scholarly journals Standards, Tariffs and Trade: The Rise and Fall of the Raisin Trade between Greece and France in the Late 19th Century and the Definition of Wine

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulia Meloni ◽  
Johan F. M. Swinnen
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
Definition Of

scholarly journals Inhabiting Relingos: Horizontal Harlem, Told Vertically

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Huxley
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Critical Approach ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
Rich Variety ◽  
Academic Scholarship ◽  
Cultural Renaissance ◽  
American Author ◽  
Definition Of

 From the period of its development during the late 19th century, Harlem has experienced rapid growth, both spatially and aesthetically. A rich variety of literature has emerged, and continues to emerge, from its diverse and multicultural scene, prompting a new critical approach in academic scholarship. This thesis explores the transnational impact of Harlem, from the emergence of its cultural renaissance to its contemporary aesthetic presence. Specifically, it will consider the recently published work of Latin-American author Valeria Luiselli, discussing the transnational dimensions of her novel, and the re-definition of Harlem as a space without aesthetic or spatial boundaries.

scholarly journals The Development of Sports: A Comparative Analysis of the Early Institutionalization of Traditional Sports and E-Sports

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rory Summerley
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Traditional Sports ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Definition Of

This article takes the definition of a sport as “an institutionalized game” under which both “traditional sports” and “E-sports” fall. It takes a comparative analytical approach that examines the historical documentation and cultural output of these two major categories of sports and their early institutionalization. Given the increasing interest in, engagement with and spectator numbers of E-sports, it is worth considering the key similarities and differences between various institutions. This article examines traditional sports institutions from the mid-19th to late 19th century alongside E-sports institutions that emerged from the mid-1990s to the present day. Firstly, the processes of institutionalization are analyzed with these examples in mind and, secondly, are compared to draw out the significant differences and similarities between the factors affecting early institutionalization.

scholarly journals The Epistemological Question of the Applicability of Mathematics

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Cantù
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Analytic Philosophy ◽  
Real Numbers ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
Contemporary Debate ◽  
Indispensability Arguments ◽  
Applicability Of Mathematics ◽  
Historical Investigation ◽  
Epistemological Issue ◽  
Definition Of

The question of the applicability of mathematics is an epistemological issue that was explicitly raised by Kant, and which has played different roles in the works of neo-Kantian philosophers, before becoming an essential issue in early analytic philosophy. This paper will first distinguish three main issues that are related to the application of mathematics: (1) indispensability arguments that are aimed at justifying mathematics itself; (2) philosophical justifications of the successful application of mathematics to scientific theories; and (3) discussions on the application of real numbers to the measurement of physical magnitudes. A refinement of this tripartition is suggested and supported by a historical investigation of the differences between Kant’s position on the problem, several neo-Kantian perspectives (Helmholtz and Cassirer in particular, but also Otto Hölder), early analytic philosophy (Frege), and late 19th century mathematicians (Grassmann, Dedekind, Hankel, and Bettazzi). Finally, the debate on the cogency of an application constraint in the definition of real numbers is discussed in relation to a contemporary debate in neo-logicism (Hale, Wright and some criticism by Batitksy), in order to suggest a comparison not only with Frege’s original positions, but also with the ideas of several neo-Kantian scholars, including Hölder, Cassirer, and Helmholtz.

scholarly journals What is neoclassical economics? The three axioms responsible for its theoretical oeuvre, practical irrelevance and, thus, discursive power

2006 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Arnsperger ◽  
Yanis Varoufakis
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Economic Models ◽  
Neoclassical Economic ◽  
Neoclassical Economics ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
The Social ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Discursive Power ◽  
Theoretical Foundations

This paper offers a precise definition of neoclassical economics based on three axioms which lie at the latter's foundations. This definition is all inclusive in that it applies as much to the neoclassical economic models of the late 19th century as it does to today's more flexible and 'inclusive' models. The paper argues that these axioms, simultaneously, (a) provide the foundation for neoclassicism?s discursive success within the social sciences and (b) are the deep cause of its theoretical failure. Moreover, (a) and (b) reinforce one another as neoclassicism's discursive power (which is largely due to the hidden nature of its three foundational axioms) makes it even less likely that it will conduct an open, pluralist debate on its theoretical foundations (i.e. the three axioms which underpin it).

