scholarly journals Do Natural Disasters Stimulate Individual Saving? Evidence from a Natural Experiment in a Highly Developed Country

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Berlemann ◽  
Max Friedrich Steinhardt ◽  
Jascha Tutt
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Natural Experiment ◽  
Developed Country

A Pound of Flesh

2015 ◽  
pp. 631-649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florencia Torche ◽  
Dalton Conley
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Natural Experiment ◽  
Educational Achievement ◽  
Neonatal Health ◽  
Outcome Predictor ◽  
Family Resources ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Moderating Factors ◽  
Fetal Nutrition

Birthweight is increasingly being used by economists and other social scientists to measure health endowment at birth. Research in this tradition has evolved from regression analysis to twin difference models to natural experiment approaches that use such events as natural disasters to capture the effects of fetal nutrition and stress on this measure of neonatal health. Furthermore, causal inference approaches have been used to show that birthweight affects health, cognitive and noncognitive development, and educational achievement and attainment, as well as adult wages. An important recent line of literature investigates the heterogeneous impact of birthweight within and between families, examining such moderating factors as family resources, parental investment, and even genotype. This chapter discusses various methods (and their limitations) to incorporating birthweight into economic models as an outcome predictor or moderator.

An international comparative analysis of local hazard mitigation plan evaluation for flood

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 406-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hwayoung Kim ◽  
Ryuji Kakimoto
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Developing Country ◽  
Disaster Response ◽  
Hazard Mitigation ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Developed Country ◽  
Content Type ◽  
State And Local ◽  
International Comparative

Purpose This research aims to identify the qualitative differences between local hazard mitigation plan (LHMP) of the developing country when compared to those of developed countries. It also seeks to demonstrate the relative importance of public private partnership and the need for PPs to be integrated into LHMP because they help to create strong LHMP, thereby making communities will become more resilient to not only floods but also other natural disasters. It focuses on the components of hazard mitigation from a developed country perspective and how these influence the contents/focus of the LHMP especially when compared to those of a developing country. Design/methodology/approach Based on official information such as population, climate and major threat that has faced, research sites were selected. Each LHMP can be downloaded from the official city websites, except Korea. Through plan evacuation protocols the LHMP for each city – USA (Baltimore), Japan (Kumamoto) and Korea (Pohang) – were assessed three times by the research team. Plans were evaluated using a plan coding evacuation process. Findings The LHMP of the developing country did not contain maps illustrating to the people who are exposed to flood and evacuation routes and who are vulnerable (both economically and physically), when compared with the developed countries plan. However, quicker response because of simple political hierarchy can be possible in Japan and Korea when compared to the USA, which has three different tiers of political governments – federal, State and Local government – though Korea is a developing country. Originality/value In recent times, pre-disaster response, which is a proactive approach to natural disasters, is an emerging issue rather than post disaster response because of sustainable and resilient ideas of the locals that have repeatedly suffered from natural hazards. This study compares LHMPs of each country to better understand strengths and weakness, as well as to identify strategies that will enhance the quality of mitigation plan for the developed country and developing country. It is hoped that this study will inform and augment existing literature by assisting underdeveloped and developing countries suffering from floods with the preparation of their LHMPs based on the suggestion of this research.

Natural disaster and political trust: A natural experiment study of the impact of the Wenchuan earthquake

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 140-165
Author(s):  
Yu You ◽  
Yifan Huang ◽  
Yuyi Zhuang
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Wenchuan Earthquake ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
Natural Experiment ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Political Legitimacy ◽  
Political Trust ◽  
Causal Mechanism ◽  
The Wenchuan Earthquake ◽  
The Impact

