Health, Communication, and Behavior: Freedom of Expression

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence O. Gostin
Keyword(s):  
Health Communication ◽  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
And Behavior

Self-Affirmation

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoquan Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Health Communication ◽  
Risk Communication ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
The Self ◽  
Defensive Response ◽  
Psychological Mechanisms ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Message Acceptance

Self-affirmation theory posits that people are motivated to maintain an adequate sense of self-integrity. It further posits that the self-system is highly flexible such that threats to one domain of the self can be better endured if the global sense of self-integrity is protected and reinforced by self-resources in other, unrelated domains. Health and risk communication messages are often threatening to the self because they convey information that highlights inadequacies in one’s health attitudes and behaviors. This tends to lead to defensive response, particularly among high-risk groups to whom the messages are typically targeted and most relevant. However, self-affirmation theory suggests that such defensive reactions can be effectively reduced if people are provided with opportunities to reinforce their sense of self-integrity in unrelated domains. This hypothesis has generated substantial research in the past two decades. Empirical evidence so far has provided relatively consistent support for a positive effect of self-affirmation on message acceptance, intention, and behavior. These findings encourage careful consideration of the theoretical and practical implications of self-affirmation theory in the genesis and reduction of defensive response in health and risk communication. At the same time, important gaps and nuances in the literature should be noted, such as the boundary conditions of the effects of self-affirmation, the lack of clarity in the psychological mechanisms underlying the observed effects, and the fact that self-affirmation can be easily implemented in some health communication contexts, but not in others. Moreover, the research program may also benefit from greater attention to variables and questions of more direct interest to communication researchers, such as the role of varying message attributes and audience characteristics, the potential to integrate self-affirmation theory with health communication theories, and the spontaneous occurrence of positive self-affirmation in natural health communication settings.

Freedom of Information and the Evidentiary Use of Film in Japan: Law and Sociopolitics in an East Asian Democracy

1971 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 1119-1134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence W. Beer
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
Freedom Of Information ◽  
Procedural Law ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
Television Film ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Right ◽  
Privileged Communications ◽  
And Behavior

This study sets forth the post-1945 development and present status of Japanese constitutional and procedural law on court-mass media relations, while analyzing aspects of the interaction between law and sociopolitical thought and behavior. A recent and dramatic illustration of the issues is provided by the Hakata Station Film Case: A Fukuoka court'ssubpoena(August 29, 1969) for newsfilm taken during a student-police encounter occasioned conflict between Japan's mass media and courts; the dispute was resolved by a film seizure (March 4, 1970) three months after the Supreme Court had upheld thesubpoena'sconstitutionality. The media maintain that Article 21 of the Constitution (freedom of expression) gives them the right to determine when their used or unused television film or still photographs may be employed as court evidence, even in the absence of privileged communications. This and other court cases considered, arising from Japan's perennial demonstrations, illustrate a strong tendency toward in-group unanimity, new problems in news and evidence gathering, and the operation of a non-Western legal system influenced by Japanese, European, and American traditions.

Health Communication in the Prevention of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Drug Use

1997 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 544-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce G. Simons-Morton ◽  
Lewis Donohew ◽  
Aria Davis Crump
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Health Communication ◽  
Substance Abuse Prevention ◽  
Special Section ◽  
Prevention Programs ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Abuse Prevention ◽  
Education Community ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Attitudes And Behavior

Research on substance abuse prevention programs indicates that effectiveness is greater when multiple intervention approaches that address the specific vocabulary, perceptions, and values of the target population are employed. The field of health communication provides unique perspectives on media that can be applied to increase the salience and effectiveness of substance abuse prevention programs. Well-designed and well-delivered health communications have the capacity for reaching remote audiences, changing health attitudes and behavior, shaping social norms, changing the way health issues are portrayed by the popular media, and influencing decisions about legislation and policies. Health communication approaches are generally employed within the broad context of health promotion programs, along with education, community development, empowerment, and social change approaches. This article describes the role of health communication in substance abuse prevention, reviews major conceptualizations of health communication, and introduces the unique features of the four articles included in this special section of Health Education & Behavior.

scholarly journals Narrative Health Communication and Behavior Change: The Influence of Exemplars in the News on Intention to Quit Smoking

