scholarly journals New Alleles, rkcd and rkp, at the Red Kidney Locus for Seedcoat Color in Common Bean

2003 ◽  
Vol 128 (4) ◽  
pp. 552-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark J. Bassett ◽  
Phillip N. Miklas

Among light red and dark red kidney common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) varieties, pink seedcoat color (light red kidney) is dominant to dark red, but when Red Mexican varieties (with dark red seedcoats) are crossed with dark red kidney varieties, dark red seedcoat is dominant to the pink segregants observed in an F2 population. A genetic investigation of this reversal of dominance was performed by making crosses in all combinations among standard varieties of the four recessive-red market classes—Light Red Kidney `California Early Light Red Kidney', Pink `Sutter Pink', Red Mexican `NW 63', and Dark Red Kidney `Montcalm'—and observing segregation for seedcoat colors in F2 and F3 progenies. The data were consistent with the hypothesis that `NW 63' carries a new allele at Rk, viz., rkcd, where cd stands for convertible dark red kidney. Thus, C rkcd expresses dark red kidney seedcoats and cu rkcd expresses pink seedcoats. Also, C B rkcd expresses garnet brown seedcoats, whereas C B rkd expresses liver brown seedcoat color. Thus, we propose the gene symbol rkcd for the Rk locus gene in `NW 63'. The rk gene from Light Red Kidney `Redkloud' and `Sutter Pink' was backcrossed (with cu b v) into the recurrent parent 5-593, a Florida dry bean breeding line with seedcoat genotype P [C r] J G B V Rk. In the F2 progenies of BC2 to 5-593, the cu b v rk segregants from `Redkloud' gave true pink seedcoats, whereas those derived from `Sutter Pink' gave consistently very weak pink color under humid Florida growing conditions. We propose the gene symbol rkp, where p stands for pale pink, for the distinctive rk allele in `Sutter Pink'. The more general implications of the above findings were discussed.

1999 ◽  
Vol 124 (6) ◽  
pp. 663-665
Author(s):  
Mark J. Bassett ◽  
Lee Brady ◽  
Phil E. McClean

Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) plants with partly colored seeds and colored flowers were derived from PI 507984 in two genetic tester stocks, `2-points tcf BC1 5-593' and `2-points tcf BC2 5-593'. These stocks were produced by backcrossing to the recurrent parent, Florida dry bean breeding line 5-593, which has black self-colored seeds and purple flowers due to the genotype T P V. The crosses `2-points tcf BC1 5-593' × 5-593 and `2-points tcf BC2 5-593' × 5-593 produced F2 populations in which all plants had colored flowers. Those results, when considered with previously published work, do not support the previously reported hypothesis that the genes t Fcr Fcr-2 produce partly colored seedcoats and flower color restoration with t. The crosses `2-points tcf BC1 5-593' × `self-colored t BC2 5-593' and `2-points tcf BC2 5-593' × `minimus t BC3 5-593' produced F2 populations that segregated 3:1 for colored:white flowers, respectively. Those results are consistent with the revised hypothesis that tcf can produce partly colored seedcoats without affecting flower color. The RAPD marker OM19400, which is linked in repulsion to T, was used with the F2 populations from the crosses `2-points tcf BC2 5-593' × 5-593 and `2-points tcf BC2 5-593' × `minimus t BC3 5-593' and established that the tcf gene from PI 507984 is either an allele at T or tightly linked to T. F3 data from the cross `2-points tcf BC2 5-593 × 5-593 also support the tcf hypothesis. On the basis of the above experiments, the gene symbol tcf is proposed for an allele at T that pleiotropically produces partly colored seeds and colored flowers.


2005 ◽  
Vol 130 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-385
Author(s):  
Mark J. Bassett

Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) seedcoats can have partly colored patterns such as the new two-points pattern, which has an unknown genotype. The gene tcf (derived from PI 507984) expresses partly colored seedcoat pattern with colored flowers. A genetic tester stock tcf two-points BC3 5-593 was derived from PI 507984 by backcrossing to the recurrent parent, Florida dry bean breeding line 5-593, which has black self-colored seeds and purple flowers due to the genotype T P V. A series of test crosses were made between tcf two-points BC3 5-593 and three genetic tester stocks: t z jers white BC3 5-593, t z bip bipunctata BC3 5-593, and t z virgarcus BC3 5-593. All three test crosses were studied in F1 and F2 populations, and the latter test cross in F3 progenies derived from 80 randomly selected F2 plants. The two-points pattern was never observed with white flower plants expressed by t/t, supporting the hypothesis that tcf is necessary for two-points expression. The complete genotype for two-points was found to be tcf z jers. The tcf gene expresses more extensive colored zones in partly colored seedcoats than t. For example, tcf z J expresses self-colored seedcoats, whereas tcf/t z J expresses white ends pattern and t z J expresses virgarcus. Similarly, the tcf z jers genotype expresses two-points pattern, whereas t z jers expresses white seedcoat; and tcf/-z J/jers expresses PI type pattern, whereas t z J/jers expresses weak virgarcus pattern.


