Assessment of Quality of Life Following Radiotherapy in Patients With Rectum Cancer

PurposeThe aim of the present study is to investigate the effects of radiotherapy (RT) on quality of life (QoL) and influencing factors.MethodsData of 106 patients who completely filled out the three questionnaires were evaluated in this prospective study. Quality of life was evaluated with cancer-specific QLQ-C30 and colorectal cancer module QLQ-CR29 created by European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC). All statistical analyses were done with SPSS version 22 software. A p level of <0.05 was accepted as statistically significant.ResultsMedian age was 61 (27-86). Of the patients, 77 (72.6%) were male and 29 (27.4%) were female. When QLQ-C30 questionnaires were evaluated, it was observed that physical, role, cognitive and emotional function scores were impaired following RT however returned to pre-RT levels on control. According to the results of QLQ-CR29 questionnaire, after RT, impairment was observed in urination frequency, urinary incontinence, stool frequency, dysuria, fecal incontinence, embarrassment, sexual interest in males scales however they returned to pre-RT values on control. When evaluated with regard to age, financial difficulty, global health score, mucus in stool, dysuria, dyspareunia and abdominal pain were observed to be poorer in the young; urination frequency and urinary incontinence were observed to be poorer in the elderly. ConclusionAlthough both functional and symptom scales were shown to impair, most of them were detected to be temporal and patients could well tolerate radiotherapy. Additional assessment is required for evaluating the late effects of treatments on QoL.

Effect of Continuous Nursing on Pain and Quality of Life in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis

Objective: To explore the effectiveness of continuous nursing in the treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis for relieving pain and improving the quality of life of patients. Methods: A total of 80 patients with rheumatoid arthritis were treated in our department from January to August 2021. All patients were treated with continuous nursing, and their quality of life and pain related content were evaluated before admission examination, and their quality of life and pain after discharge were evaluated. Results: The pain degree of patients before continuous nursing intervention was 3.26 ± 0.12, and the pain degree score after nursing was 1.22 ± 0.23, t = 70.3344, P < 0.05. The difference is obvious and comparable; The scores of emotional function, role physical, social function, physical pain, physiological function, mental health, life vitality and overall health of patients before continuous nursing intervention were 71.33 ± 1.23, 72.12 ± 1.36, 71.56 ± 1.42, 73.25 ± 2.01, 74.36 ± 0.96, 73.12 ± 2.45, 72.98 ± 1.63 and 73.56 ± 1.26 respectively, and the scores of emotional function, role physical, social function, body pain, physiological function, mental health, life vitality and overall health were 91.66 ± 1.03, 93.23 ± 1.36, 92.69 ± 1.06, 93.69 ± 1.47, 92.98 ± 1.69, 95.36 ± 1.23, 94.01 ± 1.66 and 94.06 ± 1.69 respectively, P < 0.05. The differences are comparable. Conclusion: Through continuous nursing intervention, after rheumatoid patients are discharged from hospital, the degree of pain of patients is significantly reduced, and the quality of life is significantly improved. Patients can actively integrate into social life and maintain a good attitude.

Responsiveness and convergent validity of QLU-C10D and EQ-5D-3L in assessing short-term quality of life following esophagectomy