2012 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 473-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyun Suk Kim ◽  
Cabral A. Bigman ◽  
Amy E. Leader ◽  
Caryn Lerman ◽  
Joseph N. Cappella
Keyword(s):  
Health Communication ◽  
Behavior Change ◽  
Intention To Quit ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
And Behavior

scholarly journals Self-Affirmation Before Exposure to Health Communications Promotes Intentions and Health Behavior Change by Increasing Anticipated Regret

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (8) ◽  
pp. 1027-1044 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guido M. van Koningsbruggen ◽  
Peter R. Harris ◽  
Anjès J. Smits ◽  
Benjamin Schüz ◽  
Urte Scholz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Communication ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Health Behavior Change ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Anticipated Regret ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Threatening Information ◽  
Beneficial Impact ◽  
And Behavior

Health-risk information can elicit negative emotions like anticipated regret that may positively affect health persuasion. The beneficial impact of such emotions is undermined when target audiences respond defensively to the threatening information. We tested whether self-affirming (reflecting on cherished attributes) before message exposure can be used as strategy to enhance the experience of anticipated regret. Women were self-affirmed or not before exposure to a message promoting fruit and vegetable consumption. Self-affirmation increased anticipated regret and intentions reported following message exposure and consumption in the week after the intervention; regret mediated the affirmation effect on intentions. Moreover, results suggest that anticipated regret and intentions are serial mediators linking self-affirmation and behavior. By demonstrating the mediating role of anticipated regret, we provide insights into how self-affirmation may promote healthy intentions and behavior following health message exposure. Self-affirmation techniques could thus potentially be used to increase the effectiveness of health communication efforts.

Simultaneous and Successive Emotion Experiences and Health and Risk Messaging

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Kloss ◽  
Anne Bartsch
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Health Communication ◽  
Defensive Responses ◽  
Complex Emotions ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Complex Emotion ◽  
Positive Feelings ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Attitudes And Behavior ◽  
Careful Processing

Emotions are an important part of how audiences connect with health and risk messages. Feelings such as fear, anger, joy, or empathy are not just byproducts of information processing, but they can interact with an individual’s perception and processing of the message. For example, emotions can attract attention to the message, they can motivate careful processing of the message, and they can foster changes in attitudes and behavior. Sometimes emotions can also have counterproductive effects, such as when message recipients feel pressured and react with anger, counterarguments, or defiance. Thus, emotion and cognition are closely intertwined in individuals’ responses to health messages. Recent research has begun to explore the flow and interaction of different types of emotions in health communication. In particular, positive feelings such as joy and hope have been found to counteract avoidant and defensive responses associated with negative emotions such as fear and anger. In this context, research on health communication has begun to explore complex emotions, such as a combination of fear and hope, which can highlight both the severity of the threat, and individuals’ self-efficacy in addressing it. Empathy, which is characterized by a combination of affection and sadness for the suffering of others, is another example of a complex emotion that can mitigate defensive responses, such as anger and reactance, and can encourage insight and prosocial responses.

How Homo economicus lost her mind and how we can revive her

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter DeScioli
Keyword(s):  
Economic Thought ◽  
History Of Economic Thought ◽  
Homo Economicus ◽  
Economic Theories ◽  
Target Article ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mind ◽  
And Behavior

AbstractThe target article by Boyer & Petersen (B&P) contributes a vital message: that people have folk economic theories that shape their thoughts and behavior in the marketplace. This message is all the more important because, in the history of economic thought, Homo economicus was increasingly stripped of mental capacities. Intuitive theories can help restore the mind of Homo economicus.

The parent-offspring microbiome and neurobehavioral development

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey R. Alberts ◽  
Christopher Harshaw ◽  
Gregory E. Demas ◽  
Cara L. Wellman ◽  
Ardythe L. Morrow
Keyword(s):  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Social Emotional ◽  
Behavioral Measures ◽  
Neurobehavioral Development ◽  
Emotional Function ◽  
Neurobehavioral Outcomes ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
And Behavior

Abstract We identify the significance and typical requirements of developmental analyses of the microbiome-gut-brain (MGB) in parents, offspring, and parent-offspring relations, which have particular importance for neurobehavioral outcomes in mammalian species, including humans. We call for a focus on behavioral measures of social-emotional function. Methodological approaches to interpreting relations between the microbiota and behavior are discussed.

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