Slow Release Naltrexone Implant vs Oral Naltrexone for Improving Treatment Outcomes in Opioid Addicted Participants with HIV: A Randomised Trial

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Woody ◽  
E. Krupitsky ◽  
E. Blokhina ◽  
E. Zvartau ◽  
E. Verbitskaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Slow Release ◽  
Randomised Trial ◽  
Oral Naltrexone

scholarly journals Locally Applied Slow-Release of Minocycline Microspheres in the Treatment of Peri-Implant Mucositis: An Experimental In Vivo Study

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung-Wook Yoon ◽  
Myong-Ji Kim ◽  
Kyeong-Won Paeng ◽  
Kyeong Ae Yu ◽  
Chong-Kil Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Slow Release ◽  
Cell Marker ◽  
Beagle Dogs ◽  
Bacteriostatic Effect ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Edentulous Mandible ◽  
To Receive ◽  
All Treatment

Background: The objective of this is preclinical investigation was to evaluate the differential drug sustainability and pharmacodynamic properties of two local minocycline microsphere carriers: chitosan-coated alginate (CA) and poly(meth)acrylate-glycerin (PG). Methods: Four dental implants were placed unilaterally in the edentulous mandible of six beagle dogs. Each implant was randomly assigned to receive one of the following four treatments: (i) CA (CA-based minocycline), (ii) placebo (CA substrate without minocycline), (iii) PG (PG-based minocycline) and (iv) control (mechanical debridement only). After inducing peri-implant mucositis, the randomly assigned treatments were administered into the gingival sulcus twice at a 4-week interval using a plastic-tipped syringe. Drug sustainability and pharmacodynamic (clinical, radiographical and cell marker intensity) evaluations were performed after each administration. Results: The CA microspheres remained longer around the healing abutment compared to the PG microspheres at both administrations and a longer bacteriostatic effect was observed from CA (7.0 ± 5.7 days) compared to PG (1.2 ± 2.6 days). The efficacy of the applied therapies based on clinical, radiographical and histological analyses were comparable across all treatment groups. Conclusions: CA microspheres showed longer carrier and bacteriostatic effect sustainability when compared to PG microspheres, however, longer drug sustainability did not lead to improved treatment outcomes.

scholarly journals Effects of opioid receptor stimulation and blockade on touch pleasantness: a double-blind randomised trial

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guro Løseth ◽  
Marie Eikemo ◽  
Siri Leknes
Keyword(s):  
Opioid Receptor ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Randomised Trial ◽  
Oral Morphine ◽  
Trial Duration ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Oral Naltrexone ◽  
Μ Opioid Receptor ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Per Oral

The μ-opioid receptor (MOR) system has long been thought to underpin the rewarding properties of pleasant touch. Numerous non-human animal studies implicate MORs in social behaviours involving touch, but little is currently known about MOR involvement in human touch reward. Here, we employed a bi-directional pharmacological double-blind crossover design to assess the role of the human MOR system for touch pleasantness and motivation. Forty-nine male volunteers received 10 mg per-oral morphine, 50 mg per-oral naltrexone and placebo before being brushed on their forearm at three different velocities (0.3, 3 and 30 cm/s). In a touch liking task, pleasantness ratings were recorded after each 15 s brushing trial. In a touch wanting task, participants actively manipulated trial duration through key presses. As expected, 3 cm/s was the preferred velocity, producing significantly higher pleasantness ratings and wanting scores than the other stimuli. Contrary to our hypothesis, MOR drug manipulations did not significantly affect either touch pleasantness or wanting. The null effects were supported by post hoc Bayesian analyses indicating that the models with no drug effect were more than 25 times more likely than the alternative models given the data. We conclude that μ-opioid signalling is unlikely to underpin non-affiliative touch reward in humans.

scholarly journals Exploring genetic predictors of naltrexone treatment response in opioid use disorder

2019 ◽  
pp. 61-64
Author(s):  
Е. A. Blokhina . ◽  
E. М. Krupitsky ◽  
А. O. Kibitov ◽  
V. Ya. Palatkin ◽  
T. S. Yaroslavtseva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Opioid Receptor ◽  
Treatment Program ◽  
Opioid Dependence ◽  
Kappa Opioid Receptor ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Oral Naltrexone ◽  
Naltrexone Treatment

Purpose: The present study was aimed to evaluate the effect of the opioid receptors genes and dopamine system genes polymorphisms on the treatment outcomes of opioid dependence with implantable and oral naltrexone in randomized double blinded double dummy placebo controlled clinical trial. Methods: 306 patients with opioid dependence were randomized in 3 treatment groups (102 ss in each). The first group received implantation of 1000 mg naltrexone every 2 months during the 6 months period + oral naltrexone placebo; the second group — placebo implant every 2 months + oral naltrexone (50mg/day), and the third group — placebo implant + oral naltrexone placebo. All enrolled participants provided blood sample at baseline for genetic analysis of polymorphisms in following genes: mu-opioid receptor (OPRM1), kappa-opioid receptor (OPRK1), catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT), dopamine receptors types 2 (DRD2) and 4 (DRD4), dopamine-beta-hydroxylase, and dopamine transporter (DAT1). Results: Regardless of provided treatment several polymorphisms of tested genes were associated with high risk of relapse: allele L (2R) DRD4 120bp (p=0.05; OR(95% CI)=3.3(1.1-10.1) ); allele С DRD2 NcoI (р=0,051 OR(95% CI) = 2,86 (1,09 — 7,52); genotype 9.9 DAT VNTR40bp (р=0,04; RR(95% CI) = 1,4(1,3 — 1,5)); on the contrary variants of polymorphisms (СС+СТ)-(ТТ)) of genes (OPRK1- DRD2Ncol) increased the chance to complete the treatment program (р=0,004; OR(95% CI) = 7.4 (1.8 — 30.4)), Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, р=0,016). The probability of completing treatment program by carriers of all these above mentioned variants of polymorphisms (OPRK1DRD2Ncol) was higher for oral naltrexone group (p=0.016), lower for double placebo group (p=0.015), but did not influence treatment outcomes in naltrexone-implant group. Conclusion: Naltrexone-implant is an effective medication for treatment of opioid dependence and its effectiveness exceeds oral naltrexone and placebo. The study showed joint influence of opioid receptor genes and genes of dopaminergic system on the treatment outcomes of opioid dependence. Genetic analysis is useful for determining potential responders to naltrexone treatment of opioid dependence.

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