The Geographic Scope of Knowledge Spillovers: Spatial Proximity, Political Borders and Non-Compete Enforcement Policy

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasjit Singh ◽  
Matt Marx
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Spillovers ◽  
Spatial Proximity ◽  
Geographic Scope ◽  
Enforcement Policy ◽  
Political Borders

Geographic Constraints on Knowledge Spillovers: Political Borders vs. Spatial Proximity

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (9) ◽  
pp. 2056-2078 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasjit Singh ◽  
Matt Marx
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Spillovers ◽  
Spatial Proximity ◽  
Political Borders

scholarly journals The Roles and Measurements of Proximity in Sustained Technology Development: A Literature Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Omobhude ◽  
Shih-Hsin Chen
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Transfer ◽  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Knowledge Spillovers ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Spatial Proximity ◽  
Knowledge Assets ◽  
Sustainable Technology ◽  
Face To Face

In existing studies, sustainable technology development involves harnessing knowledge assets to improve technological development and innovation to create competitive advantage for a firm. In recent decades, there has been a huge amount of scholarly articles on how technology development and innovation sustain competitive advantage. However, until recently most research focused on the spatial component of innovation and its influence on sustained technology development. Many studies have used proximity to examine spatial and relational mechanisms that lead to knowledge spillover and sustainable technology development. Reviewing 123 scholarly articles relating to proximity of innovation (1980–2018), this paper attempts to explore both spatial and non-spatial factors that influence sustainable technology and innovation development including geographic, cognitive, organizational, social, and institutional proximity. The review showed that each proximity dimension has relative importance and can be peculiar. For example, geographical proximity highlights the role of location and relative distance range in determining knowledge spillovers, especially relevant for face-to-face interaction and conditions that require certain types of complex tacit knowledge. This paper makes important contributions to our understanding of spatial and non-spatial proximity factors associated with sustainable technology development. The review showed that interpersonal factors are important for knowledge transfer to take place as knowledge does not depend entirely on location. The findings show that commonly used approaches to measure proximities include patent data and nomenclature of territorial units for statistics, not widely accessible across contexts, which impacts research and development (R&D) policy development. Cognitive, social, and institutional dimensions are important for knowledge transfer, supported by interplay of other proximities that determine and influence sustained technology development. In addition, management of proximity influences how knowledge assets are used for innovation and sustained technology development.

scholarly journals Phenomenon of Structural-Technological Proximity and Knowledge Spillovers between Russian Regions

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 1254-1271
Author(s):  
Galina A. Untura ◽  
Maria A. Kaneva ◽  
Olga N. Moroshkina
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Knowledge Spillovers ◽  
Knowledge Spillover ◽  
Spatial Proximity ◽  
Russian Regions ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Novosibirsk Region ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Impact

International theoretical and empirical studies have shown that regional development and economic growth largely depend on spatial and non-spatial proximity of regions, which generates knowledge spillovers. We developed a methodological approach to measuring and visualising spatial and structural-technological proximity affecting regional knowledge spillovers. Moreover, we tested the techniques of the cartographic visualisation of the proximity of Russian regions. Further, we analysed foreign and domestic approaches to studying spatial and non-spatial proximity and obtained new results. We described the stages constituting a methodology for the quantitative assessment of different types of regional proximity. Additionally, we proposed a method for constructing a typology of regions based on the coefficients of the non-spatial proximity matrix, calculated according to the indicator “gross value added” for 15 sectors of the Russian National Classifier of Economic Activities (OKVED) for Russian regions. Using the data for the Novosibirsk region in 2005 and 2016, we applied methodological techniques for measuring and visualising geographical and structural-technological proximity (STB) of a region in relation to other constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The Novosibirsk region is located in the middle of the country and has a diversified structure of economic activities and science. For this particular region, there has been an increase in the likelihood of the emergence of knowledge spillover channels with various European regions of Russia and some regions of the Urals and the Far East. Proximity matrices can be used in econometric studies to test hypotheses about the impact of different forms of proximity on regional economic growth. Recommendations to enhance knowledge spillover coincide with the proposals to support the areas of innovative development stated in The Strategy of Spatial Development of the Russian Federation for the period until 2025.

scholarly journals An Exploration Of Geographic Scope: The Cluster Of Grenoble

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 361
Author(s):  
Laurent Scaringella
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Small Firms ◽  
Knowledge Spillovers ◽  
Knowledge Flows ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Research Centers ◽  
Large Firms ◽  
Geographic Scope ◽  
Engineering Sciences

