Assessments of Road Transportation Sector Considering Comprehensive Energy Systems Toward Carbon Neutrality

Benchmark refrigeration systems in the road transportation sector are powered by diesel, having operation costs of up to 6,000 €/y with the consequent increase of the goods cost. This chapter presents an alternative refrigeration system based on fuel cells (FC) and hydrogen as fuel, with higher efficiency, reduced costs and independent of diesel price fluctuations. Examples of the energy load profiles impact on the FC sizing, H2 consumption and system autonomy are presented as well as a description of the FC model and performance simulation results. The economical feasibility of this new refrigeration system linked to renewable energies is also analyzed and an economical assessment for different scenarios is presented.

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Primary Air Pollutants Emissions Variation Characteristics and Future Control Strategies for Transportation Sector in Beijing, China

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12104111 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (10) ◽

pp. 4111 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Yifeng Xue ◽

Xizi Cao ◽

Yi Ai ◽

Kangli Xu ◽

Yichen Zhang

Keyword(s):

Air Pollutants ◽

Freight Transportation ◽

Air Pollutant ◽

Pollutant Emissions ◽

Motor Vehicles ◽

Railway Transportation ◽

Road Transportation ◽

Transportation Sector ◽

Variation Characteristics ◽

Beijing China

Air pollutant emissions from vehicles, railways, and aircraft for freight and passenger transportation are major sources of air pollution, and strongly impact the air quality of Beijing, China. To better understand the variation characteristics of these emissions, we used the emission factor method to quantitatively determine the air pollutant emissions from the transportation sector. The emission intensity of different modes of transportation was estimated, and measures are proposed to prevent and control air pollutants emitted from the transportation sector. The results showed that air pollutant emissions from the transportation sector have been decreasing year by year as a result of the reduction in emissions from motor vehicles, benefiting from the structural adjustment of motor vehicles. A comparison of the emission intensity of primary air pollutants from different modes of transportation showed that the emission level of railway transportation was much lower than that of road transportation. However, Beijing relies heavily on road transportation, with road freight transportation accounting for 96% of freight transportation, whereas the proportion of railway transportation was low. Primary air pollutants from the transportation sector contributed significantly to the total emissions in Beijing. The proportion of NOX emissions increased from 54% in 2013 to 58% in 2018. To reduce air pollutant emissions from the transportation sector, further adjustments and optimization of the structure of transportation in Beijing are needed. As for the control of motor vehicle pollutant emissions, vehicle composition must be adjusted and the development of clean energy must be promoted, as well as the replacement of diesel vehicles with electric vehicles for passenger and freight transportation.

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Factors Influencing CO2 Emissions and Strategies for Emissions Reduction in Malaysian Transportation Sector

International Journal of Engineering & Technology ◽

10.14419/ijet.v7i4.35.23115 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (4.35) ◽

pp. 823 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mustapa S.I ◽

Bekhet H.A

Keyword(s):

Co2 Emissions ◽

Fuel Efficiency ◽

Policy Instruments ◽

Road Transport ◽

Transport Sector ◽

Road Transportation ◽

Fuel Price ◽

Transport Services ◽

Transportation Sector ◽

The Impact

The rapid urbanisation and economic growth has led to unprecedented increase in CO2 emissions, which led to a vital global issue due partly to the rise in demand from the transport sector. In the years ahead, the transport services demand is likely to increase further, which lead to intensification in CO2 emissions as well. The transportation sector in Malaysia contributes for about 28% of total CO2 emissions, of which 85% of it goes to road transportation mode. This has led to a great interest in how the CO2 emissions in this sector can effectively be reduced. Using a multiple regression model and datasets from 1990 to 2015, this study aimed to examine factors that influence the CO2 emissions in Malaysia. Key factors of CO2 emissions, i.e., fuel consumption (FC), distance travel (DT), fuel efficiency (FE), and fuel price (FP) were investigated for the road transport sector. The findings demonstrated that the impact of factors on CO2 emissions were varies in each technology vehicles. These findings not only contributes to enhancing the current literature, but also provide insights for policy maker in Malaysia to design policy instruments for road transport sector.

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Hydrogen Economy or Electricity Economy?: A Transportation Case Study

ASME 2009 3rd International Conference on Energy Sustainability, Volume 1 ◽

10.1115/es2009-90318 ◽

2009 ◽

Author(s):

Robert L. Evans

Keyword(s):

Energy Consumption ◽

Storage System ◽

High Energy ◽

Primary Energy ◽

Cell System ◽

Hydrogen Economy ◽

Road Transportation ◽

Transportation Sector ◽

New Generation ◽

High Energy Storage Density

Transportation accounts for more than a quarter of total global energy consumption. For fuelling road transportation there has been much speculation about the use of hydrogen as an energy carrier, which proponents claim would usher in the “Hydrogen Economy”. The concept of the “complete energy conversion chain” has been used to compare the overall energy consumption and CO2 emissions from vehicles powered by hydrogen fuel cells with those from vehicles using a battery and electric drive. The analysis shows that if a sustainable source of electricity is used to produce hydrogen, then the hydrogen and fuel cell system is just equivalent to a battery. The efficiency of these two different approaches has been compared, and shows that the hydrogen system would consume nearly three times the primary energy required by a battery storage system. Conventional batteries do not, however, have a sufficiently high energy storage density to provide the range needed for most drivers. A new generation of plug-in hybrid vehicles is being developed which take advantage of the best attributes of both electric vehicles and conventional fossilfuelled vehicles. These vehicles show promise to dramatically reduce the quantity of greenhouse gases produced each year by the transportation sector.

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