The effect of heterogeneous soil bulk density on root growth of field-grown mangrove species

2018 ◽  
Vol 432 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 91-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Ola ◽  
Susanne Schmidt ◽  
Catherine E. Lovelock
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Mangrove Species ◽  
Heterogeneous Soil

scholarly journals WATER TRANSPORT AND GROWTH OF CASHEW (Anacardium occidentale L.) UNDER SOIL MECHANICAL IMPEDANCE

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 117
Author(s):  
JOKO PITONO ◽  
TSUDA MAKOTO ◽  
YOSHIHIKO HIRAI
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Water Transport ◽  
Mechanical Impedance ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Hydraulic Conductance ◽  
Anacardium Occidentale ◽  
Specific Response ◽  
Root Area ◽  
Four Levels

<p>ABSTRACT</p><p>The ability to adapt to soil mechanical impedance was considered to <br /> support cashew growing in drought prone areas, since those areas are <br /> sometimes aggravated by problem on soil mechanical impedance. The <br /> response of water transport and growth under soil mechanical impedance <br /> was  evaluated  at  two  productive  cashew  accessions.  Two  cashew <br /> accessions, A3-1, that adapt well to drought stress, and a local accession <br /> Pangkep, and four levels of soil bulk densities of 0.75 g cm<sup>-3</sup>, 0.90 g cm<sup>-3</sup>, 1.00 g cm<sup>-3</sup> and 1.24 g cm<sup>-3</sup> under sufficient soil moisture conditions, were arranged   in   factorially completely   randomized   design   with   five replications. The response of shoot and root growth, transpiration and hydraulic  conductance  were  evaluated.  The  results  showed  that  the accession of A3-1 indicated a better to maintain root growth under soil mechanical impedance that produced thick root/total root length ratio and xylem area/transvesal root area ratio more than Pangkep. On the other hand, A3-1 was faster in reducing leaf area than Pangkep when subjected to increased level of soil bulk density treatments. Although the hydraulic conductance was not varied among the cashew accessions and had not a specific response trend to soil bulk density treatments, however, the increase of diurnal transpiration induced by increased level of soil bulk <br /> density treatment in A3-1 was higher than it in Pangkep. It is suggested <br /> that the ability to regulate the root and shoot growth and water transport <br /> under soil mechanical impedance condition was better in A3-1 than in <br /> Pangkep. Moreover, it might be a part attribute of drought tolerance on <br /> A3-1 accession.</p><p>Keywords: cashew, soil mechanical impedance, growth, water transport</p><p> </p><p>ABSTRAK</p><p>Transportasi Air dan Pertumbuhan Jambu Mente (Anacardium occidentale L.) pada Berbagai Hambatan Mekanik Tanah</p>Kemampuan  adaptasi  terhadap  hambatan  mekanik  tanah  diper-<br /> kirakan  membantu  pengembangan  jambu  mente  di  wilayah  berlahan <br /> kering, mengingat kondisi wilayah tersebut sering diperparah oleh masalah <br /> hambatan mekanik tanah. Respon transportasi air tanaman dan pertum-<br /> buhan terhadap hambatan mekanik tanah dievaluasi pada dua aksesi jambu mente.  Dua  aksesi  jambu  mete,  A3-1  yang  adaptif  terhadap  stres kekeringan dan aksesi lokal, Pangkep, serta 4 level padatan tanah 0.75 g.cm<sup>-3</sup>, 0.90 g.cm<sup>-3</sup>, 1.00 g.cm<sup>-3</sup>, dan 1.24 g.cm<sup>-3</sup>  dengan kondisi lengas tanah dijaga selalu cukup, disusun dalam rancangan faktorial acak lengkap dengan lima ulangan. Respon pertumbuhan akar dan tajuk, transpirasi, dan daya hantar air tanaman dievaluasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa A3-1 lebih mampu menjaga pertumbuhan akar pada kondisi hambatan mekanik tanah dengan nilai rasio panjang akar tebal/panjang total akar dan rasio luas xylem/luas melintang akar lebih lebih besar daripada Pangkep. Pada sisi lain, A3-1 mengurangi luas daun lebih cepat dibanding Pangkep saat diberikan kenaikan perlakuan berat isi tanah. Meskipun tidak ada perbedaan daya hantar air tanaman di antara kedua aksesi dan tidak adanya pola respon spesifik terhadap perlakuan  padatan tanah, namun terjadi kenaikan transpirasi harian lebih besar pada A3-1 daripada Pangkep. Hasil ini mengindikasikan bahwa kemampuan A3-1 mengatur pertumbuhan dan transportasi  air  saat  mengalami  hambatan  mekanik  tanah  lebih  baik daripada Pangkep. Hal ini mungkin merupakan bagian dari sifat toleransi terhadap kekeringan pada aksesi A3-1.<p>Kata kunci:  jambu mente, hambatan mekanik tanah, pertumbuhan, transportasi air</p>

