Equation for Describing Solute Transport in Field Soils with Preferential Flow Paths

2005 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young-Jin Kim ◽  
Christophe J. G. Darnault ◽  
Nathan O. Bailey ◽  
J.-Yves Parlange ◽  
Tammo S. Steenhuis
Keyword(s):  
Solute Transport ◽  
Preferential Flow ◽  
Flow Paths ◽  
Preferential Flow Paths ◽  
Field Soils

An Equation for Describing Solute Transport in Field Soils with Preferential Flow Paths

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.S. Steenhuis ◽  
Y.-J. Kim ◽  
J.-Y. Parlange ◽  
M.S. Akhtar ◽  
B.K. Richards ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solute Transport ◽  
Preferential Flow ◽  
Flow Paths ◽  
Preferential Flow Paths ◽  
Field Soils

scholarly journals Dye staining and excavation of a lateral preferential flow network

2009 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 935-944 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Anderson ◽  
M. Weiler ◽  
Y. Alila ◽  
R. O. Hudson
Keyword(s):  
Slope Stability ◽  
Solute Transport ◽  
Preferential Flow ◽  
Runoff Generation ◽  
Flow Paths ◽  
Soil Matrix ◽  
Preferential Flow Paths ◽  
Dye Staining ◽  
Hillslope Scale ◽  
Surrounding Soil

Abstract. Preferential flow paths have been found to be important for runoff generation, solute transport, and slope stability in many areas around the world. Although many studies have identified the particular characteristics of individual features and measured the runoff generation and solute transport within hillslopes, very few studies have determined how individual features are hydraulically connected at a hillslope scale. In this study, we used dye staining and excavation to determine the morphology and spatial pattern of a preferential flow network over a large scale (30 m). We explore the feasibility of extending small-scale dye staining techniques to the hillslope scale. We determine the lateral preferential flow paths that are active during the steady-state flow conditions and their interaction with the surrounding soil matrix. We also calculate the velocities of the flow through each cross-section of the hillslope and compare them to hillslope scale applied tracer measurements. Finally, we investigate the relationship between the contributing area and the characteristics of the preferential flow paths. The experiment revealed that larger contributing areas coincided with highly developed and hydraulically connected preferential flow paths that had flow with little interaction with the surrounding soil matrix. We found evidence of subsurface erosion and deposition of soil and organic material laterally and vertically within the soil. These results are important because they add to the understanding of the runoff generation, solute transport, and slope stability of preferential flow-dominated hillslopes.

scholarly journals Predicting subsurface stormflow response of a forested hillslope – the role of connected flow paths

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Wienhöfer ◽  
E. Zehe
Keyword(s):  
Solute Transport ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Preferential Flow ◽  
Quantitative Description ◽  
Lateral Flow ◽  
Hydrological Process ◽  
Flow Paths ◽  
Preferential Flow Paths ◽  
Model Set

Abstract. Rapid flow processes in connected preferential flow paths are widely accepted to play a key role in the rainfall–runoff response at the hillslope scale, but a quantitative description of these processes is still a major challenge in hydrological research. This paper investigates the approach of incorporating preferential flow paths explicitly in a process-based model for modelling water flow and solute transport at a steep forested hillslope. We conceptualise preferential flow paths as spatially explicit structures with high conductivity and low retention capacity, and evaluate simulations with different combinations of vertical and lateral flow paths in conjunction with variable or constant soil depths against measured discharge and tracer breakthrough. Out of 122 tested realisations, six set-ups fulfilled our selection criteria for the water flow simulation. These set-ups successfully simulated infiltration, vertical and lateral subsurface flow in structures, and allowed predicting the magnitude, dynamics and water balance of the hydrological response of the hillslope during successive periods of steady-state sprinkling on selected plots and intermittent rainfall on the entire hillslope area. The number of equifinal model set-ups was further reduced by the results of solute transport simulations. Two of the six acceptable model set-ups matched the shape of the observed breakthrough curve well, indicating that macrodispersion induced by preferential flow was captured well by the topology of the preferential flow network. The configurations of successful model set-ups suggest that preferential flow related to connected vertical and lateral flow paths is a first-order control on the hydrology of the study hillslope, whereas spatial variability of soil depth is secondary especially when lateral flow paths are present. Virtual experiments for investigating hillslope controls on subsurface processes should thus consider the effect of distinctive flow paths within the soil mantle. The explicit representation of flow paths in a hydrological process model was found to be a suitable approach for this purpose.

scholarly journals Predicting subsurface storm flow response of a forested hillslope: the role of connected flow paths and bedrock topography

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 6473-6514 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Wienhöfer ◽  
E. Zehe
Keyword(s):  
Solute Transport ◽  
Preferential Flow ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Quantitative Description ◽  
Flow Simulation ◽  
Tracer Experiment ◽  
Lateral Flow ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Flow Paths ◽  
Preferential Flow Paths

