scholarly journals International Patent Protection and Trade: Transaction-Level Evidence

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaétan de Rassenfosse ◽  
Marco Grazzi ◽  
Daniele Moschella ◽  
Gabriele Pellegrino
Keyword(s):  
Patent Protection ◽  
International Patent ◽  
Transaction Level

Innovative approaches to the facilitation of the development of innovative small businesses in the industry

10.12737/6305 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 274-284
Author(s):  
Безрукова ◽  
Tatyana Bezrukova ◽  
Бельский ◽  
Andrey Belskiy
Keyword(s):  
Form Factor ◽  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Patent Protection ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Credit Policy ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
International Patent ◽  
The Cost

One of the problems of the Russian economy is the low level of labor productivity, which re-quires the development of the economy in in-tensive manner. To this end, changes in the tax and credit policy are developed in order to support the venture financing of innovation in the industrial sector. To meet the challenges there are offers: differentiation of the tax bene-fits in the form factor taking into account the cost of R & D, depending on the degree of in-novation and breadth of international patent protection and targeted reduction of the refi-nancing for commercial ones.

Recent Patenting Activity in Electrolytic Aluminium Production Technology

2009 ◽  
Vol 618-619 ◽  
pp. 13-16
Author(s):  
Edwin C. Patterson ◽  
Robert N. Cross
Keyword(s):  
Production Technology ◽  
Patent Protection ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Trade Secrets ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Research Organizations ◽  
Aluminium Production ◽  
International Patent ◽  
Primary Aluminium ◽  
Patenting Activity

Companies and research organizations in the aluminium industry have a number of different strategies for protecting their new developments. Many research organizations have a patent focused strategy to facilitate commercialization of their new technologies. Conversely, primary aluminium producers tend to use patent protection more selectively, as they are able to use other Intellectual Property protection means such as trade secrets to protect their developments. This paper provides an overview of international patent publications from 1995 to 2008 in the field of electrolytic aluminium production and comments on perceived factors driving IP protection of these developments.

Regulatory Diversity as Key to the “Myth” of Drug Patenting in Sub-Saharan Africa

2010 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Poku Adusei
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Patent Protection ◽  
Patent System ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Right To Health Care ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
Drug Patent ◽  
International Patent ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
International Patent System

AbstractThis article critiques the subject of patent protection of drugs in the light of the threat posed by HIV/AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa. It contends that the basis for sustaining the prevailing international patent system in developing countries is a “myth”: one of deception. This “myth” is validated by highlighting the dysfunctions associated with the prevailing international patent system. The article proposes the adoption of diverse patent systems that would suit the cultural and human development needs of countries in sub-Saharan Africa. Such diversity implies a drug patent model that meets human needs and shows respect for communal interests, a model that permits differences and is amenable to change in the light of socio-economic needs, a model that confronts “unfreedoms” which constrain human development, and a model that ensures respect and protection for the fundamental right to health care.

Post-grant patent review in China: an empirical analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-375
Author(s):  
Renjun Bian
Keyword(s):  
Patent Protection ◽  
Patent System ◽  
Patent Litigation ◽  
China Trade ◽  
Patent Review ◽  
International Patent ◽  
The Us ◽  
Comprehensive Picture ◽  
Chinese Patent ◽  
Rational Ignorance

With a series of policies to stimulate innovation and patent activities, China has become a world leader in both patent applications and patent litigation. These major developments, together with the escalated US-China trade tensions, have made China an integral but controversial venue for international patent protection. The Chinese patent system, especially its detailed practice and cases, is in need of a comprehensive empirical study. This article analyzed 8766 Chinese patent invalidity cases decided between 2014 and 2016, which, together with my prior work on patent infringement lawsuits, offers a comprehensive picture on how the bifurcated patent system in China works. First, it found that only a small number, about 2.0 percent, of Chinese patents are ever subject to infringement or invalidity disputes, shedding light on the patent office's rational ignorance of a patent's validity at first place. Second, it found that the invalidity rate for invention patents in China (54.6%) was lower than in many other countries, such as the US (83.9%) and Germany (73%), indicating that the Chinese patent system is more pro-patentee than once believed. Third, it raised the question of Chinese patents’ quality based on various characteristics of these cases, including patent types and petitioners’ entity status.

International patent protection: 1960–2005

2008 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 761-766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter G. Park
Keyword(s):  
Patent Protection ◽  
International Patent

scholarly journals Patentes de medicamentos e a indústria farmacêutica nacional: estudo dos depósitos feitos no Brasil

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 38-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Eduardo Collazo Pontes
Keyword(s):  
Patent Protection ◽  
Search Strategy ◽  
Research Development ◽  
International Patent Classification ◽  
Patent Classification ◽  
International Patent ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
Patent Documents ◽  
The Law

The law of Generics allowed the growth of national industries, But investment in Research, Development and Innovation (P, D & I) remained practically null. Based on this scenario of fragility of the Brazilian industry, a research in database of patent documents, using as methodology, a search strategy, according to the International Patent Classification (IPC) was done. This survey, based on the analysis of the patent documents obtained, allowed us to reach the objective of the study, which is to introduce the situation of the national pharmaceutical industries in relation to investment in innovation. The results indicate the lack of investments in innovation in Brazil, allowing the conclusion that the country is totally dependent on the imports of medicines. This fact positions the multinational industries in a situation of superiority, facilitating the practice of abusive prices, since these take advantage of the patent protection.

scholarly journals International Protection of Intellectual Property

2004 ◽  
Vol 94 (5) ◽  
pp. 1635-1653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gene M Grossman ◽  
Edwin L.-C Lai
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Patent Protection ◽  
Market Size ◽  
International Protection ◽  
The North ◽  
International Patent ◽  
Global Regime ◽  
National Patent

We study the incentives that governments have to protect intellectual property in a trading world economy. We consider a world economy with ongoing innovation in two countries that differ in market size and in their capacity for innovation. After describing the determination of national patent policies in a noncooperative regime of patent protection, we ask, “Why is intellectual property better protected in the North than in the South?” We also study international patent agreements by deriving the properties of an efficient global regime of patent protection and asking whether harmonization of patent policies is necessary or sufficient for global efficiency.

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