attainable.

scholarly journals Comparison of Stomatal Density and Postharvest Transpiration between Long- and Short-lived Cut Flower Genotypes of Antirrhinum majus L.

2005 ◽  
Vol 130 (5) ◽  
pp. 742-746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth R. Schroeder ◽  
Dennis P. Stimart
Keyword(s):  
Water Loss ◽  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Indirect Selection ◽  
Selection Method ◽  
Fourth Quarter ◽  
Antirrhinum Majus ◽  
Cut Flower ◽  
Cut Flowers ◽  
Weight Losses ◽  
Postharvest Longevity

Evaluation of leaf stomatal numbers and postharvest water loss indicate these are important factors in Antirrhinum majus (snapdragon) cut flower postharvest longevity (PHL). Cut flowers with 9 days longer PHL had 53% fewer leaf stomata. Long PHL is associated with an early reduction in transpiration followed by low steady transpiration. Short-lived genotypes had a linear transpiration pattern over the period of PHL indicating poor stomatal control of water loss. Short-lived genotypes had 22% to 33% reductions in fourth quarter transpiration while long-lived genotypes had 2% to 8% reductions. In addition, short-lived genotypes had higher average fourth quarter cut flower weight losses compared to long-lived genotypes. Further investigation of stomatal numbers and functioning relative to PHL may provide breeders a rapid and nondestructive indirect selection method for PHL.

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