scholarly journals Inheritance of Resistance to Anthracnose Caused by Colletotrichum coccodes in Tomato

1998 ◽  
Vol 123 (5) ◽  
pp. 832-836 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Stommel ◽  
Kathleen G. Haynes
Keyword(s):  
Gene Action ◽  
Colletotrichum Coccodes ◽  
Inheritance Of Resistance ◽  
Dominance Model ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Anthracnose Resistance ◽  
Generation Means ◽  
Generation Means Analysis ◽  
Backcross Populations

Inheritance of resistance to tomato anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum coccodes (Wallr.) S.J. Hughes was evaluated in parental, F1, F2, and backcross populations developed from crosses between adapted resistant (88B147) and susceptible (90L24) tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) breeding lines. Resistance was evaluated via measurement of lesion diameters in fruit collected from field-grown plants and puncture inoculated in a shaded greenhouse. Backcross and F2 populations exhibited continuous distributions suggesting multigenic control of anthracnose resistance. Anthracnose resistance was partially dominant to susceptibility. Using generation means analysis, gene action in these populations was best explained by an additive-dominance model with additive × additive epistatic effects. A broad-sense heritability (H) of 0.42 and narrow-sense heritability (h2) of 0.004 was estimated for resistance to C. coccodes. One gene or linkage group was estimated to control segregation for anthracnose resistance in the cross of 90L24 × 88B147.

scholarly journals Inheritance of Low-temperature-induced Cold Acclimation Response in Blueberry

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 448C-448
Author(s):  
Rajeev Arora ◽  
Lisa J. Rowland ◽  
Ganesh R. Panta ◽  
Chon-Chong Lim ◽  
Jeffrey S. Lehman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Gene Action ◽  
Dominance Model ◽  
Woody Perennials ◽  
Generation Means ◽  
Generation Means Analysis ◽  
Acclimation Response ◽  
Mode Of Inheritance

Mode of inheritance of cold hardiness (CH) in woody perennials is not wellunderstood. This study was undertaken to determine the mode of inheritance and gene action of CH in blueberry (Vaccinium section Cyanococcus). Two testcross populations (segregating for CH) derived from interspecific hybrids of V. darrowi (drw) × V. caesariense (csr) were used. Plants were cold-acclimated by a 4-week exposure to 4°C. Bud CH (LT50) was defined as the temperature causing 50% injury (visual) when subjected to controlled freeze–thaw. Results show that the drw and csr parents had an LT50 of –13° and –20°C, respectively. The F1 population exhibited mean LT50 of –14.7°C. The csr and drw testcross populations had a mean LT50 of –18° (39 individuals) and –14°C (33 individuals), respectively. Individuals of each population were distributed between parental values with center of distribution skewed toward the testcross parent. Since individuals having LT50s as same as the recurrent parents were present in each population of only 33–39 plants, data suggest that CH is determined by relatively few genes. To determine gene action, the estimates for various genetic parameters (calculated from joint scaling test) were used in generation means analysis to test various models. Results indicate that CH in blueberry can be best explained by simple-additive dominance model, whereas models including epistatic components did not satisfactorily explain the data.

scholarly journals Inheritance of Resistance to Anthracnose Caused by Colletotrichum coccodes in Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 449C-449
Author(s):  
John R. Stommel ◽  
Kathleen G. Haynes
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Colletotrichum Coccodes ◽  
Inheritance Of Resistance ◽  
Breeding Line ◽  
Tomato Cultivar ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Anthracnose Resistance ◽  
Plant Introductions

Anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum coccodes, is a serious ripe tomato fruit rot disease. Genetic resistance to anthracnose is not available in commercial tomato cultivars, but has been reported in small-fruited Plant Introductions (P.I.), and with lesser intensity in a number of breeding lines. Transfer of high levels of resistance from these breeding lines or P.I.s to elite materials has proven difficult. Inheritance of resistance has been described as complex with at least six loci influencing resistance reactions. Segregating populations originating from a cross between a susceptible tomato breeding line and a large-fruited breeding line (88B147) with resistance derived from Lycopersicon esculentum var. cerasiforme P.I. 272636, were evaluated for anthracnose resistance. Analysis of anthracnose resistance in puncture-inoculated fruit indicated small, but significant, additive genetic effects for resistance. Additional populations were developed from crosses of a susceptible inbred processing tomato cultivar with: 1) the resistant P.I. 272636, 2) an unadapted small-fruited resistant line developed from P.I. 272636, and 3) the large-fruited breeding line 88B147, also with resistance derived from P.I. 272636. Small additive effects identified in large-fruited material, in comparison to the resistant P.I., suggests that resistance loci have been lost during germplasm development. This is consistent with the relatively larger lesions observed in large-fruited lines derived from P.I. 272636. Positive correlations were noted between small fruit size and high levels of anthracnose resistance. Identification of molecular markers linked to resistance genes in the respective populations will be discussed.

scholarly journals Genetics of in vitro organogenesis and precocious germination of wheat embryos

1998 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia E. Lange ◽  
Luiz C. Federizzi ◽  
Fernando I.F. Carvalho ◽  
Ana L.C. Dornelles ◽  
Cristine L. Handel
Keyword(s):  
Gene Action ◽  
Precocious Germination ◽  
Genetic Determination ◽  
Wheat Embryo ◽  
In Vitro Organogenesis ◽  
Generation Means ◽  
Generation Means Analysis ◽  
Wheat Embryos ◽  
Segregating Population

The genetic bases of in vitro organogenesis and precocious germination of embryos in immature wheat embryo culture were investigated using six Brazilian genotypes and their F1, F2, BC1F1 and BC2F1 generations in a generation means analysis. Four parents and one set of F1’s were also analyzed in a diallel experiment. The results indicated a complex gene action controlling both traits, with additive, dominant and epistatic effects. High broad sense heritability values were found, indicating genetic determination. Considering the complexity of gene control, genetic gain could be achieved by selecting for the traits in advanced generations of the segregating population. Low correlation values between organogenesis, precocious germination, regeneration and somatic embryogenesis (data shown in a previous report) indicated the possibility of obtaining recombinant genotypes.

scholarly journals Inheritance of Resistance to Early Blight Disease in Tetraploid × Diploid Crosses of Potatoes

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 224-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.B. Herriott ◽  
F.L. Haynes ◽  
P.B. Shoemaker
Keyword(s):  
Partial Correlation ◽  
Early Blight ◽  
Alternaria Solani ◽  
Inheritance Of Resistance ◽  
Narrow Sense ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Blight Disease ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Partial Correlation Coefficient

Heritability of resistance to early blight disease in potatoes (Solarium tuberosum L.) incited by Alternaria solani (En. & Martin) Ser. was estimated in tetraploid × diploid crosses. Susceptible tetraploid cultivars and breeding lines were the female parents. Diploids that produced a high proportion of first-division restitution (FDR) gametes and possessed different levels of early blight resistance were the male parents. Tubers from seedlings that resulted from the tetraploid × diploid crosses were planted in a field and artificially inoculated with spores of Alternaria solani. Resistance was measured as the slope (r) of the regression of the logit of the percent defoliation of each plant vs. time. Higher r values indicated lower resistance. Mean r values ranged from 0.123 to 0.157 for the tetraploid parents, and from 0.054 to 0.116 for the diploid parents. Mean r values for the tetraploid × diploid crosses were intermediate, ranging from 0.077 to 0.143. Narrow-sense heritability (h2) was 0.815. The partial correlation coefficient between r and mean maturity values was – 0.2086.

scholarly journals Generation means analysis of traits related to lodging using two crosses of durum×emmer wheat

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Majid Mohammadi ◽  
Aghafakhr Mirlohi ◽  
Mohammad Mahdi Majidi ◽  
Zahra Khedri ◽  
Vahid Rezaei
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Genetic Gain ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Lodging Resistance ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Additive Variance ◽  
Generation Means ◽  
Generation Means Analysis ◽  
Additive Gene ◽  
Final Yield

