scholarly journals Gender Roles and the Gender Expectations Gap

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco D'Acunto ◽  
Ulrike Malmendier ◽  
Michael Weber
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Gender Expectations ◽  
Expectations Gap

scholarly journals Gender roles produce divergent economic expectations

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (21) ◽  
pp. e2008534118
Author(s):  
Francesco D’Acunto ◽  
Ulrike Malmendier ◽  
Michael Weber
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Inflation Expectations ◽  
Grocery Shopping ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Gender Expectations ◽  
Traditional Gender Roles ◽  
Expectations Gap ◽  
Economic Expectations ◽  
Frequent Exposure

Expectations about economic variables vary systematically across genders. In the domain of inflation, women have persistently higher expectations than men. We argue that traditional gender roles are a significant factor in generating this gender expectations gap as they expose women and men to different economic signals in their daily lives. Using unique data on the participation of men and women in household grocery chores, their resulting exposure to price signals, and their inflation expectations, we document a tight link between the gender expectations gap and the distribution of grocery shopping duties. Because grocery prices are highly volatile, and consumers focus disproportionally on positive price changes, frequent exposure to grocery prices increases perceptions of current inflation and expectations of future inflation. The gender expectations gap is largest in households whose female heads are solely responsible for grocery shopping, whereas no gap arises in households that split grocery chores equally between men and women. Our results indicate that gender differences in inflation expectations arise due to social conditioning rather than through differences in innate abilities, skills, or preferences.

scholarly journals Gender Roles and the Gender Expectations Gap

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco D’Acunto ◽  
Ulrike Malmendier ◽  
Michael Weber
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Gender Expectations ◽  
Expectations Gap

scholarly journals Gender Roles and the Gender Expectations Gap

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco D'Acunto ◽  
Ulrike Malmendier ◽  
Michael Weber
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Gender Expectations ◽  
Expectations Gap

scholarly journals Gender Roles and the Gender Expectations Gap

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco D'Acunto ◽  
Ulrike Malmendier ◽  
Michael Weber
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Gender Expectations ◽  
Expectations Gap

EXPRESSION OF LOVE AS LINGVOCULTURAL AND GENDER LINGUISTIC CONCEPT AND ITS REFLECTION IN DIFFERENT CULTURES

2021 ◽  
Vol 02 (05) ◽  
pp. 48-54
Author(s):  
Yulia Sergeyevna Kim ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Muslim Women ◽  
Gender Expectations ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Different Cultures ◽  
Taking Care

Concept of Love expression has been studied by a number of scholars. The concept is of great interest to psycholinguists, researchers of gender linguistics and lingvoculture. The relation between gender roles, gender expectations and confessing love to the partner has been determined. Willingness to say I love you is directly connected with the culture. Different cultures’ views and attitude towards verbal love expression have been researched and outlined. The interviews and surveys supported the interrelation and interconnection between love expression and culture. Asian and Muslim women tend to expect men to take initiative while Americans are more likely to be open-minded in this question. Asian families express their feelings by taking care of their family members while Americans say they love each other all the time. The mentality of different nations is effected by collectivism and individualism.

scholarly journals GENDER ROLES OF MAIN CHARACTERS IN DANIELLE STEEL’S “FRIENDS FOREVER”

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (15) ◽  
pp. 30-36
Author(s):  
Galyna Tsapro ◽  
Olha Chorna
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Working Women ◽  
Communication Styles ◽  
Female Characters ◽  
Social Image ◽  
Gender Expectations ◽  
Best Friends ◽  
Traditional Gender Roles ◽  
Staying At Home

The research is devoted to the study of protagonists’ gender roles created by Danielle Steel in her book about five best friends. The corpus and discourse analyses have been applied to examine verbal characterization of main characters. Appearance, traits of character, relationships with others, moral values as well as communication styles have been studied. Gender roles have been perceived mostly as prescribed stereotypical norms of social behavior. Gender roles presented in literary works reflect social male and female portrayals but concurrently main characters’ gender portraits shape readers’ images and concepts about gender. Danielle Steel assigns traditional gender roles to her characters sketching their vivid images from childhood till later years. The female characters Izzie and Gabby correspond to traditional gender expectations about girls but still Gabby turns out to have bossy nature that is reflected in her behavior and speech. Three male protagonists, Andy, Billy and Sean, in general possessing quite traditional gender roles, are depicted as completely different personalities with some deviation from gender expectations about men. The main characters’ fathers in general represent an established social image of successful professionals, family providers, most of them being loving and supporting fathers, while the protagonists’ mothers form two contrastive groups of staying at home and working women. The portraits of two working mothers differ greatly, depicting the woman devoting all her time to work and ignoring her daughter’s needs and the other despite being busy at work still being able to take care of her son. Other three women are ideal pictures of affectionate mothers and wives.

