The Impact of Immigration on Swiss Wages: A Fixed Effects Two Stage Least Squares Analysis

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenz Kueng
Keyword(s):  
Least Squares ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Two Stage Least Squares ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Dampak Faktor Eksternal terhadap Kesejahteraan Rumah Tangga Petani Tebu Keprasan di Jawa Tengah

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 127
Author(s):  
Fadilla Ristya Aminda ◽  
Bonar Marulitua Sinaga ◽  
Anna Fariyanti
Keyword(s):  
Least Squares ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Structural Equations ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Income Source ◽  
Sugar Price ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Two Stage Least Squares ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

<strong>English</strong><br />Central Java Province is one of sugarcane producing centers in Indonesia and Pati is one of sugarcane producing regencies in the province. A total of 5,905 households in Pati regency conduct sugarcane farming as their primary income source. However, sugarcane farmers deal withlimited capital to adopt productivity improving technologies. This study aimed to analyze factors influencing economic decisions of sugarcane farmers in allocating working hours, production, and household’s expenditure, as well as to analyze the impact of changes in input prices, output price, credit, and sugar level on sugarcane farmer household’s welfare in Central Java. Simultaneous equation models consisting of 21 structural equations and 22 identity equations were estimated using Two-Stage Least Squares (2SLS) method. The results showed that an increase in credit, sugar price, and sugar level could compensate increases in fertilizer price and labor wage and had positive impact on farmers’ welfare. Increases in fertilizer price and labor wage could be compensated through credit, sugar price, and sugar level enhancement. It is necessary that the Government increases sugar price and ensures farmers’ access to credit. It aims to encourage farmers to adopt technology through replanting (ratoon replacement) to improve sugarcane productivity and farmers’ welfare.<br /><br /><br /><strong>Indonesian</strong><br />Jawa Tengah merupakan salah satu sentra produksi tebu di Indonesia. Salah satu kabupaten sentra produksi tebu di Jawa Tengah adalah Pati. Sebanyak 5.905 rumah tangga petani tebu di Kabupaten Pati memiliki usaha tani tebu sebagai sumber pendapatan utama. Rumah tangga petani tebu dihadapkan pada masalah keterbatasan modal sehingga kemampuan adopsi teknologi rendah dan budi daya tidak optimal. Kondisi ini berdampak pada rendahnya produktivitas dan pendapatan rumah tangga. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi keputusan ekonomi rumah tangga petani tebu dalam alokasi curahan kerja, produksi, dan pengeluaran rumah tangga, serta dampak perubahan harga input, harga ouptut, kredit, dan rendemen terhadap kesejahteraan rumah tangga petani tebu. Penelitian menggunakan data cross section dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 56 rumah tangga petani tebu. Model ekonomi rumah tangga petani dibangun sebagai sistem persamaan simultan yang terdiri dari 21 persamaan struktural dan 22 persamaan identitas, lalu diestimasi menggunakan metode Two Stage Least Squares (2SLS). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kebijakan peningkatan harga gula, jumlah kredit, dan rendemen gula berdampak positif terhadap kesejahteraan rumah tangga petani. Peningkatan harga pupuk dan upah tenaga kerja luar keluarga mampu dikompensasi dengan peningkatan jumlah kredit, harga gula, dan rendemen gula. Pemerintah sebaiknya meningkatkan harga patokan petani dan juga memperbesar jumlah kredit yang dapat diakses petani untuk mendorong adopsi teknologi dengan melakukan peremajaan tanaman (bongkar ratoon) yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan produktivitas dan kesejahteraan rumah tangga.

scholarly journals The relationship between micronutrient intake and labour productivity: Evidence from rice-farming households in Thailand

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pattanapong Tiwasing ◽  
Philip Dawson ◽  
Guy Garrod
Keyword(s):  
Least Squares ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Calorie Intake ◽  
Rice Farming ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Micronutrient Intake ◽  
Two Stage Least Squares ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Farming Households

Unreliable access to a sufficient quantity of nutritious food is a major cause of undernourishment and malnutrition and may lead to reduced worker capacity and low productivity in developing countries. This study examines the impact of micronutrient intake on the labour productivity of rice-producing households in Thailand in 2011. A semi-log wage equation and Cobb–Douglas production function are estimated using two-stage least squares and non-linear two-stage least squares methods, respectively. The results show that higher intakes of calcium, vitamin A and iron increase household earnings and farm output. However, calorie intake only contributes to a higher farm output. Enhancing micronutrient consumption is an investment for improving productivity.

scholarly journals Stein-like estimators for causal mediation analysis in randomized trials

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 1129-1148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cedric E Ginestet ◽  
Richard Emsley ◽  
Sabine Landau
Keyword(s):  
Least Squares ◽  
Mediation Analysis ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Least Squares Estimator ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Causal Mediation ◽  
Causal Mediation Analysis ◽  
Two Stage Least Squares ◽  
The Impact

Causal mediation analysis aims to estimate natural direct and natural indirect effects under clearly specified assumptions. Traditional mediation analysis based on Ordinary Least Squares assumes an absence of unmeasured causes to the putative mediator and outcome. When these assumptions cannot be justified, instrumental variable estimators can be used in order to produce an asymptotically unbiased estimator of the mediator-outcome link, commonly referred to as a Two-Stage Least Squares estimator. Such bias removal, however, comes at the cost of variance inflation. A Semi-Parametric Stein-Like estimator has been proposed in the literature that strikes a natural trade-off between the unbiasedness of the Two-Stage Least Squares procedure and the relatively small variance of the Ordinary Least Squares estimator. The Semi-Parametric Stein-Like estimator has the advantage of allowing for a direct estimation of its shrinkage parameter. In this paper, we demonstrate how this Stein-like estimator can be implemented in the context of the estimation of natural direct and natural indirect effects of treatments in randomized controlled trials. The performance of the competing methods is studied in a simulation study, in which both the strength of hidden confounding and the strength of the instruments are independently varied. These considerations are motivated by a trial in mental health, evaluating the impact of a primary care-based intervention to reduce depression in the elderly.

scholarly journals Model Persamaan Simultan pada Analisis Hubungan Kemiskian dan PDRB

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 810
Author(s):  
Rokhana Dwi Bekti ◽  
David David ◽  
Gita N ◽  
Priscillia Priscillia ◽  
Serlyana Serlyana
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Least Squares Estimation ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Two Stage Least Squares ◽  
Regional Product ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Simultaneous Model

Simultaneous model is a model for some equation which have simultaneous relationships. It was often found in econometrics, such as the relationship between Gross Domestic Regional Product (GDRP) and poverty. GDP is a common indicator that can be used to determine the economic growth occurred in region. Meanwhile, poverty is one of the indicators to measure the society welfare. Information about these relathionships were important to perform the relathionsips between GDP and poverty. So this research conducted an analysis to obtain simultaneous models between GDRP and poverty. Estimation of the parameters used is Two-Stage Least Squares Estimation (2SLS). The data used are 33 provinces in Indonesia at 2010. By α = 5%, it was conclude that variable which significant effect on GDRP is poverty, export, and import. Meanwhile, the variables that significantly affect poverty are population. The simultaneous model (α = 5%) also conclude that there is no simultaneous relationship between GDRP and poverty. However, with α = 25%, there is a simultaneous relationship between GDRP and poverty.

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