On the Sources of the Inflation Bias and Output Variability

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Piga
Keyword(s):  
Inflation Bias ◽  
Output Variability

scholarly journals Characterizing Color Quality, Damage to Artwork, and Light Intensity of Multi-Primary LEDs for Museums

Heritage ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 188-197
Author(s):  
Dorukalp Durmus
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Appearance Model ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Great Flexibility ◽  
Oil Paintings ◽  
Damage Reduction ◽  
Output Variability ◽  
Color Quality ◽  
Trade Offs

Light causes damage when it is absorbed by sensitive artwork, such as oil paintings. However, light is needed to initiate vision and display artwork. The dilemma between visibility and damage, coupled with the inverse relationship between color quality and energy efficiency, poses a challenge for curators, conservators, and lighting designers in identifying optimal light sources. Multi-primary LEDs can provide great flexibility in terms of color quality, damage reduction, and energy efficiency for artwork illumination. However, there are no established metrics that quantify the output variability or highlight the trade-offs between different metrics. Here, various metrics related to museum lighting (damage, the color quality of paintings, illuminance, luminous efficacy of radiation) are analyzed using a voxelated 3-D volume. The continuous data in each dimension of the 3-D volume are converted to discrete data by identifying a significant minimum value (unit voxel). Resulting discretized 3-D volumes display the trade-offs between selected measures. It is possible to quantify the volume of the graph by summing unique voxels, which enables comparison of the performance of different light sources. The proposed representation model can be used for individual pigments or paintings with numerous pigments. The proposed method can be the foundation of a damage appearance model (DAM).

scholarly journals Global Sensitivity Analysis of a Homogenized Constrained Mixture Model of Arterial Growth and Remodeling

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Brandstaeter ◽  
Sebastian L. Fuchs ◽  
Jonas Biehler ◽  
Roland C. Aydin ◽  
Wolfgang A. Wall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Global Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Computational Studies ◽  
Growth And Remodeling ◽  
Global Sensitivity ◽  
Output Variability ◽  
Constrained Mixture ◽  
The One ◽  
Influential Parameters

AbstractGrowth and remodeling in arterial tissue have attracted considerable attention over the last decade. Mathematical models have been proposed, and computational studies with these have helped to understand the role of the different model parameters. So far it remains, however, poorly understood how much of the model output variability can be attributed to the individual input parameters and their interactions. To clarify this, we propose herein a global sensitivity analysis, based on Sobol indices, for a homogenized constrained mixture model of aortic growth and remodeling. In two representative examples, we found that 54–80% of the long term output variability resulted from only three model parameters. In our study, the two most influential parameters were the one characterizing the ability of the tissue to increase collagen production under increased stress and the one characterizing the collagen half-life time. The third most influential parameter was the one characterizing the strain-stiffening of collagen under large deformation. Our results suggest that in future computational studies it may - at least in scenarios similar to the ones studied herein - suffice to use population average values for the other parameters. Moreover, our results suggest that developing methods to measure the said three most influential parameters may be an important step towards reliable patient-specific predictions of the enlargement of abdominal aortic aneurysms in clinical practice.

scholarly journals Irradiance Variability Quantification and Small-Scale Averaging in Space and Time: A Short Review

Atmosphere ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald Lohmann
Keyword(s):  
Short Review ◽  
Power Grids ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Stable Operation ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Spatial Smoothing ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Scales ◽  
Output Variability ◽  
Temporal Averaging

The ongoing world-wide increase of installed photovoltaic (PV) power attracts notice to weather-induced PV power output variability. Understanding the underlying spatiotemporal volatility of solar radiation is essential to the successful outlining and stable operation of future power grids. This paper concisely reviews recent advances in the characterization of irradiance variability, with an emphasis on small spatial and temporal scales (respectively less than about 10 km and 1 min), for which comprehensive data sets have recently become available. Special attention is given to studies dealing with the quantification of variability using such unique data, the analysis and modeling of spatial smoothing, and the evaluation of temporal averaging.

