Soil Bulk Density and Penetration Resistance under Different Tillage and Crop Management Systems and Their Relationship with Barley Root Growth

Subsoil compaction can result in unfavourable soil physical conditions and hinder the root growth of maize. The effects of deep tillage and conventional tillage on soil physical properties and root growth of maize were studied during 2010–2011 at two sites (loam at Hebi and clay at Luohe) in central China. The results showed that soil penetration resistance, bulk density, water content and root length density were significantly affected by tillage, soil depth and year. Deep tillage had lower penetration resistance and lower soil bulk density, but higher soil water content than conventional tillage across years and depths. Averaged over the whole soil profile, deep tillage not only significantly decreased penetration resistance and soil bulk density, but significantly increased soil water content and root length density on loam, while deep tillage only significantly increased the root length density on clay. We conclude that deep tillage on the loam is more suitable for the root growth of summer maize.

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Critical soil bulk density for soybean growth in Oxisols

International Agrophysics ◽

10.1515/intag-2015-0050 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 29 (4) ◽

pp. 441-447 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Michel Keisuke Sato ◽

Herdjania Veras de Lima ◽

Pedro Daniel de Oliveira ◽

Sueli Rodrigues

Keyword(s):

Root Growth ◽

Bulk Density ◽

Clayey Soil ◽

Sandy Loam ◽

Field Capacity ◽

Penetration Resistance ◽

Soil Bulk Density ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Soybean Root ◽

Soil Penetration Resistance

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the critical soil bulk density from the soil penetration resistance measurements for soybean root growth in Brazilian Amazon Oxisols. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse using disturbed soil samples collected from the northwest of Para characterized by different texture. The treatments consisted of a range of soil bulk densities for each soil textural class. Three pots were used for soybean growth of and two for the soil penetration resistance curve. From the fitted model, the critical soil bulk density was determined considering the penetration resistance values of 2 and 3 MPa. After sixty days, plants were cut and root length, dry mass of root, and dry mass of shoots were determined. At higher bulk densities, the increase in soil water content decreased the penetration resistance, allowing unrestricted growth of soybean roots. Regardless of soil texture, the penetration resistance of 2 and 3 MPa had a slight effect on root growth in soil moisture at field capacity and a reduction of 50% in the soybean root growth was achieved at critical soil bulk density of 1.82, 1.75, 1.51, and 1.45 Mg m-3 for the sandy loam, sandy clay loam, clayey, and very clayey soil.

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Soil physical properties and sugarcane root growth in a red oxiso

Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo ◽

10.1590/s0100-06832012000100007 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 36 (1) ◽

pp. 63-70 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

José Euripides Baquero ◽

Ricardo Ralisch ◽

Cristiane de Conti Medina ◽

João Tavares Filho ◽

Maria de Fátima Guimarães

Keyword(s):

Root Growth ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Bulk Density ◽

Management Practices ◽

Root Length Density ◽

Penetration Resistance ◽

Soil Bulk Density ◽

Soil Physical Properties ◽

Native Forest ◽

Growing Seasons

Sugarcane, which involves the use of agricultural machinery in all crop stages, from soil preparation to harvest, is currently one of the most relevant crops for agribusiness in Brazil. The purpose of this study was to investigate soil physical properties and root growth in a eutroferric red Oxisol (Latossolo Vermelho eutroférrico) after different periods under sugarcane. The study was carried out in a cane plantation in Rolândia, Paraná State, where treatments consisted of a number of cuts (1, 3, 8, 10 and 16), harvested as green and burned sugarcane, at which soil bulk density, macro and microporosity, penetration resistance, as well as root length, density and area were determined. Results showed that sugarcane management practices lead to alterations in soil penetration resistance, bulk density and porosity, compared to native forest soil. These alterations in soil physical characteristics impede the full growth of the sugarcane root system beneath 10 cm, in all growing seasons analyzed.

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Soil microbiological properties and its stratification ratios for soil quality assessment under different cover crop management systems in a semiarid vineyard

Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science ◽

10.1002/jpln.201300371 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 177 (4) ◽

pp. 548-559 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Fernando Peregrina ◽

Eva Pilar Pérez-Álvarez ◽

Enrique García-Escudero

Keyword(s):

Quality Assessment ◽

Soil Quality ◽

Cover Crop ◽

Crop Management ◽

Management Systems ◽

Soil Quality Assessment ◽

Crop Management Systems ◽

Microbiological Properties

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Sustaining Soil Organic Carbon, Soil Quality, and Soil Health in Organic Field Crop Management Systems

Managing Energy, Nutrients, and Pests in Organic Field Crops ◽

10.1201/b16044-13 ◽

2014 ◽

pp. 129-154

Keyword(s):

Organic Carbon ◽

Soil Organic Carbon ◽

Soil Quality ◽

Soil Health ◽

Crop Management ◽

Management Systems ◽

Field Crop ◽

Crop Management Systems

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The effect of heterogeneous soil bulk density on root growth of field-grown mangrove species

Plant and Soil ◽

10.1007/s11104-018-3784-5 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 432 (1-2) ◽

pp. 91-105 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Anne Ola ◽

Susanne Schmidt ◽

Catherine E. Lovelock

Keyword(s):

Root Growth ◽

Bulk Density ◽

Soil Bulk Density ◽

Mangrove Species ◽

Heterogeneous Soil

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Soil compaction under varying rest periods and levels of mechanical disturbance in a rotational grazing system

Canadian Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.4141/cjss2011-026 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 91 (6) ◽

pp. 957-964 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

C. Halde ◽

A. M. Hammermeister ◽

N. L. Mclean ◽

K. T. Webb ◽

R. C. Martin

Keyword(s):

Bulk Density ◽

Soil Compaction ◽

Penetration Resistance ◽

Soil Bulk Density ◽

Intensive Treatment ◽

Rotational Grazing ◽

Pasture Management ◽

Soil Penetration Resistance ◽

Rest Periods ◽

Grazing System

Halde, C., Hammermeister, A. M., McLean, N. L., Webb, K. T. and Martin, R. C. 2011. Soil compaction under varying rest periods and levels of mechanical disturbance in a rotational grazing system. Can. J. Soil Sci. 91: 957–964. In Atlantic Canada, data are limited regarding the effect of grazing systems on soil compaction. The objective of the study was to determine the effect of intensive and extensive rotational pasture management treatments on soil bulk density, soil penetration resistance, forage productivity and litter accumulation. The study was conducted on a fine sandy loam pasture in Truro, Nova Scotia. Each of the eight paddocks was divided into three rotational pasture management treatments: intensive, semi-intensive and extensive. Mowing and clipping were more frequent in the intensive than in the semi-intensive treatment. In the extensive treatment, by virtue of grazing in alternate rotations, the rest period was doubled than that of the intensive and semi-intensive treatments. Both soil bulk density (0–5 cm) and penetration resistance (0–25.5 cm) were significantly higher in the intensive treatment than in the extensive treatment, for all seasons. Over winter, bulk density decreased significantly by 6.8 and 3.8% at 0–5 and 5–10 cm, respectively. A decrease ranging between 40.5 and 4.0% was observed for soil penetration resistance over winter, at 0–1.5 cm and 24.0–25.5 cm, respectively. The intensive and semi-intensive treatments produced significantly more available forage for grazers annually than the extensive treatment. Forage yields in late May to early June were negatively correlated with spring bulk density.

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