2016 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raja Khanal ◽  
Terry Rupert ◽  
Alireza Navabi ◽  
Thomas H. Smith ◽  
Thomas E. Michaels ◽  
...  

The breeding line ACUG10-1 named as Bolt (CFIA registration no. 7366) of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is resistant to anthracnose [caused by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (Sacc. & Magnus)] with an upright plant architecture, suitable for direct harvest and high yield potential. Bolt is recommended for the dry bean growing areas in southwestern Ontario.


2002 ◽  
Vol 127 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark J. Bassett ◽  
Rian Lee ◽  
Tim Symanietz ◽  
Phillip E. McClean

Two common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genes, J (modifies seedcoat color and pattern) and L (modifies partly colored seedcoat pattern), were tested for allelism using genetic tester stocks. Those stocks have a common genetic background by backcrossing to the recurrent parent, Florida dry bean breeding line 5-593, that has black self-colored seeds and purple flowers due to the genotype T P [C r] Z J G B V Rk. Specifically, the L gene from `Thuringia' and the lers gene from `Early Wax' were tested for allelism with the j gene from various genetic tester stocks. L was found to be identical with j, but lers was a different allele at J. We propose the gene symbols J (formerly l), j (formerly L), and jers (formerly lers). The seedcoat genotype of `Thuringia' was found to be t P C z j g b vlae rkd. A new seedcoat pattern called reverse margo was found to be determined by the genotype T/t z/z j/jers in a P C G B V genetic background. A randomly amplified polymorphic DNA marker was developed for the j gene (formerly L) from `Thuringia' using bulk segregant analysis in an F2 population segregating for j vs. J in a t z genetic background, i.e., from the cross t z j × t z J in BC1 to 5-593. The linkage distance between marker OL4525 and j was determined to be 1.2 cM. In a population segregating for J and jers, the distance between the marker and jers was determined to be 4.7 cM. The utility of marker OL4525 is limited primarily to the Middle American gene pool.


HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 336-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark J. Bassett

Anecdotal evidence exists for nonflatulence among Chilean Manteca and Coscorrón market classes of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), and there is an hypothesis that the seedcoat color may be associated with superior digestibility. The inheritance of seedcoat color in `Prim', a Manteca market-class dry bean, was investigated using a protocol employing genetic interpretation of seedcoat colors in the F1 from testcrosses of `Prim' with a series of tester stocks. Most of the genetic tester stocks were constructed previously by backcrossing selected recessive alleles for seedcoat color into a recurrent parent (5-593) with seedcoat color genotype P [C r] D J G B V Rk Asp. The genetic tester stocks included two varieties, `Masterpiece' and `V0687', and testers constructed on the 5-593 background, viz., j BC2 5-593, d j BC2 5-593, asp BC2 5-593, b v BC2 5-593, v BC2 5-593, and cu BC3 5-593. The seedcoat color genotype of `Prim' was found to be P [C r] d j G b vlae. The implications of this genotype for pigment chemistry are discussed.


2005 ◽  
Vol 130 (4) ◽  
pp. 550-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark J. Bassett

The inheritance of intensified anthocyanin expression (IAE) in a syndrome of plant organs of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) was investigated. A selection from accession line G07262, having white flowers with blue veins on the wing petals and a long, white micropyle stripe on black seedcoats, was used as the source of IAE syndrome. G07262 was crossed with three genetic tester stocks based on Florida dry bean line 5-593, which has the flower and seedcoat genotype T P [C r] Z J G B V Rk. The tester stocks were 5-593 (black seed and bishops violet flowers), t z bip bipunctata BC1 5-593 (a partly colored seedcoat), and v BC2 5-593 (mineral brown seedcoat and white flowers). Analysis of the F1 and F2 data from the test cross G07262 × t z bip bipunctata BC1 5-593 demonstrated that 1) G07262 has genotype t pmic V; 2) genotype t/t prevents expression of IAE syndrome by a dominant gene (Prpi-2) carried cryptically by G07262, i.e., T/-is required for expression of the gene; and 3) Prpi-2 may (preliminary data) express blue veins on white flowers with t V. From the cross with v BC2 5-593, an F4 selection for white flowers with red banner back and mineral brown seedcoats (due to v) was made. When the F4 selection was crossed with 5-593, analysis of the F2 progeny demonstrated that G07262 carries a dominant gene for IAE syndrome, which expresses with V/- but not with v/v. From the test cross 5-593 × G07262, a series of additional cycles of selection and test crosses (including the dark red kidney tester cu b v rkd BC1 5-593) were made, and two new two-colored seedcoat patterns were developed that have never been previously reported. In a test cross with one of them, F2 data demonstrated that the dominant gene for IAE syndrome from G07262 is independent of the C locus, and the gene symbol Prpi-2 is proposed for this IAE syndrome gene to distinguish it from the previously reported IAE syndrome gene [cu Prpi]. A gene symbol reconciliation was made for all previous work with inheritance of IAE syndrome and purple pod genes without the syndrome.