<p>This article examines the high-tech cluster of Grenoble in the light of regional studies. In particular, we explore the geographic scope of organizations, knowledge flows and risk perceptions. Using a large quantitative dataset, we observe that trial-driven synthetic knowledge-flow dynamics are generally based on the engineering sciences and develop over large distances, posing a challenge to well-established clusters. Our results emphasize significant differences across organization types (firms, research centers, universities, and public bodies) and organization sizes (small, medium, and large). We find that large firms develop knowledge-flows dynamics over greater distances than small firms and that research centers, universities and medium-sized firms perceive greater knowledge anchoring than do small and large firms. In addition, we find that theory-driven analytical and branding-driven symbolic knowledge are more anchored than synthetic knowledge, which is the type of knowledge of greatest value in information and communication technologies (ICT). Finally, we argue that the increase of geographical distance between knowledge senders and receivers increases the perception of the risk of unintended knowledge spillovers.</p>

Localised knowledge inputs and innovation: The role of spatially mediated knowledge spillovers in Hungary

2007 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Varga
Keyword(s):  
Technological Change ◽  
Knowledge Spillovers ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Spatial Proximity ◽  
Systems Of Innovation ◽  
Innovation Research ◽  
Restructuring Process

The role of spatial proximity to innovation inputs (such as industrial R&D or academic research) in technological change has been widely studied in the economics literature. However, most of the papers in this research area are based on data for technologically advanced countries such as the US and parts of the EU. During transition recently accessed countries of Central Europe have undergone a dramatic restructuring process that significantly affected their systems of innovation: R&D expenditures, academic research and patenting activity have declined. According to some research results FDI constituted the most significant drive of technological change during the 1990s. Is there any role of spatially mediated knowledge spillovers in innovation in these countries? To what extent regional systems of innovation have started to develop in Central European new EU member countries? These questions have rarely been raised in the relevant literature. Using regional data this paper adopts econometric modelling techniques commonly applied in innovation research to study the role of localised knowledge inputs in technological change in Hungary.

scholarly journals Does spatial proximity raise firm productivity? Evidence from British manufacturing

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Harris ◽  
John Moffat ◽  
Emil Evenhuis ◽  
Ron Martin ◽  
Andy Pike ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Spillovers ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Production Functions ◽  
Spatial Proximity ◽  
Advanced Manufacturing ◽  
Factor Productivity ◽  
Spatial Concentration ◽  
Manufacturing Sectors ◽  
Plant Level ◽  
Positive Effect

Abstract The UK’s economy is one of the most regionally imbalanced in Europe. The government’s recent industrial strategy discusses various means of addressing this, one of which is the strengthening of existing clusters. Using plant-level indices of spatial proximity derived from postcode district data, this article investigates the extent of spatial concentration and its impact on total factor productivity in advanced manufacturing sectors in Great Britain. The results from estimation of production functions indicate that, in most advanced manufacturing sectors, spatial concentration has a negative impact on productivity in small plants and a positive effect in larger plants. Large plants likely benefit more from knowledge spillovers due to their higher levels of absorptive capacity.

The Influence of Target-Distractor Spatial Proximity on Covert Competition and Overt Saccadic Selection

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carly J. Leonard ◽  
Steven J. Luck
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Proximity

Identifying Business-to-Business Unfair Trading Practices in the Food Supply Chain: The case of Cyprus

New Medit ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marinos Markou ◽  
Andreas Stylianou ◽  
Marianthi Giannakopoulou ◽  
Georgios Adamides
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Food Supply ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
State Level ◽  
Strategic Partnerships ◽  
Food Supply Chain ◽  
National Legislation ◽  
Food Supply Chains ◽  
Enforcement Policy ◽  
Monitoring And Enforcement

Unfair Trading Practices (UTPs) between businesses in the food supply chain have a significant impact on the various stakeholders involved, and on the environment. So far, no attempt has been made at the Member State level for the identification of UTPs in the food supply chain and their impact on the relevant stakeholders. This study drew on this gap and attempted to identify the UTPs that exist in the Cypriot food supply chain, assess their impact on the involved stakeholders and provide guidelines that will assist the transposition of EU relevant Directive to the national law. To achieve this goal, the study was based on a quantitative survey of a representative sample of businesses using a specific questionnaire. The results showed that particular UTPs do appear in the food supply chain with a different frequency, while the majority of businesses have been victims of UTPs in the last five years. Notably, the estimated cost of UTPs as a percentage of the business annual turnover is considered important ranging from 5.7% for retailers to 31.9% for farmers. Thus, most participants agree that UTPs in the agricultural food sector should be regulated by national legislation. We argue that the national legislation for UTPs should be a mix of policies that integrate private, administrative and judicial methods of monitoring and enforcement. Policy and decision makers should seek to reinforce the role and the bargaining power of small businesses in the food supply chain. This might be accomplished through the development of efficient producers’ organizations, short food supply chains, interbranch organizations and strategic partnerships.

DIFFUSION OF INNOVATIONS, KNOWLEDGE SPILLOVERS AND ECONOMIC GROWTH OF THE REGIONS OF KAZAKHSTAN: MUTUAL IMPACT

THE BULLETIN ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (385) ◽  
pp. 151-159
Author(s):  
L. S. Spankulova ◽  
◽  
M. A. Kaneva ◽  
Z. K. Chulanova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Diffusion Of Innovations ◽  
Knowledge Spillovers
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