Modeling PV fleet output variability

Solar Energy ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 86 (8) ◽  
pp. 2177-2189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas E. Hoff ◽  
Richard Perez
Keyword(s):  
Output Variability

scholarly journals An Analysis of Variability in Power Output During Indoor and Outdoor Cycling Time Trials

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 1273-1279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Owen Jeffries ◽  
Mark Waldron ◽  
Stephen D. Patterson ◽  
Brook Galna
Keyword(s):  
Power Output ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Portable Power ◽  
Output Variability ◽  
Competitive Cyclists ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Power Output ◽  
Testing Protocols ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor

Purpose: Regulation of power output during cycling encompasses the integration of internal and external demands to maximize performance. However, relatively little is known about variation in power output in response to the external demands of outdoor cycling. The authors compared the mean power output and the magnitude of power-output variability and structure during a 20-min time trial performed indoors and outdoors. Methods: Twenty male competitive cyclists ( 60.4 [7.1] mL·kg−1·min−1) performed 2 randomized maximal 20-min time-trial tests: outdoors at a cycle-specific racing circuit and indoors on a laboratory-based electromagnetically braked training ergometer, 7 d apart. Power output was sampled at 1 Hz and collected on the same bike equipped with a portable power meter in both tests. Results: Twenty-minute time-trial performance indoor (280 [44] W) was not different from outdoor (284 [41] W) (P = .256), showing a strong correlation (r = .94; P < .001). Within-persons SD was greater outdoors (69 [21] W) than indoors (33 [10] W) (P < .001). Increased variability was observed across all frequencies in data from outdoor cycling compared with indoors (P < .001) except for the very slowest frequency bin (<0.0033 Hz, P = .930). Conclusions: The findings indicate a greater magnitude of variability in power output during cycling outdoors. This suggests that constraints imposed by the external environment lead to moderate- and high-frequency fluctuations in power output. Therefore, indoor testing protocols should be designed to reflect the external demands of cycling outdoors.

scholarly journals Output Variability and Economic Growth: the Japanese Case

2004 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 353-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stilianos Fountas ◽  
Menelaos Karanasos ◽  
Alfonso Mendoza
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Japanese Case ◽  
Output Variability

Success Bias and Inflation Bias After Planning and Communicating Emotional Support

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 972-976
Author(s):  
Colter D. Ray ◽  
Kory Floyd ◽  
Paul A. Mongeau ◽  
Ashley K. Randall
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Support ◽  
Inflation Bias

Different Neural Adjustments Improve Endpoint Accuracy With Practice in Young and Old Adults

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (5) ◽  
pp. 3340-3350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evangelos A. Christou ◽  
Brach Poston ◽  
Joel A. Enoka ◽  
Roger M. Enoka
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Motor Output ◽  
Peak Force ◽  
Absolute Difference ◽  
Antagonist Muscle ◽  
Old Adults ◽  
Time To Peak ◽  
Output Variability ◽  
Motor Output Variability ◽  
Target Force

The purpose of the study was to determine the practice-induced adjustments in the motor-output variability and the agonist–antagonist activity that accompanied improvements in endpoint accuracy of goal-directed isometric contractions in young and old adults. Young and old adults performed 100 trials that involved accurately matching the peak of a force trajectory (25% maximum) to a target force in 150 ms. Endpoint accuracy was quantified as the absolute difference between the target and the peak force and time-to-peak force. Motor-output variability was expressed as the SDs of the force trajectory, peak force, and time-to-peak force. The force and time errors differed between the two groups initially, but after 35 practice trials the errors were similar for the two groups. Reductions in force endpoint error were predicted by decreases in the variability of the force trajectory for both groups, adaptations in the agonist (first dorsal interosseus) and antagonist (second palmar interosseus) EMG for young adults, and adaptations only for the agonist EMG for old adults. Reductions in time endpoint error were predicted by increases in the SD of time-to-peak force and a longer delay to the peak EMG of the antagonist muscle for young adults, but by decreases in the SDs of time-to-peak force and force trajectory and a shorter delay to the peak EMG of the antagonist muscle for the old adults. The findings indicate that the neural adjustments underlying the improvement in endpoint accuracy with practice differed for young and old adults.

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