Aim This study assessed the responsiveness and convergent validity of two preference-based measures; the newly developed cancer-specific EORTC Quality of Life Utility Measure-Core 10 dimensions (QLU-C10D) relative to the generic three-level version of the EuroQol 5 dimensions (EQ-5D-3L) in evaluating short-term health related quality of life (HRQoL) outcomes after esophagectomy. Methods Participants were enrolled in a multicentre randomised controlled trial to determine the impact of preoperative and postoperative immunonutrition versus standard nutrition in patients with esophageal cancer. HRQoL was assessed seven days before and 42 days after esophagectomy. Standardized Response Mean and Effect Size were calculated to assess responsiveness. Ceiling effects for each dimension were calculated as the proportion of the best level responses for that dimension at follow-up/post-operatively. Convergent validity was assessed using Spearman’s correlation and the level of agreement was explored using Bland–Altman plots. Results Data from 164 respondents (mean age: 63 years, 81% male) were analysed. HRQoL significantly reduced on both measures with large effect sizes (> 0.80), and a greater mean difference (0.29 compared to 0.16) on QLU-C10D. Both measures had ceiling effects (> 15%) on all dimensions at baseline. Following esophagectomy, ceiling effects were observed with self-care (86%), mobility (67%), anxiety/depression (55%) and pain/discomfort (19%) dimensions on EQ-5D-3L. For QLU-C10D ceiling effects were observed with emotional function (53%), physical function (16%), nausea (35%), sleep (31%), bowel problems (21%) and pain (20%). A strong correlation (r = 0.71) was observed between EQ-5D-3L anxiety and QLU-C10D emotional function dimensions. Good agreement (3.7% observations outside the limits of agreement) was observed between the utility scores. Conclusion The QLU-C10D is comparable to the more widely applied generic EQ-5D-3L, however, QLU-C10D was more sensitive to short-term utility changes following esophagectomy. Cognisant of requirements by policy makers to apply generic utility measures in cost effectiveness studies, the disease-specific QLU-C10D should be used alongside the generic measures like EQ-5D-3L. Trial registration: The trial was registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry (ACTRN12611000178943) on the 15th of February 2011.

СТРУКТУРНО-СЕМАНТИЧНІ ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ТА СПЕЦИФІКА ФУНКЦІОНУВАННЯ РЕДУПЛІКАТІВ У СУЧАСНІЙ АНГЛІЙСЬКІЙ МОВІ

Purpose. The purpose of the article is to analyze the use, functions and differences in the use of reduplicates in different areas of speech. In accordance with the goal, the following tasks are set: to consider reduplication as a subject of study in linguistics; explore the classifications of reduplicates proposed by different linguists; identify the relationship between the method of formation of reduplicates and their stylistic color.Methods. The main scientific results are obtained using a set of general and special research methods, namely: analysis, generalization and systematization of scientific and educational literature on literary studies, psychology and linguistics; theoretical generalization, analysis and synthesis, as well as comparison, descriptive and analytical, as well as the method of random sampling for the selection of language material. Results. In linguistics there is no single approach to reduplication as a linguistic phenomenon. Terminology needs to be refined, a clearer approach to the criteria by which the scope of use of a term with its clear definition will be determined. Despite the differences in views on unambiguous definitions and the lack of a universal classification, reduplication is widely studied in the linguistic literature. All the studied sources note such functional features of reduplication as a means of artistic expression (aesthetic and expressive function), a means of communication that carries an emotional color (communicative and emotional function). The range of reduplication is very wide.Conclusions. Reduplication as word formation is inherent in the speech of children and adults. It is inherent in many styles of speech: conversational, artistic, journalistic, epistolary. Less distribution of reduplicates is characteristic of the scientific style. In this area, they act as terms devoid of low stylistic color, typical of use in other areas of communication. In the scientific style, such words have a neutral emotional function. We could not find examples of reduplicates in official business and confessional styles. We can assume that this fact is evidence of a specific stylistic coloring of reduplicates (contempt, sometimes familiarity, humiliation, contempt, irony and ridicule), which may not be appropriate in such areas of communication. Most words formed by reduplication refer to colloquial speech and slang. Key words: reduplication, reduplicate, word formation, speech styles, classification. Мета. Мета статті – проаналізувати застосування, функції та різницю використання редуплікатів у різних сферах мовлення. Відповідно до мети поставлено такі завдання: розглянути редуплікацію як предмет вивчення в лінгвістиці; дослідити класифікації редуплікатів, запропоновані різними лінгвістами; виявити зв’язок між способом утворення редуплікатів та їх стилістичним забарвленням.Методи. Основні наукові результати отриманні із використанням комплексу загальних та спеціальних методів дослі-дження, а саме: аналізу, узагальнення та систематизації наукової та навчальної літератури з літературознавства, психології та мовознавства; теоретичного узагальнення, аналізу та синтезу, а також порівняння, описового та аналітичного, а також мето-ду довільної вибірки для відбору мовного матеріалу.Результати. У мовознавстві не існує єдиного підходу до редуплікації як мовного явища. Термінологія потребує доопрацювання, більш чіткого підходу до критеріїв, за якими буде визначено сферу використання того чи іншого терміна з його чітким визначенням. Незважаючи на розрізненість поглядів щодо однозначного визначення та відсутність універсальної класифікації, редуплікація в лінгвістичній літературі широко досліджується. В усіх опрацьованих джерелах відзначаються такі функціональні особливості редуплікації, як засіб художньої виразності (естетична та експресивна функція), засіб спілкування, який несе емоційне забарвлення (комунікативна та емотивна функція). Діапазон використання редуплікації дуже широкий. Висновки. Редуплікація як словотворення властива мовленню дітей та дорослих, притаманна багатьом стилям мовлення: розмовному, художньому, публіцистичному, епістолярному.Менше поширення редуплікатів характерне для наукового стилю. У цій сфері вони виступають в ролі термінів, позбавле-них низького стилістичного забарвлення, характерного для використання в інших сферах спілкування. У науковому стилі такі слова мають нейтральну емоційну функцію.Нам не вдалося знайти приклади редуплікатів в офіційно-діловому та конфесійному стилях. Можемо припустити, що цей факт є свідченням специфічного стилістичного забарвлення редуплікатів (зневажливого ставлення, подекуди фамільярності, приниження, призирства, іронії та висміювання), що не може бути доречним у таких сферах спілкування.Більшість слів, утворених шляхом редуплікації, відносяться до розмовного мовлення і сленгу. Ключові слова: редуплікація, редуплікат, словотвір, стилі мовлення, класифікація.

