scholarly journals Prolonged Somatic Transposition in Citrus: The Autonomous Ac Transposable Element Remains Active in the Citrus Genome for Several Years

2005 ◽  
Vol 130 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taly Trainin ◽  
Alexander Lipsky ◽  
Avraham A. Levy ◽  
Doron Holland
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Transposable Element ◽  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Citrus Paradisi ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Somatic Transposition ◽  
Maize Transposable Element ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
Citrus Trees

The maize transposable element Activator (Ac) has been shown to be active in a number of dicots, including arabidopsis [Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh.], tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.), tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.), potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), and aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.). However, no information is available on somatic transposition in any plant during several years of growth and development. It is not known how transposition affects genetic variability among vegetative parts that have developed during a long period of growth. In order to explore the possibility of using somatic Ac transposition for gene tagging and mutagenesis in fruit trees, a derivative of the maize Ac transposable element was introduced into `Duncan' grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macf.) by Agrobacterium tumefaciens (Smith & Towns.) Conn.-mediated stable transformation. Genetically identical 4-year-old sibling trees were established by grafting one of the transformants on Troyer citrange [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbec. × Poncirus trifoliate (L.) Ras.] rootstocks. We demonstrated that the Ac element was active upon transformation in citrus (Citrus L.) trees and that transposition can create genetic variability among tree siblings and among leaves collected from different parts of the same tree. Ac was still active among propagated plants 4 years after transformation, clearly indicating that it is capable of maintaining itself in citrus trees for a long period of time. The observation of different integration patterns in different parts of the same tree and within tree siblings originating from the same transformant suggests that an Ac-based mutagenesis system could be very useful in creating somatic mutations in citrus trees.

scholarly journals Diversidade e sazonalidade de coccinelídeos (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) em pomar no município de Ponta Grossa, Paraná

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 108-112
Author(s):  
Bruno Piotrovski Begha ◽  
Jana Magaly Tesserolli de Souza ◽  
Carlos Henrique Antunes ◽  
Julianne Milléo
Keyword(s):  
Local Community ◽  
Harmonia Axyridis ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Agricultural Pests ◽  
Consequent Reduction ◽  
Prey Aphids ◽  
Harmonia Axyridis Pallas ◽  
Citrus Trees

Resumo. Uma análise sobre a flutuação populacional da entomofauna associada a culturas de interesse econômico pode fornecer subsídios para o manejo integrado de pragas. Dentre os grupos economicamente relevantes podemos citar os coccinelídeos, conhecidos por serem predadores naturais de pragas agrícolas como afídeos. O presente trabalho se faz necessário visto que os Campos Gerais ainda carecem de dados sobre Coccinellidae relacionados a pomares de árvores frutíferas. O estudo foi realizado no pomar do Colégio Agrícola Estadual Augusto Ribas (Ponta Grossa-PR) de julho de 2004 a junho de 2006. As coletas foram feitas usando cada espécie do pomar, sendo elas agrupadas em dois grupos: cítricas e decíduas. Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) foi a espécie mais representativa na amostragem, compreendendo 38,35 % das coletas. as árvores cítricas apresentaram o maior número de insetos totalizando 82,19% da amostragem. É pertinente sugerir que a presença da H. axyridis pode ter afetado a diversidade da comunidade local, sendo ela uma espécie invasora e considerada uma melhor competidora. As árvores cítricas se apresentaram como as mais diversas. Podemos atribuir essa distribuição a maior presença de afídeos nas árvores cítricas, que foram atraídos pelos óleos voláteis secretados por essas plantas. No período final da amostragem houve uma queda populacional, que pode ser atribuída a condições climáticas desfavoráveis, e consequente redução a abundância dos afídeos presa e dos próprios coccinelídeos. Uma maior quantidade de recursos de presa permitiria que mais espécies de joaninhas coexistissem sem competir fortemente. Uma pesquisa futura poderia comparar situação da comunidade, analisando a influência da H. axyridis nas espécies locais.Diversity and seasonality of coccinellids (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in an orchard in the city of Ponta Grossa, ParanáAbstract. An analysis of the population fluctuation of entomofauna associated with crops of economic interest can provide subsidies for integrated pest management. Among the economically relevant groups we can mention the Coccinellidae, known to include natural predators of agricultural pests such as aphids. The present work is necessary since Parana's Campos Gerais still lack data on Coccinellidae related to orchards of fruit trees. The study was conducted in the orchard of Augusto Ribas State Agricultural College (Ponta Grossa-PR) from July 2004 to June 2006. Samples were collected from each species of the orchard, grouped into two groups: citrus and deciduous. Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) was the most representative species in the sample, comprising 38.35% of the collections. Citrus trees had the highest number of insects totaling 82.19% of the sample. It is pertinent to suggest that the presence of H. axyridis may have affected the diversity of the local community, being an invasive species and considered a better competitor. The citrus trees presented themselves as the most diverse. We can attribute this contribution to the greater presence of aphids in the citrus trees, which were attracted by the volatile oils secreted by these plants. In the final period of sampling there was a decrease in population size, which can be attributed to unfavorable climatic conditions, and consequent reduction in the abundance of prey aphids and of the coccinellids themselves. A greater amount of prey resources would allow more species of ladybugs to coexist without competing strongly. A future research could compare community situation by analyzing the influence of H. axyridis on local species.