Abstract Lodging is one of the most important factors that affect wheat final yield. Emmer is a likely gene source to improve durum wheat; however, it is highly susceptible to lodging. The genetic studies of traits related to lodging in crosses of durum×emmer remains largely understudied. Here, we used progenies (six generations) derived from two crosses of durum×emmer in a generation means analysis (GMA) to determine gene action, inheritance, and genetic gain from selection in respect to plant height and its related traits. The results indicated that lodging resistance was significantly and negatively correlated with plant height and positively correlated with grain yield and mainly influenced by stem diameter. GMA results indicated that epistasis did not play an essential role in the genetic control of lodging related traits and almost the major portion of the genetic variation in these crosses resulted from additive gene actions. Also for all of the studied traits, the additive variance was higher than the dominance one. Narrow sense heritability was higher than 0.60 for most of the traits, and the genetic gain after one cycle of selection was positive for plant height and its components in both crosses. It was found that, selection in early generations may result in simultaneous reduction of plant height and increased stem diameter to improve lodging resistance in durum×emmer crossings.

scholarly journals Genetic Analysis of Cut-flower Longevity in Antirrhinum majus

2001 ◽  
Vol 126 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth R. Schroeder ◽  
Dennis P. Stimart
Keyword(s):  
Antirrhinum Majus ◽  
Additive Effects ◽  
Cut Flower ◽  
Flower Longevity ◽  
Dominance Model ◽  
Epistatic Interactions ◽  
Epistatic Model ◽  
Generation Means ◽  
Generation Means Analysis ◽  
Postharvest Longevity

Genetics of Antirrhinum majus L. (snapdragon) cut flower postharvest longevity (PHL) was investigated by generation means analysis using a white short-lived inbred (WS) and white long-lived inbred (WL) to determine mode of inheritance and heritability. Broad and narrow sense PHL heritability was estimated at 78% and 30%, respectively. Scaling tests for adequacy of an additive-dominance model in explaining PHL inheritance suggested absence of epistasis. However, joint scaling indicated digenic or higher order epistatic interactions. Fitting of a digenic epistatic model revealed significant additive effects and nonsignificant dominance and epistatic interactions. Additionally, based on sequential model fittings all six parameters [mean, additive (a), dominance (d), a×a, d×d, and a×d] proved necessary to explain observed PHL variation. Continuous variation for PHL observed in the F2 and backcross generations suggests PHL is quantitative. Assessment of associated traits revealed a positive relationship between number of flowers opening postharvest on a cut flower and PHL. In addition, floret wilting led to short PHL while floret browning was associated with long PHL.

scholarly journals Cytoplasmic effects on grain resistance to yellowberry in durum wheat

2010 ◽  
Vol 46 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 145-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Bnejdi ◽  
M. Saadoun ◽  
M. El Gazzah
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Female Parent ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Additive Effects ◽  
Dominance Model ◽  
Epistatic Model ◽  
Cytoplasmic Effects ◽  
Generation Means ◽  
Generation Means Analysis ◽  
Triticum Durum Desf

Parental, F<sub>1</sub>, reciprocal F<sub>1</sub> (RF<sub>1</sub>), F<sub>2</sub>, reciprocal F<sub>2</sub> (RF<sub>2</sub>), BC<sub>1</sub>P<sub>1 </sub>and BC<sub>1</sub>P<sub>2</sub> generations of four crosses involving four cultivars of durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) were evaluated for grain resistance to yellowberry. Significant differences were reported for F<sub>1</sub>, F<sub>2 </sub>and their reciprocals in all crosses. A generation means analysis indicated the inadequacy of additive-dominance model and additive-dominance model considering maternal effects. However, the variation in generation means in the four crosses could be explained by a digenic epistatic model with cytoplasmic effects. Cytoplasmic effects were significant and consistent in all the crosses. Dominance effects and additive &times; dominance epistasis were more important than additive effects and other epistatic components. The choice of a female parent possessing grain resistance to yellowberry appeared to be decisive in durum wheat breeding for resistance to this serious seed disorder.