Factors Associated With Post-Stroke Self Efficacy

One of the psychological problems experienced by stroke patients is self-efficacy. Stroke patients on average lack confidence in themselves to do exercises or activities that will have an impact on the recovery process of stroke patients. Several factors that vary related to low self-efficacy in stroke patients are one of the causes. The scoping review aims to identify factors related to self-efficacy in a post-stroke patient. The methods use a systematic review through review articles relevant to the topic from CINAHL database, MEDLINE, Academic search ultimate, science direct, and Taylor & Francis with a publication year spanning 2015 to 2020 and with the keyword “self-efficacy” and “stroke” then analyzed using a synthesis matrix. The inclusion criteria in this study were articles in English with longitudinal study design or cross-sectional study and self-efficacy as the dependent variable. The results of a review of four journals that met the inclusion criteria found factors related to self-efficacy in a post-stroke patient including depression, age, vascular history, fear, physical activity, Body Mass Index (BMI) and emotional function. The study concludes that depression, age, vascular history, fear, physical activity, Body Mass Index (BMI) and emotional function are factors related to self-efficacy in post-stroke patients. The factor most strongly associated with post-stroke patients self-efficacy is depression.

Factors Associated With Post-Stroke Self Efficacy

One of the psychological problems experienced by stroke patients is self-efficacy. Stroke patients on average lack confidence in themselves to do exercises or activities that will have an impact on the recovery process of stroke patients. Several factors that vary related to low self-efficacy in stroke patients are one of the causes. The scoping review aims to identify factors related to self-efficacy in a post-stroke patient. The methods use a systematic review through review articles relevant to the topic from CINAHL database, MEDLINE, Academic search ultimate, science direct, and Taylor & Francis with a publication year spanning 2015 to 2020 and with the keyword “self-efficacy” and “stroke” then analyzed using a synthesis matrix. The inclusion criteria in this study were articles in English with longitudinal study design or cross-sectional study and self-efficacy as the dependent variable. The results of a review of four journals that met the inclusion criteria found factors related to self-efficacy in a post-stroke patient including depression, age, vascular history, fear, physical activity, Body Mass Index (BMI) and emotional function. The study concludes that depression, age, vascular history, fear, physical activity, Body Mass Index (BMI) and emotional function are factors related to self-efficacy in post-stroke patients. The factor most strongly associated with post-stroke patients self-efficacy is depression.