scholarly journals Characterization of the maize transposable element Ac by internal deletions

1988 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 3653-3659 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Coupland ◽  
Barbara Baker ◽  
Jeff Schell ◽  
Peter Starlinger
Keyword(s):  
Transposable Element ◽  
Maize Transposable Element

Behavior of the maize transposable element Activator in Daucus carota

1989 ◽  
Vol 219 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 313-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Anne Van Sluys ◽  
Jacques Tempé
Keyword(s):  
Transposable Element ◽  
Daucus Carota ◽  
Maize Transposable Element

The maize transposable element Ac excises in progeny of transformed tobacco

1989 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian H. Taylor ◽  
E. Jean Finnegan ◽  
Elizabeth S. Dennis ◽  
W. James Peacock
Keyword(s):  
Transposable Element ◽  
Maize Transposable Element ◽  
Transformed Tobacco

scholarly journals Long-period variables and carbon stars in the Galactic Bulge

1993 ◽  
Vol 153 ◽  
pp. 39-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Whitelock
Keyword(s):  
Globular Clusters ◽  
Galactic Bulge ◽  
Carbon Stars ◽  
Instability Strip ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Evolutionary Phase ◽  
Binary Evolution ◽  
M Stars ◽  
Different Parts

The review covers the properties of red variables in globular clusters and the Galactic Bulge. Details are given of our current understanding of the Mira evolutionary phase. There is evidence that Miras in the LMC and the Bulge occupy different parts of the instability strip but obey the same PLC relation. The Bulge contains at least 2 × 104 Miras of which 100 or so have luminosities in excess of Mbol = — 5 mag. The Mira phase lasts more than 105 yr. These objects originate from stars with a wide range of metallicity, but it is currently unclear if the most metal-rich stars reach the top of the AGB to become Miras. Preliminary data suggest that the distribution of the Miras along the minor axis of the Bulge is different from that of the late-M stars but similar to the 2.4 μm luminosity.Our knowledge of the Bulge carbon stars is briefly reviewed. It is suggested that, by analogy with the carbon-rich dwarfs, these stars are probably best understood as the products of binary evolution.

Dendrogeomorphological Analysis of Mass Movement on Table Cliffs Plateau, Utah

1978 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
John F. Shroder
Keyword(s):  
Response Curve ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Mass Movement ◽  
Mean Annual Precipitation ◽  
Reaction Wood ◽  
Annual Rings ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Event Response ◽  
Different Parts

A rock glacier-year, with little evidence of long-term surges. Different parts of the slope like boulder deposit on the Table Cliffs Plateau, Utah, has moved slowly over a long period of time and has affected over 220 trees growing on it. Analyses of annual rings of trees affected by this and other slope movements show events such as inclination, shear, corrasion, burial, exposure, inundation, and nudation. Datable responses to these events are reaction-wood growth, growth suppression and release, ring termination and new callous growth, sprouting, succession, and miscellaneous structural and morphological changes. Various events may produce delayed, antagonistic, interfering, or irrelevant event responses, necessitating procedural caution. A modified skeleton plot of yearly event responses was constructed for each sample in this study with only strongly replicating dates from within trees considered valid. The resulting event-response curve shows peak periods of movement centered around the years 1781, 1803, 1827, 1849, 1869, 1885, 1890, 1907, 1910, 1923, 1938, 1942, 1944, and 1958. Spectral analysis of the event-response curve, mean annual precipitation, and an independently derived tree-ring precipitation surrogate suggests a possible relation between precipitation and slope movement. Analyses of temperature data did not produce results in spite of the presence of internal ice which might be expected to contribute to movement. Map plots of movement through time show event responses scattered in linear zones throughout the slope during main episodes of movement in any given move at different times and some parts move more than others.

scholarly journals Behaviour of the maize transposable element Ac in Arabidopsis thaliana

1992 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Dean ◽  
Christina Sjodin ◽  
Tania Page ◽  
Jonathan Jones ◽  
Clare Lister
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Transposable Element ◽  
Maize Transposable Element

Amplification of Ac in tomato is correlated with high Ac transposition activity

Genome ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter W. Peterson ◽  
John I. Yoder
Keyword(s):  
Transposable Element ◽  
Single Copy ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Transposition Activity ◽  
Transgenic Tomato Plants ◽  
Activity State ◽  
Ac Transposition ◽  
Low Activity ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Maize Transposable Element

We have assayed the transposition activity of the maize transposable element Ac in transgenic tomato plants that had a single copy of Ac. We found that Ac elements were in either a high or low activity state and that an Ac insertion could cycle from low to high activity within a generation. The different transposition activities were not simply due to the chromosomal position of the element, because the same Ac insertion had different levels of activity in sibling plants. Transposition activity was measured by two methods, one genetic and one physical; both assays gave similar results for each plant studied. Notably, plants with active Ac elements had progeny with amplified Ac copy number, while no amplification was detected in lines containing Ac in a low activity state. Analysis of lines with amplified elements revealed that the elements could be either clustered or dispersed. Our results were consistent with amplification being the result of transposition.Key words: Ae, transposable element, amplification, transposition.

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