Acute Lower Respiratory Infections Among Indigenous Children in the Northern Territory of Australia: A Decade of Observation Spanning Three Generations of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine

ABSTRACTThis study was conducted to determine the serotype distribution and trends over time ofStreptococcus pneumoniaestrains associated with noninvasive infections among adult patients ≥18 years of age in the United States (2009 to 2012). A total of 2,927S. pneumoniaeisolates recovered from patients presenting with respiratory infections and obtained mainly (87.0%) from lower respiratory tract specimens (sputum) were included. The levels of the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) serotypes remained stable over the 4-year study period (4.6% to 5.5%;P= 0.953). Overall, 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) serotypes were identified in 32.7% of samples, declining from 33.7% to 35.5% in 2009 to 2011 to 28.2% in 2012 (P= 0.007), with a significant decrease in the levels of serotypes 7F (P= 0.013) and 6A (P= 0.010). The levels of 19A remained constant (15.8% to 17.1%) during 2009 to 2011, dropping to 12.2% in 2012 (P= 0.089). The prevalence of serotypes associated with the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23), but not PCV13, remained generally stable; however, the prevalence of serotypes 15B and 15C (15B/15C) increased from 2.7% to 6.3% (P= 0.010). The proportion of nonvaccine serotypes increased gradually during the study period (P= 0.044), particularly for serotype 35B (from 3.6% in 2009 to 8.2% in 2012;P= 0.001). Nonsusceptibility rates for penicillin (susceptible breakpoint, ≤2 μg/ml) and clindamycin against PCV7 serotypes decreased over the period. These results suggest the emergence of indirect effects following introduction of PCV13 for infants and young children; continued surveillance is needed to assess the burden of PCV13 serotypes in the adult population after the implementation of age-based recommendations in the United States.

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Impaired response to 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) in children with recurrent respiratory infections and chronic cough

10.1183/13993003.congress-2021.pa3150 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Moataz Elashmawy ◽

James Baker ◽

Theofilos Polychronakis

Keyword(s):

Conjugate Vaccine ◽

Chronic Cough ◽

Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽

Respiratory Infections ◽

Recurrent Respiratory Infections

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Decrease in Hospitalizations for Pneumonia in Children under Five Years of Age in an Indian Reservation in Panama after the Introduction of the Heptavalent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV7)

International Journal of Pediatrics ◽

10.1155/2013/514578 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-3 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Javier Nieto Guevara ◽

Carlos Daza ◽

Rebecca Smith

Keyword(s):

Conjugate Vaccine ◽

Burden Of Disease ◽

Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽

Indian Reservation ◽

Children Under Five ◽

Under Five ◽

Indigenous Children ◽

Heptavalent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽

The Impact

This study quantifies the impact of Heptavalent-Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV7) in Panama on indigenous children younger than 5 years old, based on clinical pneumonia cases. This study demonstrates a significant 41.2% reduction in hospitalizations and 38.6% reduction in referrals for pneumonia following the introduction of PCV7. Burden of disease from pneumonia appears reduced in the ≤12-month- and 13-to-24-month-old groups.

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Experience of Vaccination of a Patient with Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (sJIA) with a 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine, prior to the Appointment of Therapy with Tocilizumab, an Anti-IL-6-Receptor Monoclonal Antibody

Вопросы современной педиатрии ◽

10.15690/vsp.v17i4.1926 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 17 (4) ◽

pp. 322-327 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Daria D. Vankova ◽

Ekaterina I. Alekseeva ◽

Margarita А. Soloshenko ◽

Tatiana М. Dvoriakovskaia ◽

Ksenia B. Isaeva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis ◽

Conjugate Vaccine ◽

Rheumatic Diseases ◽

Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽

Respiratory Infections ◽

Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis ◽

Genetically Engineered ◽

Antibacterial Drugs ◽

Systemic Jia ◽

First Choice

Background. Infections are the main cause of death for patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases. In adult patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), mortality caused by respiratory infections is 2–5 times higher than in the population. One of the frequent infectious complications in the course of treatment with tocilizumab, the first-choice drug for treating systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA), is pneumonia characterized by a poor clinical picture, normal values of laboratory indices of the disease activity (ESR, C-reactive protein) with pronounced changes in the lungs revealed by computed tomography. In case of acute respiratory infection in children with systemic JIA, immunosuppressants and genetically engineered biological preparations (GEBP) are discontinued. This often leads to an exacerbation of the underlying disease and the progression of a pathological process. At present, vaccination against pneumococcal infection in Russia is not included in the standard for managing patients with rheumatic diseases. Studies of the safety and efficacy of vaccination with 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) in patients with sJIA receiving genetically engineered biological preparations were not conducted. Clinical Case Description. The article shares the experience of vaccination of a girl aged 9 years with a 13-valent PCV that was conducted in the course of a scientific investigation, which studied the efficacy and safety of vaccination of children with systemic JIA prior to prescription of GEBP tocilizumab. Vaccination did not cause a deterioration in the course of the main disease (1 month), led to a reduction in the incidence of acute respiratory infections (from 4 to 1 time within 6 months before and after vaccination), and discontinuation of antibacterial drugs within 6 months after vaccination. Conclusion. The safety of a 13-valent PCV in a child with sJIA and a decrease of the incidence of respiratory diseases after vaccination, their complications, and the use of antibacterial drugs have been shown.

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Efficacy of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in healthcare workers

Terapevticheskii arkhiv ◽

10.26442/terarkh201890114-61 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 90 (11) ◽

pp. 55-61

Author(s):

L A Shpagina ◽

O S Kotova ◽

I S Shpagin ◽

E M Loktin ◽

A A Rukavitsyna ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Critical Care ◽

Conjugate Vaccine ◽

Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽

Healthcare Workers ◽

Cox Regression ◽

Respiratory Infections ◽

Vaccine Coverage ◽

Healthcare Personnel ◽

Pneumococcal Infections ◽

Care Department

Aim. To establish the efficacy of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) for healthcare workers protection from occupational acquired infection and impact of healthcare staff vaccination on the risk of transmission to patients. Materials and methods. Healthcare personnel (n=157 of whom 105 critical care department staff) and 1770 patients of that critical care department observed. Healthcare workers received PCV13. Infections caused by Str. pneumoniae, respiratory infections regardless of etiology, work absenteeism in healthcare workers during 12 month before and after vaccination assessed. In the same time monitoring of hospital-acquired infections in patients of critical care department performed. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS 24, relationships were assessed by rate ratio, Cox regression, logistic regression and Kaplan-Meier estimator. Results. Healthcare workers' vaccine coverage in critical care department was 97.2%. In healthcare personnel the rate of all pneumococcal infections, asymptomatic carriage of Str. pneumoniae and respiratory pneumococcal infections were decreased after vaccination by 2.1, 2.2 and 2.1 times accordingly. The rate of respiratory infections regardless of etiology was decreased by 30%, р

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