Jewish Traditions About Women and Gender Roles: From Rabbinic Teachings to Medieval Practice

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Baskin
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Women And Gender ◽  
Gender Expectations ◽  
Marriage Contracts ◽  
Successful Women ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Marital Sexuality

Medieval Jewish attitudes about women's capacities, appropriate activities, and legal relationships with men emerged from the androcentric literature of the rabbinic movement (first seven centuries CE). While differences in customs developed in Spain (Sepharad), Western and Central Europe (Ashkenaz), and the Muslim Middle East and North Africa, rabbinic legislation ensured similar gender expectations and female exclusion from central roles in public worship and study and communal leadership in each milieu. Marriage contracts provided women with financial support following divorce or a husband's death. Prohibited from initiating divorce, some women found legal ways to leave untenable marriages. Economically successful women supported their households and sometimes used their wealth to enhance their communal roles and religious status. Many authors followed rabbinic precedent in defining women as sources of sexual temptation and ritual pollution. Mystics elevated marital sexuality as a model of divine communion, but demonization of the menstruant effectively excluded women from mystical circles.

scholarly journals Hegemony, Gender Stereotypes and Disney: A Content Analysis of Frozen and Snow White

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larisa Arnold ◽  
McKenna Seidl ◽  
Ariel Deloney
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Gender Roles ◽  
Social Norms ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Gender Expectations ◽  
Traditional Gender Roles ◽  
Snow White ◽  
Chi Square Test

A content analysis was conducted and focused on the gender roles, gender expectations, and social norms in Disney films. The researchers studied one past Disney film, Snow White and compared it with the most recent Disney film, Frozen to draw distinctions and similarities between them. Through a chi square test of association comparing specific Disney roles of both men and women, minimum differences have been shown between past and recent films. Disney has made changes in their films by removing some overt gender stereotypes from the films; however, they continue to use many of these stereotypical gender expectations. The data suggests that hegemonic principles can be applied to the most recent Disney film Frozen. Disney has hidden traditional gender norms under the guise of being progressive while still utilizing the successful Disney formula of traditional gender roles and expectations.

scholarly journals Negotiating the female successor–leader role within family business succession in China

2020 ◽  
pp. 026624262096071
Author(s):  
Huiping Xian ◽  
Nan Jiang ◽  
Maura McAdam
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Identity Construction ◽  
Family Business ◽  
Family Values ◽  
Chinese Family ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Gender Expectations ◽  
Traditional Gender Roles ◽  
Business Succession ◽  
Leader Role

This article explores the approaches of identity construction used by Chinese daughters while negotiating the successor–leader role within family businesses. A qualitative interpretivist approach was adopted to understand daughter views on gender, family business leadership and succession, as well as the approaches adopted to negotiate the role of female successor/leader in the Chinese family business. Twenty semi-structured interviews were conducted with both actual and potential female successors. Three approaches of identity construction emerged based on the degree of conformity to traditional gender roles and Confucian family values: first, to abide by conventional gender expectations and perceive themselves as a temporary leader; second, to act as the ‘second leader’ and remain involved in decision making and third, to challenge conventional gender roles and strive to be an independent leader. This article contributes to debates on women in family business and gendered identity construction of daughters in family business in the Chinese context.

Sex Differences in Cardiovascular Reactivity

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew C. Whited ◽  
Kevin T. Larkin
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Gender Roles ◽  
Cardiovascular Reactivity ◽  
Task Type ◽  
Conflict Task ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Conflicting Evidence ◽  
Blood Pressure Responses

Sex differences in cardiovascular reactivity to stress are well documented, with some studies showing women having greater heart rate responses than men, and men having greater blood pressure responses than women, while other studies show conflicting evidence. Few studies have attended to the gender relevance of tasks employed in these studies. This study investigated cardiovascular reactivity to two interpersonal stressors consistent with different gender roles to determine whether response differences exist between men and women. A total of 26 men and 31 women were assigned to either a traditional male-oriented task that involved interpersonal conflict (Conflict Task) or a traditional female-oriented task that involved comforting another person (Comfort Task). Results demonstrated that women exhibited greater heart rate reactions than men independent of the task type, and that men did not display a higher reactivity than women on any measure. These findings indicate that sex of participant was more important than gender relevance of the task in eliciting sex differences in cardiovascular responding.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document