A novel analytical decoder of BOLD signals for dissociating latent neurobehavioral processes

Brain, as a complex cognitive system, often processes multiple dimension information synchronously and integrate them to adapt dynamic environments and make effective decisions.1-3 How to retrieve latent neurobehavioral processes from complex human neurobiological signals is an important yet previously unresolved challenge.4,5 For instance, the previous literature has proposed two fundamental yet mutually confounded processes during the decision making and affective processing, i.e. valance and arousal.6,7 Here, we develop a novel analytical approach, orthogonal-Decoding multi-Cognitive Processes (DeCoP), with which we dissociate neural responses in processing valence and arousal information during tests of motivational and emotional function. During reward/punishment anticipation, we decode brain-wide responses into spatially overlapping, yet functionally independent, evaluation and readiness networks, i.e., motivational valence and arousal processing, which are modulated differentially by the meso-limbic vs nigro-striatal dopamine systems. Similarly, during emotional reactivity, we decompose amygdala response into independent emotional valence and facial arousal processing features. We demonstrate that DeCoP can resolve paradoxically unexpected brain 'inactivation', and be applied more generally to decode multiple latent neurobehavioral processes. Furthermore, we anticipate our approach to advance both the design and hypothesis testing of cognitive experimental task paradigms.

Figurative Comparison in Tedo Razikashvili's Works

The article discusses the figurative comparison in Tedo Razikashvili's prose language, as one of the defining factors of style and one of the best means of revealing the outside world, which, naturally, determines the aesthetic and emotional function of the text.Tedo Razikashvili's stories are characterized by the diversity figurative comparisons. comparisons., in his works, the author mostly compares animate and inanimate things, humans and animals.In Tedo Razikashvili's stories, comparative constructions are made with the following grammatical connections: as if, as though and with separate adverbs and words: -ვით {-vit} as; -ებრ {-ebr} like/as, -თანა {-tana} like/as , -ტოლა {-tola} like, ktseuli {-ქცეული} and others. Sometimes in comparative constructions there are not used any connectives and that gives those constructions an emotional coloring. Figurative comparison in terms of expression is very interesting; the reader feels the writer's message vividly, clearly imagines the picture or scene that the writer tries to describe.We believe that figurative comparison is one of the defining factors in Tedo Razikashvili's prose language and writing style. It gives his language more emotion, and more expressiveness.Thus, it should be mentioned that the comparison is considered as one of the stylistic features in Tedo Razikashvili's prose language, that makes our thinking emotional, and makes his fictions unique with its individual style.It is obvious that through comparative constructions, Tedo Razikashvili uses various possibilities of language, and consequently makes his own style distinctive and unique.

Characteristic Quality of Life Children with Rheumatic Heart Disease

Background: Rheumatic heart disease is an acquired disease that has characterized damaged valve and it effects the quality of life in children. Aim: To asses quality of life in patient with rheumatic heart disease by using Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) instrument at pediatric cardiologist. Methods: A descriptive study with cross sectional study conduct among children aged 5 to 18 years old attend the Pediatric Cardiology at Haji Adam Malik Hospital Medan, from 2016 to 2018. Result: A hundred children with rheumatic heart disease in this study who had affected quality of life-based on group age with 5 to 7 year old in physical function was 6 subjects (85.7%), social function was 1 subject (14.2%), and school function was 2 subjects (28.5%) (Table 3); group age with 8 to 12 year old in physical function was 100 subjects (100%), emotional function was 3 subjects (3%), social function was 1 subject (3%), and school function was 5 subjects (15.1%); group aged 13 to 18 year old in physical function was 60 subjects (100%), emotional function was 1 subject (16.7%), and school function was 51 subjects (85%). Conclusion: From 100 children with RHD dominant in group aged 13-18 years old and male, mal malnutrition status, using of erythromycin, high senior school of level parents’ education, and valve disorder was mitral regurgitation. The quality of life was affected in all age groups, especially in the domain of physical function, and school functions with RHD.