scholarly journals S-index and soybean root growth in different soil textural classes

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 329-336
Author(s):  
Pedro D. de Oliveira ◽  
Michel K. Sato ◽  
Sueli Rodrigues ◽  
Herdjania V. de Lima
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Sandy Clay Loam ◽  
Soybean Root ◽  
Sandy Clay ◽  
Limiting Values

ABSTRACT This study tested the hypothesis that the limiting values of S-index, proposed in the literature can not be used to determine the degradation condition of soils under soybean cultivation in the state of Pará, Brazil. The objective was to determine limiting values of S-index using soil physical attributes and validate it with soybean root growth, in soils with different textural classes. For the experimental design, the following treatments were established: five compaction levels for sandy loam and sandy clay loam soils and three levels for clayey and very clayey soils. The following physical parameters were analysed: particle-size distribution, soil bulk density, critical soil bulk density, degree of compaction, soil-water retention curve, S-index and relative root length of soybean. The limiting values of S-index varied according to soil textural class and were equal to 0.037, 0.020 and 0.056 for sandy loam, sandy clay loam and clay, respectively. The S-index does not apply to soils with clay content > 71%, because it does not vary with the degree of compaction of the soil or the root growth of the evaluated crop.

scholarly journals Effects of tillage on soil physical properties and root growth of maize in loam and clay in central China  

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (No. 7) ◽  
pp. 295-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Ji ◽  
Y. Zhao ◽  
X. Mu ◽  
K. Liu ◽  
C. Li
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Root Length Density ◽  
Penetration Resistance ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Central China ◽  
Deep Tillage

Subsoil compaction can result in unfavourable soil physical conditions and hinder the root growth of maize. The effects of deep tillage and conventional tillage on soil physical properties and root growth of maize were studied during 2010&ndash;2011 at two sites (loam at Hebi and clay at Luohe) in central China. The results showed that soil penetration resistance, bulk density, water content and root length density were significantly affected by tillage, soil depth and year. Deep tillage had lower penetration resistance and lower soil bulk density, but higher soil water content than conventional tillage across years and depths. Averaged over the whole soil profile, deep tillage not only significantly decreased penetration resistance and soil bulk density, but significantly increased soil water content and root length density on loam, while deep tillage only significantly increased the root length density on clay. We conclude that deep tillage on the loam is more suitable for the root growth of summer maize.