scholarly journals Pewarisan Karakter Hasil dan Komponen Hasil pada Dua Populasi Persilangan Cabai Rawit Hijau (Capsicum annuum L.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-289
Author(s):  
Tiara Yudilastari ◽  
Muhamad Syukur ◽  
Dan Sobir
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Information ◽  
Gene Action ◽  
Genetic Difference ◽  
Gene Interaction ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Narrow Sense ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Backcross Populations ◽  
Additive Gene

Genetic information plays an important role in plant selection. This research was aimed to obtain genetic information on pattern inheritance of yield and yield component characters of two crosses population of birds chili. The research used biparental mating design consisted of 40 plants of parents population (P1 and P2), 40 plants of first generation (F1) and reciprocal (F1R) populations, 100 plants of backcross populations (BCP1 and BCP2), and 300 plants of second generation population (F2). Scaling test and joint scaling test indicated the presence of gene interaction (epistasis) in two crosses population. Estimates gene effect also showed that fruit weight character in crosses population of IPB C145 x IPB C174 was controlled by duplication epistasis, while yield per plant character in crosses population of IPB C145 x IPB C291 was controlled by complementary epistasis. All characters of both crosses populations had high broad sense heritability, but the characters in crosses population of IPB C145 x IPB C174 had medium to high narrow sense heritability, while the characters in crosses population of IPB C145 x IPB C291 had low to medium narrow sense heritability. Genetic difference between parents seemed to affect gene action of a character, in which yield per plant, number of fruits per plant, fruit weight, and fruit length characters in crosses population of IPB C145 x IPB C291 with small genetic difference were more controlled by the action of non additive gene than crosses population of IPB C145 x IPB C291 with large genetic difference.Keywords: epistasis, gene action, genetic difference, heritability, yield

Inheritance of Tomato Resistance to Colletotrichum dematium

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 562-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy J Ng ◽  
Anita N. Miller ◽  
T.H. Barksdale
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Heritability Estimate ◽  
Inheritance Of Resistance ◽  
Breeding Line ◽  
Broad Sense Heritability ◽  
Narrow Sense ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Epistatic Effects ◽  
Colletotrichum Dematium ◽  
Backcross Populations

A tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) breeding line (81B416) with' resistance to anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum dematium was crossed to three susceptible genotypes. Parental, F1, F2, and backcross populations were analyzed in the cross with `US28', while parental, F1, and F2 populations were tested in crosses of 81B416 with `US141' and 81B9. Inheritance of resistance was primarily additive, but 3- and 6-factor scaling tests indicated the presence of dominance and epistatic effects. The average broad-sense heritability estimate was 0.57; narrow-sense heritability was estimated at 0.42.

Heritability of Postharvest Longevity of Antirrhinum majus

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 473b-473
Author(s):  
Kenneth R. Schroeder ◽  
Dennis P. Stimart
Keyword(s):  
Antirrhinum Majus ◽  
Narrow Sense ◽  
Cut Flowers ◽  
Single Seed Descent ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Generation Means ◽  
Generation Means Analysis ◽  
Chemical Preservative ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Postharvest Longevity

Breeding for postharvest longevity of cut flowers has not been done to any great extent in spite of the potential benefits from reduced chemical preservative usage and increased popularity of cuts due to longer vaselife. Some studies have reported broad-sense heritabilities for postharvest longevity of 36% to 46% and narrow-sense heritabilities of 0% to 38%. Postharvest longevity of cut flowers of Antirrhinum majus L. (snapdragon) inbreds range from 2 to 16 d with the F1 hybrids intermediate at 8.1 d when evaluated in deionized water. It would appear postharvest longevity of snapdragon cut flowers should be a selectable trait. In an effort to determine narrow-sense heritability for postharvest longevity of snapdragon cut flowers, a generation means analysis was established using single-seed descent S4 generation inbreds with postharvest longevities of 2 and 15 d. Plants were grown in greenhouses at the Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, in August and harvested in Nov. 1997 for postharvest evaluation. Experimental design was a randomized complete block with 2 environments and 3 replications. Nonsegregating generations (P1, P2, and F1) consisted of 10 plants per replication, backcrosses 30 plants per replication, and the F2 with 60 plants per replication. Data will be presented on narrow-sense heritability of postharvest longevity of snapdragon cut flowers.

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