Is Dante a pilgrim? Pilgrimage, material culture, and modern Dante criticism

2021 ◽  
pp. 001458582110215
Author(s):  
Corey Flack
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Virtual World ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
Vita Nuova ◽  
Letteratura Italiana ◽  
Nuanced Understanding ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Voice ◽  
Physical Displacement

The phrase “Dante the pilgrim” has become commonplace within scholarship on the Commedia as a way to refer to the character within the text who travels the Christian afterlife, as distinct from “Dante the poet,” the voice which narrates the poem. Yet, despite such prevalence, the validity of the term “pilgrim” goes rather unquestioned by scholars. This study aims to challenge the label through Dante’s own definition of a peregrino in the Vita nuova as “chiunque è fuori de la sua patria” (XL.6), a definition that shows a more nuanced understanding of the term than modern scholarship acknowledges. Instead, by tracing out the legacy of the term “Dante the pilgrim” as emerging from late 19th-century criticism such as Francesco de Sanctis’s Storia della letteratura italiana, this article will show that the typical understanding of pilgrim ignores a central dimension of Dante’s own definition: a sense of physical displacement. For Dante, pilgrimage becomes constitutive of the virtual world in the poem, drawing off of material practices of travel to inform the physical experiences of the protagonist. This literal level, signified by an embodied protagonist in similar ways as pilgrims to holy sites interacted with those places, is fundamental for interpreting the larger theological truths Dante conveys, even in minute details such as kicking rocks in Inferno 12.

Kontrast und Wissen

2009 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-102
Author(s):  
Robin Rehm
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Edmund Husserl ◽  
Specific Knowledge ◽  
Max Scheler ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Black Circle ◽  
Black Cross ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
And Function ◽  
The 19Th Century

Kasimir Malewitschs suprematistische Hauptwerke ›Schwarzes Quadrat‹, ›Schwarzer Kreis‹ und ›Schwarzes Kreuz‹ von 1915 setzen sich aus schwarzen Formen auf weißem Grund zusammen. Der Typus des Schwarzweißbildes weist überraschende Parallelen zu den bildlichen Wahrnehmungsinstrumenten auf, die vom ausgehenden 18. bis Anfang des 20. Jahrhunderts in den Experimenten der Farbenlehre, physiologischen Optik und Psychologie verwendet worden sind. Die vorliegende Studie untersucht diese Parallelen in drei Schritten: Zunächst erfolgt eine allgemeine Charakterisierung des Schwarzweißbildes mit Hilfe des Kontrastbegriffs von Edmund Husserl. Des weiteren wird die Entstehung und Funktion des schwarzweißen Kontrastbildes in den Wissenschaften des 19. Jahrhunderts typologisch herausgearbeitet. Unter Berücksichtigung des Wissensbegriffs von Max Scheler wird abschließend die Spezifik des Wissens eruiert, das die Schwarzweißbilder sowohl in der Malerei Malewitschs als auch in den genannten Wissenschaften generieren. Malevich’s main Suprematist works, such as ›Black Square‹, ›Black Circle‹, and ›Black Cross‹ from 1915, consist of black shapes on white ground. Surprisingly this series of shapes strongly resembles scientific black-and-white images used for research on colour theory, physiological optics, and psychology throughout the 19th century. This paper examines the parallels between Malevich’s paintings and the scientific drawings in three steps: It first characterizes black-and-white images in general, using Edmund Husserl’s definition of the term ›contrast‹. Secondly, the paper investigates the development and function of black-and-white images as tools of perception in the sciences. It finally discusses the specific knowledge generated through Malevich’s art and through scientific black-and-white images, following Max Scheler’s phenomenological identification of knowledge.

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