Association between Ambient PM2·5 and Under- Five, Infant, and Child Mortality in Latin America, 2010- 2015: A Longitudinal Analysis in 337 Cities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Ortigoza ◽  
Nelson Gouveia ◽  
Josiah Kephart ◽  
Francisco Javier Prado-Galbarro ◽  
Guta Friche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Child Mortality ◽  
Longitudinal Analysis ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Infant And Child Mortality

scholarly journals Association between ambient PM2·5 and under-5, infant, and child mortality in Latin America, 2010–15: a longitudinal analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. S16
Author(s):  
Ana Ortigoza ◽  
Nelson Gouveia ◽  
Josiah Kephart ◽  
Francisco Prado-Galbarro ◽  
Amelia A Friche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Child Mortality ◽  
Longitudinal Analysis ◽  
Infant And Child Mortality

scholarly journals Globalization, Democracy and Child Health: Asia vs. Latin America

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hijab Agha ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Child Health ◽  
Child Mortality ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Child Health Outcomes ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Political Globalization ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
And Child Health

Child mortality in an important indicator of shortcomings in health provisions to the most vulnerable segments of the society i.e., children under five. In this highly connected world, the trends in child mortality need exploration within the context of institutional change and global connectivity. This study explores the effect of globalization on child health in Asia and Latin America. These two regions over the last three decades have undergone waves of liberalization as well as an inconsistent drive towards democratization with very different outcomes in terms of child mortality, making for apt comparison in the context of this study. The study also examines how the level of democracy changes the relationship between globalization and child health in the two regions for the time-period 1970 to 2016 using System GMM estimation technique. The results indicate that economic globalization improves child health in Asia while social and political globalization show different results for infant and child mortality. In Latin America political globalization was found to be most effective in reducing infant mortality, while all dimensions of globalization were found to be either insignificant or increasing under-five mortality. That said, the interactions between dimensions of globalization and democracy were found to be consistently significant and mortality reducing. This result signifies the existence of complementarity between democracy and globalization in improving child health outcomes.

Assessing the Temporal and Regional Differences in the Relationships between Infant and Child Mortality and Urban Slum Prevalence in Less Developed Countries, 1990–2005

Urban Studies ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (16) ◽  
pp. 3495-3512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Jorgenson ◽  
James Rice ◽  
Brett Clark
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Child Mortality ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Urban Slum ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Less Developed Countries ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Infant And Child Mortality ◽  
Social Scientific

Drawing from various bodies of social scientific literature and research, the authors assess the extent to which infant and child mortality rates in less developed countries are impacted by the percentage of domestic populations living in urban slum conditions. Results of two-way fixed effects panel model estimates of 80 less developed countries from 1990 to 2005 indicate that growth in the percentage of populations living in urban slum conditions positively affects both forms of mortality rate. The effects, moreover, are much more pronounced for African countries than for less developed countries in Latin America and Asia and moderately larger for the Asian nations than those in Latin America. Additional findings suggest that the magnitude of the effect of urban slum prevalence on infant and child mortality increased through time for the African countries, but not for the Latin American and Asian countries in the study.

scholarly journals Differential in infant, childhood and under-five death clustering among the empowered and non-empowered action group regions in India

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronak Paul ◽  
Rashmi Rashmi ◽  
Shobhit Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Child Mortality ◽  
Unobserved Heterogeneity ◽  
Child Death ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Index Child ◽  
Weibull Regression ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Action Group ◽  
Random Intercept ◽  
Infant And Child Mortality

Abstract Background With 8,82,000 deaths in the under-five period, India observed varied intra-state and inter-regional differences across infant and child mortality in 2018. However, scarce literature is present to capture this unusual concentration of mortality in certain families by examining the association of the mortality risks among the siblings of those families along with various unobserved characteristics of the mother. Looking towards the regional and age differential in mortality, this paper attempts to provide evidence for the differential in mortality clustering among infants (aged 0–11 months), children (12–59 months) and under-five (0–59 months) period among mothers from the Empowered Action Group (EAG) and non-EAG regions of India. Methods The study used data from the National Family Health Survey (2015–16) which includes all the birth histories of 475,457 women aged 15–49 years. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to fulfil the objectives of the study. A two-level random intercept Weibull regression model was used to account for the unexplained mother (family) level heterogeneity. Results About 3.3% and 5.9% of infant deaths and 0.8% and 1.6% of childhood deaths were observed in non-EAG and EAG regions respectively. Among them, a higher percentage of infant and child death was observed due to the death of a previous sibling. There were 1.67 times [95% CI: 1.55–1.80] and 1.46 times [CI: 1.37–1.56] higher odds of infant and under-five mortality of index child respectively when the previous sibling at the time of conception of the index child was dead in the non-EAG regions. In contrast, the odds of death scarring (death of previous sibling scars the survival of index child) were 1.38 times [CI: 1.32–1.44] and 1.24 times [CI: 1.20–1.29] higher for infant and under-five mortality respectively in the EAG regions. Conclusion The extent of infant and child mortality clustering and unobserved heterogeneity was higher among mothers in the non-EAG regions in comparison to their EAG region counterparts. With the growing situation of under-five mortality clustering in non-EAG states, region-wise interventions are recommended. Additionally, proper care is needed to ameliorate the inter-family variation in mortality risk among the children of both EAG and non-EAG regions throughout their childhood.

Determinant of Infant and Child Mortality in Ethiopia

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yegnanew Alem Shiferaw ◽  
Meseret Zinabu ◽  
Tesfaye Abera
Keyword(s):  
Child Mortality ◽  
Infant And Child Mortality

scholarly journals Association between household air pollution and child mortality in Myanmar using a multilevel mixed-effects Poisson regression with robust variance

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juwel Rana ◽  
Rakibul M. Islam ◽  
Md Nuruzzaman Khan ◽  
Razia Aliani ◽  
Youssef Oulhote
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Child Mortality ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Household Air Pollution ◽  
P Value ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Relative Risks ◽  
Clean Cookstoves

AbstractHousehold air pollution (HAP) from solid fuel use (SFU) for cooking is a major public health threat for women and children in low and middle-income countries. This study investigated the associations between HAP and neonatal, infant, and under-five child mortality in Myanmar. The study consisted of 3249 sample of under-five children in the households from the first Myanmar Demographic and Health Survey 2016. Fuel types and levels of exposure to SFU (no, moderate and high) were proxies for HAP. We estimated covariate-adjusted relative risks (aRR) of neonatal, infant, and under-five child mortality with 95% confidence intervals, accounting for the survey design. The prevalence of SFU was 79.0%. The neonatal, infant, and under-five child mortality rates were 26, 45, and 49 per 1000 live births, respectively. The risks of infant (aRR 2.02; 95% CI 1.01–4.05; p-value = 0.048) and under-five mortality (aRR 2.16; 95% CI 1.07–4.36; p-value = 0.031), but not neonatal mortality, were higher among children from households with SFU compared to children from households using clean fuel. Likewise, children highly exposed to HAP had higher risks of mortality than unexposed children. HAP increases the risks of infant and under-five child mortality in Myanmar, which could be reduced by increasing access to clean cookstoves and fuels.

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