How do natural disasters impact political trust in contemporary China and what is the causal mechanism? Existing literature indicates that the severity of disaster, government relief effort and information dissemination are three key factors influencing people’s political trust in the context of acute natural disasters. This study uses the Wenchuan earthquake as a natural experiment and focuses specifically on the survey data collected right before and after the earthquake. It finds that primarily due to the ‘rally round the flag’ effect and extensive media coverage, public trust in government officials at all levels rose significantly after the earthquake. During the crisis, state-run media played a vital intermediate role. The more a citizen was exposed to the official media coverage, the more likely his/her political trust was to increase. However, the division of work in disaster relief among different levels of government resulted in differences in the level of increase in trust. As local-level governments are often directly responsible for the rescue and post-earthquake relief, they gained the highest increase in political trust, while state-level officials gained the least. The short-run upsurge in political trust receded as time went by. Government mobilization and media coverage are core contributing factors to the increase in political trust during the post-disaster period. Nevertheless, the key to consolidating political legitimacy lies in long-term efforts to build good and effective governance.

scholarly journals HOUSEHOLD EXPENDITURE IN RESPONSE TO NATURAL DISASTERS

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eny Sulistyaningrum
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Natural Experiment ◽  
Household Expenditure ◽  
Difference Model ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Indonesian Population ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Causal Variable

Natural disasters have increased in their frequency, and the intensity of their destruction over the last ten years in Indonesia. Households usually respond to these difficulties by cutting their consump-tion, especially for non-essential goods. Arguably natural disasters are exogenous events, so this paper uses the exogenous variation from natural disasters as a natural experiment design to estimate the effect of disasters on household expenditure. When a certain group is exposed to the causal variable of interest, such as a disaster, and other groups are not, the Difference In Difference model (DID) can be used for estimation. Using a micro level survey data set from the Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) which covers approximately 83 percent of the Indonesian population within the survey area, this paper examines the effects of natural disasters on household expenditure. This paper also examines whether there are any different impacts from different types of disasters. The finding is there are no significant effects of disasters on total household expenditure for households living in disaster regions, whether they are affected directly or not by the disaster.Keywords: natural disasters, household expenditure, DID, natural experiment

Research work undertaken in the Computational and Structural Mechanics Lab (Isobe Lab)

Impact ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (3) ◽  
pp. 51-53
Author(s):  
Daigoro Isobe
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Structural Mechanics ◽  
Developed Country ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Engineering Information ◽  
The University ◽  
Multiple Scenarios

We all use buildings every day. They are our homes, places of work and sources of entertainment. Naturally, therefore, maintaining the safety of a building is paramount. When buildings fail, people can die. Thankfully, most buildings do not encounter situations that put significant stress on their integrity. Stressors, when they do come, are unexpected and difficult to react to. Countries that are more prone to natural disasters are likely to be those most effected by sudden stress on buildings. Japan is a prime example of a highly developed country that is regularly exposed to natural disasters such as earthquakes, tsunamis and typhoons. These disasters can provide all sorts of pressures to a building – shaking, mass water flow, wind and large debris can all pose problems. However, little research has been conducted that might help enlighten when buildings collapse in these different situations and, thereby, how to build buildings that better resist these pressures. The problem with investigating how a building might respond to certain pressures lies in how quickly the number of factors involved increases. This means that there are extremely complex calculations with multiple scenarios needing examination. Professor Daigoro Isobe of the Faculty of Engineering, Information and Systems at the University of Tsukuba is working to tackle these problems. He and his team have many interrelated projects that revolve around building integrity in different situations.

When Mother Earth Rises Up

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 271-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simona Sacchi ◽  
Paolo Riva ◽  
Marco Brambilla
Keyword(s):  
Free Will ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Natural Disaster ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Disaster Victims ◽  
Willingness To Help ◽  
Mother Earth

Anthropomorphization is the tendency to ascribe humanlike features and mental states, such as free will and consciousness, to nonhuman beings or inanimate agents. Two studies investigated the consequences of the anthropomorphization of nature on people’s willingness to help victims of natural disasters. Study 1 (N = 96) showed that the humanization of nature correlated negatively with willingness to help natural disaster victims. Study 2 (N = 52) tested for causality, showing that the anthropomorphization of nature reduced participants’ intentions to help the victims. Overall, our findings suggest that humanizing nature undermines the tendency to support victims of natural disasters.

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