Abstract. Rapid flow processes in connected preferential flow paths are widely accepted to play a key role for rainfall-runoff response at the hillslope scale, but a quantitative description of these processes is still a major challenge in hydrological research. This paper investigates the approach of incorporating preferential flow paths explicitly in a process-based model for modelling water flows and solute transport at a steep forested hillslope. We conceptualise preferential flow paths as spatially explicit structures with high conductivity and low retention capacity, and evaluate simulations with different combinations of vertical and lateral flow paths against measured discharge and tracer breakthrough. Out of 122 tested realisations, five setups fulfilled our selection criteria for the water flow simulation. These setups successfully simulated infiltration, vertical and lateral subsurface flow in structures, and allowed predicting the magnitude, dynamics and water balance of the hydrological response of the hillslope during subsequent periods of steady-state sprinkling on selected plots and intermittent rainfall on the entire hillslope area. The solute transport simulations with these setups matched spread and shape of the observed breakthrough curve well, indicating that macrodispersion induced by preferential flow was captured well by the topology of the preferential flow network. The model, however, could not match the very fast breakthrough times observed in the tracer experiment. This can readily be attributed to the simplified representation of the spatial dimensions of the implemented distinctive structures in the 2-D cross-section, which led to an underestimation of effective transport velocities in comparison to the correctly modelled flux densities. The configurations of successful model setups suggest that preferential flow bound to connected vertical and lateral flow paths is a first-order control on the hydrology of the study hillslope, whereas spatial variability of soil depth is secondary. Virtual experiments for investigating hillslope controls on subsurface processes should thus explicitly consider distinctive flow paths as a potential determinant.

scholarly journals Solute transport along preferential flow paths in unsaturated fractures

2001 ◽  
Vol 37 (10) ◽  
pp. 2481-2491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grace W. Su ◽  
Jil T. Geller ◽  
Karsten Pruess ◽  
James R. Hunt
Keyword(s):  
Solute Transport ◽  
Preferential Flow ◽  
Flow Paths ◽  
Preferential Flow Paths

Visualizing Preferential Flow Paths using Ammonium Carbonate and a pH Indicator

2002 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi Wang ◽  
Jianhang Lu ◽  
Laosheng Wu ◽  
Thomas Harter ◽  
William A. Jury
Keyword(s):  
Preferential Flow ◽  
Ammonium Carbonate ◽  
Ph Indicator ◽  
Flow Paths ◽  
Preferential Flow Paths

Dynamic Modeling of Channel Formation During Fluid Injection Into Unconsolidated Formations

SPE Journal ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (04) ◽  
pp. 689-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.. Ameen ◽  
A. Dahi Taleghani
Keyword(s):  
Preferential Flow ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Internal Erosion ◽  
Fluid Injection ◽  
Critical Threshold ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Flow Paths ◽  
Preferential Flow Paths ◽  
Stress Changes

Summary Injectivity loss is a common problem in unconsolidated-sand formations. Injection of water into a poorly cemented granular medium may lead to internal erosion, and consequently formation of preferential flow paths within the medium because of channelization. Channelization in the porous medium might occur when fluid-induced stresses become locally larger than a critical threshold and small grains are dislodged and carried away; hence, porosity and permeability of the medium will evolve along the induced flow paths. Vice versa, flowback during shut-in might carry particles back to the well and cause sand accumulation inside the well, and subsequently loss of injectivity. In most cases, to maintain the injection rate, operators will increase injection pressure and pumping power. The increased injection pressure results in stress changes and possibly further changes in channel patterns around the wellbore. Experimental laboratory studies have confirmed the presence of the transition from uniform Darcy flow to a fingered-pattern flow. To predict these phenomena, a model is needed to fill this gap by predicting the formation of preferential flow paths and their evolution. A model based on the multiphase-volume-fraction concept is used to decompose porosity into mobile and immobile porosities where phases may change spatially, evolve over time, and lead to development of erosional channels depending on injection rates, viscosity, and rock properties. This model will account for both particle release and suspension deposition. By use of this model, a methodology is proposed to derive model parameters from routine injection tests by inverse analysis. The proposed model presents the characteristic behavior of unconsolidated formation during fluid injection and the possible effect of injection parameters on downhole-permeability evolution.

Biofilm development and the dynamics of preferential flow paths in porous media

Biofouling ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (9) ◽  
pp. 1069-1086 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simona Bottero ◽  
Tomas Storck ◽  
Timo J. Heimovaara ◽  
Mark C.M. van Loosdrecht ◽  
Michael V. Enzien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Porous Media ◽  
Preferential Flow ◽  
Flow Paths ◽  
Preferential Flow Paths ◽  
Biofilm Development
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