1997 ◽  
Vol 122 (3) ◽  
pp. 344-346
Author(s):  
Mark J. Bassett

Linkage relationships between the locus for shiny pods (ace) and the loci for reclining foliage (rf) and pink (vlae) or white (v) flower color were studied in several crosses among common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) parents. Florida dry bean breeding line 5-593 (Ace Rf V.) was crossed with F3 ace/ace Rf/rf V/vlae, and data were taken in F2. Selections from the previously mentioned F2, viz., F3 ace Rf V, F3 ace rf vlae plant no. 1 and F3 ace rf vlae plant no. 2, were backcrossed to 5-593. Data were taken in F2 on segregation for pod, foliage, and flower characters. Linkage between Ace and V was 37 map units (cM), and linkage between Ace and Rf was 31 cM. A revised estimate for the linkage between Rf and V was 11 cM. The map orientation for linkage group VII is ace -31-rf-11-V.


1995 ◽  
Vol 120 (6) ◽  
pp. 896-899
Author(s):  
Mark J. Bassett

The inheritance of a new allele, cv, at the C locus for seedcoat color was studied in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) using plant introduction (PI) accession 527774 as the source of cv. The cross PI 527774 (yellow-brown seed) x v BC25-593 (mineral-brown seed) genetic tester stock was studied in F1 and F2 progeny. An F3 selection from the above cross, designated F3 cv G b v, was crossed to 5-593 (a Florida breeding line with black seeds), and the F1, and F2 progeny were analyzed for color segregation. The second hackcross [S-593 x F1 (F3 cv G b v x 5-593)] was investigated in selfed progenies from 32 random BC2-F1 parents. Two of the BC2-F2 progenies were further tested in BC2,-F3. A third hackcross of cv to 5-593 was made and analyzed, and an allelism test of cv B V BC2-F35-593 with the cartridge huff cu BC3 5-593 genetic tester stock confirmed that cv is an allele at C. The gene symbol, cv, is proposed for the new allele because it is only expressed with V and gives a grayish-brown seedcoat. Genotypes with C/cv do not show heterozygous mottling with G B v or G b v, and there is no difference in seedcoat color between C G B v and cv G B v, or between C G b v and cv G b v.


1998 ◽  
Vol 123 (3) ◽  
pp. 404-406
Author(s):  
Mark J. Bassett

The inheritance of a seedcoat pattern having white micropyle stripe (WMS) on a colored background was studied in two common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) accessions from Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical—G12606 and G07262. The WMS character from G12606 was backcrossed into the recurrent parent 5-593, which has black seedcoats. Test crosses of the derived WMS stocks (BC1 and BC2) with genetic tester stocks stp (stippled seedcoat) BC2 5-593 and stphbw (flowers with half banner petal white) BC3 5-593, respectively, demonstrated in F1 and F2 progenies that WMS is controlled by an allele at the Stp locus. The gene symbol stpmic is proposed for the allele expressing the WMS character. The dominance order at the Stp locus is Stp > stpmic > stphbw > stp. Although stp and stphbw each produce a different color pattern on flowers, stpmic does not produce patterned flowers. A selection from accession G07262 with a long, white micropyle stripe was crossed with 5-593 to derive a stock named F3 stpmic long micropyle stripe, which was then crossed to the genetic tester stock t z virgarcus BC2 5-593 to produce F1 and F2. Expression of the long micropyle stripe was controlled by the interaction of t and stpmic in the genotype t Z stpmic. The triple recessive interaction from genotype t z stpmic was also observed.


2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 755-762 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Terán ◽  
S P Singh

White mold (WM) caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary is the most devastating disease of common bean (dry and snap or garden bean) (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in North America. The use of a reliable screening method (SM) in common bean is crucial to improve physiological resistance to WM. The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of three SM to identify physiological resistance in dry bean genotypes with different evolutionary origins and levels of resistance. Screening methods tested were: (i) the modified straw test or cut–stem (CSM); (ii) infected bean flower (IFL); and (iii) infected oat seed (IOS). A 195, ICA Bunsi, Othello, and VCW 54 dry bean were tested with the three SM. The experimental design was a split plot in randomized complete blocks with three replications in 2007 and 2008. Two independent inoculations 1 wk apart for each SM were made. The WM reaction was scored at 16, 23, and 33 d post-inoculation (DPI) using a 1 to 9 scale. There were highly significant differences between SM and its interaction with years. The CSM and IFL were the most consistent and highly correlated (r > 0.70, P < 0.01). Interspecific breeding line VCW 54 consistently had the highest WM resistance across years, SM, and evaluation dates, followed by A 195. White mold scores increased with delayed evaluations. Thus, CSM or IFL with disease assessed 33 DPI should be used for identifying common bean genotypes with high levels of physiological resistance to WM.Key words: Common bean, growth habit, race Mesoamerica, race Nueva Granada, Phaseolus vulgaris, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum


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