The Future Role of Irrigation in Meeting the World's Food Supply

Author(s):  
Montague Yudelman
Keyword(s):  

Engineering practice is all about designing, constructing and maintaining structures for the comfort and use of mankind. In order to achieve his purpose the engineer takes materials from the world around him and assembles them into an artefact to meet a defined need. In earlier times need could be satisfied quite simply by gathering materials as they are found in nature and assembling them into useful forms with a minimum amount of modification, such as chiselling rough stones into simple geometrical forms to make walls. The early engineer was his own materials scientist and the great pyramids, cathedrals, aqueducts and the like remain as testimonies to his understanding of the properties of natural materials. The progress of science and technology has changed all that. The improvement of properties made possible by separating metals from their ores opened up entirely new vistas for structural design. But the intricacy and complexity of all the intervening stages from ore in the ground to a useful modern engineering structure are so diverse that engineering practice has to be seen now as only the last step in a long sequence of professional activities encompassing geological prospecting, through mining to smelting, refining and fabrication. Thus engineering practice has come to depend for its successful prosecution on many sciences and technologies among which metallurgy is paramount. But metallurgy itself is now subdivided, as the subtitle of our conference shows, and throughout the papers you will find reference to a variety of sub-subspecies including ‘solid state physical metallurgy’. In reflecting on the scope of my contribution to the conference I was led to seek the origin of this adjectival division of the discipline because I believe it has an important bearing on the future


2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Münch ◽  
Heiko A. von der Gracht ◽  
Evi Hartmann

Purpose The importance of integrating sustainability into business activities rises continuously. In addition to an established focus on forward logistics, there is a growing awareness of reverse logistics. Reverse logistics ensures sustainable practices and increases competitiveness for companies, but it also comes with challenges. Therefore, the implementation of reverse logistics is associated with uncertainties. This paper aims to fill this gap by analyzing the development and comprehensive potential of reverse logistics as a sustainability tool. Design/methodology/approach To bridge the research gap, a real-time Delphi study was conducted. Through an extensive desk research, semi-structured interviews and an expert workshop, 14 projections for the German food sector of 2040 were created. A total of 49 experts in the field of logistics, reverse logistics and food logistics assessed the future projections concerning estimated probability, impact and desirability of occurrence. Findings The findings derived lead to three possible future scenarios as well as potential drivers and barriers that food companies, the government and society need to consider to enable a successful transition toward implementing reverse logistics in food supply chains. Originality/value The study examined the future role of reverse logistics as a sustainability tool in food supply chains. The results serve as a framework for decision-making on the sustainable orientation of business practices, leading to increased competitiveness and resilient business strategy. Several implications are derived for practitioners, policymakers and society to promote reverse logistics. Methodologically, this study extends existing Delphi methods by conducting a quantitative dissent and sentiment analysis, considering various surface-level and deep-level diversity characteristics.


2008 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 391-404
Author(s):  
Nout van Woudenberg ◽  
Wouter Wormgoor

AbstractOn 3 December 2008, theConvention on Cluster Munitions(hereinafter the Convention), a legally binding instrument on cluster munitions that cause unacceptable harm to civilians, was signed by 94 states in Oslo. The Convention is the result of a Norwegian initiative of November 2006 which, ultimately led to negotiations conducted in Dublin from 18-30 May 2008 between 111 states. Below, a short overview will be given with regard to the process that led to the Convention, followed by a short explanation of the most relevant Articles of the Convention and the ideas behind it. Finally, a determination will be given with regard to the future role of the Convention in the field of international humanitarian law.


2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (01) ◽  
pp. 35-42
Author(s):  
M. Hermans

SummaryThe author presents his personal opinion inviting to discussion on the possible future role of psychiatrists. His view is based upon the many contacts with psychiatrists all over Europe, academicians and everyday professionals, as well as the familiarity with the literature. The list of papers referred to is based upon (1) the general interest concerning the subject when representing ideas also worded elsewhere, (2) the accessibility to psychiatrists and mental health professionals in Germany, (3) being costless downloadable for non-subscribers and (4) for some geographic aspects (e.g. Belgium, Spain, Sweden) and the latest scientific issues, addressing some authors directly.


2019 ◽  
Vol SI (2) ◽  
pp. 227-244
Author(s):  
Dylan Yanano Mangani ◽  
◽  
Nanga Raymond Raselekoane ◽  
Keyword(s):  

1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew M. Schuster ◽  
Austin A. Stovall

1970 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
pp. 211-214 ◽  

The role of Members of the Institute and the Institute's place in the future environment that will emerge in the next few years is discussed, with particular emphasis upon the contribution that the Institute and its Members can make to the strength of this emerging future through our particular activities and capabilities.


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