Impact of Intensive Forest Management Practices on the Bulk Density of Lower Coastal Plain and Piedmont Soils

1985 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Gent ◽  
R. Ballard
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Mechanical Impedance ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Intensive Forest Management ◽  
Lower Coastal Plain

Abstract Trafficking during harvesting significantly increased soil bulk density to depths of 3 to 6 inches in areas outside of primary skid trails and 9 to 12 inches in primary skid trails. On the Coastal Plain site, bedding was effective in offsetting soil compaction in areas outside of primary skid trails, forming a new soil surface, 7 to 8 inches in height, over the surface trafficked during harvest. Bedding may not be so effective in the skid trails, because the original soil surface under the bed was so compacted that root growth may be inhibited. On the Piedmont site, disking was effective in restoring bulk density to preharvest levels in the upper 3 to 5 inches of soil, but soil compaction in the upper 3 to 9 inches of drum-chopped areas may result in reduced root growth, because of mechanical impedance.

scholarly journals Critical soil bulk density for soybean growth in Oxisols

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 441-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Keisuke Sato ◽  
Herdjania Veras de Lima ◽  
Pedro Daniel de Oliveira ◽  
Sueli Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Clayey Soil ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Penetration Resistance ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Soybean Root ◽  
Soil Penetration Resistance

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the critical soil bulk density from the soil penetration resistance measurements for soybean root growth in Brazilian Amazon Oxisols. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse using disturbed soil samples collected from the northwest of Para characterized by different texture. The treatments consisted of a range of soil bulk densities for each soil textural class. Three pots were used for soybean growth of and two for the soil penetration resistance curve. From the fitted model, the critical soil bulk density was determined considering the penetration resistance values of 2 and 3 MPa. After sixty days, plants were cut and root length, dry mass of root, and dry mass of shoots were determined. At higher bulk densities, the increase in soil water content decreased the penetration resistance, allowing unrestricted growth of soybean roots. Regardless of soil texture, the penetration resistance of 2 and 3 MPa had a slight effect on root growth in soil moisture at field capacity and a reduction of 50% in the soybean root growth was achieved at critical soil bulk density of 1.82, 1.75, 1.51, and 1.45 Mg m-3 for the sandy loam, sandy clay loam, clayey, and very clayey soil.

INFLUENCE OF SOIL DENSITY ON LEAF WATER POTENTIAL OF CORN

1978 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-278
Author(s):  
D. T. MORRIS ◽  
T. B. DAYNARD
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Soil Density ◽  
Water Potentials ◽  
Corn Plants

Corn plants were grown in growth rooms at 1.2 and 1.4 g cm−3 soil bulk density. Leaf water potentials (LWP) of paired plants of similar leaf area were monitored during 3-day drying cycles. With denser soil, LWP declined more rapidly during light, and increased more slowly during dark intervals because of restricted root growth.

EFFECTS OF SUBSOIL BULK DENSITY, NUTRIENT AVAILABILITY AND SOIL MOISTURE ON CORN ROOT GROWTH IN THE FIELD

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. STYPA ◽  
A. NUNEZ-BARRIOS ◽  
D. A. BARRY ◽  
M. H. MILLER ◽  
W. A. MITCHELL
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Potential ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Corn Root ◽  
Penetrometer Resistance ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Distribution Of Roots

In a 4-yr study, root growth in the upper 50 cm of a silt loam soil (Gleyed Melanic Brunisol) was equal to or greater than that in a low-density artificial medium (soil:peat:perlite) in spite of a high bulk density in the soil (1.5 Mg m−3 in the 15-to 45-cm depth). We suggest that, due to the natural structure of the Bm horizon, the resistance to root growth is much less than would be expected from bulk density or penetrometer resistance measurements. Marked increases in P and K fertility in the surface soil had only minor effects on either the total length or distribution of roots although the shoot growth was markedly increased. Neither total root length nor root distribution were altered by irrigation during 1981, the only year a moisture variable was included. During a 2-wk dry period in July, prior to anthesis, soil water potential on the nonirrigated plots decreased to −1.5 MPa in the upper 15 cm and to −0.5 MPa in the 15- to 30-cm layer. Leaf water potential, stomatal conductance and rate of growth during the period were lower on the nonirrigated treatment although final dry matter production was not. The results indicate that corn root growth and distribution in the field are not as sensitive to environmental factors as one would expect from short-term laboratory studies. Key words: Corn, root growth, soil bulk density, fertility, soil water

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