scholarly journals The effect of GPS refresh rate on measuring police patrol in micro-places

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver K. Hutt ◽  
Kate Bowers ◽  
Shane D. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Refresh Rate ◽  
Police Patrol

scholarly journals The effect of GPS refresh rate on measuring police patrol in micro-places

Crime Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver K. Hutt ◽  
Kate Bowers ◽  
Shane D. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Police Officer ◽  
Hot Spots ◽  
Ground Truth ◽  
Gps Data ◽  
Refresh Rate ◽  
Ground Truth Data ◽  
Police Patrol ◽  
Gps Traces

AbstractWith the increasing prevalence of police interventions implemented in micro hot-spots of crime, the accuracy with which officer foot patrols can be measured is increasingly important for the robust evaluation of such strategies. However, it is currently unknown how the accuracy of GPS traces impact upon our understanding of where officers are at a given time and how this varies for different GPS refresh rates. Most existing studies that use GPS data fail to acknowledge this. This study uses GPS data from police officer radios and ground truth data to estimate how accurate GPS data are for different GPS refresh rates. The similarity of the assumed paths are quantitatively evaluated and the analysis shows that different refresh rates lead to diverging estimations of where officers have patrolled. These results have significant implications for the measurement of police patrols in micro-places and evaluations of micro-place based interventions.

scholarly journals A Mutual Capacitance Touch Readout IC with Synchronization in Touch and Mobile Display Driving for High Refresh Rate AMOLED Panels

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 922
Author(s):  
Seunghoon Ko
Keyword(s):  
System Architecture ◽  
Noise Suppression ◽  
Touch Screen ◽  
Horizontal Line ◽  
Time Sharing ◽  
Refresh Rate ◽  
Front End ◽  
Scan Rate ◽  
Mutual Capacitance ◽  
Analog Voltage

This paper presents a mutual capacitance touch readout IC architecture for 120 Hz high-refresh-rate AMOLED displays. In high-refresh-rate AMOLED panels, whole pixels in a horizontal line should be updated without any time-sharing with each other, leading to an amplified display noise on touch screen panel (TSP) electrodes. The proposed system architecture mitigates severe display noise by synchronizing the driving for the TSP and AMOLED pixel circuits. The proposed differential sensing technique, which is based on noise suppression in reference to mutual capacitance channels, minimizes common-mode display noise. In the front-end circuit, intrinsic circuit offset is cancelled by a chopping scheme, which correlates to the phase of the driving signals in the TSP driver and operating clocks of the front-end. Operating at a 120 Hz scan-rate, it reduces display noise by more than 11.6 dB when compared with the conventional single-ended TSP sensing method. With a built-in 130-nm CMOS, a prototype IC occupies an area of 8.02 mm2 while consuming 6.4-mW power from a 3.3 V analog voltage supply.

Latency of 30 ms Benefits First Person Targeting Tasks More Than Refresh Rate Above 60 Hz

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josef Spjut ◽  
Ben Boudaoud ◽  
Kamran Binaee ◽  
Jonghyun Kim ◽  
Alexander Majercik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
First Person ◽  
Refresh Rate

scholarly journals A micromirror array with annular partitioning for high-speed random-access axial focusing

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan Tessema Ersumo ◽  
Cem Yalcin ◽  
Nick Antipa ◽  
Nicolas Pégard ◽  
Laura Waller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Optics ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Random Access ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Phase Shifting ◽  
Optical Systems ◽  
Piston Motion ◽  
Refresh Rate ◽  
Circular Symmetry

Abstract Dynamic axial focusing functionality has recently experienced widespread incorporation in microscopy, augmented/virtual reality (AR/VR), adaptive optics and material processing. However, the limitations of existing varifocal tools continue to beset the performance capabilities and operating overhead of the optical systems that mobilize such functionality. The varifocal tools that are the least burdensome to operate (e.g. liquid crystal, elastomeric or optofluidic lenses) suffer from low (≈100 Hz) refresh rates. Conversely, the fastest devices sacrifice either critical capabilities such as their dwelling capacity (e.g. acoustic gradient lenses or monolithic micromechanical mirrors) or low operating overhead (e.g. deformable mirrors). Here, we present a general-purpose random-access axial focusing device that bridges these previously conflicting features of high speed, dwelling capacity and lightweight drive by employing low-rigidity micromirrors that exploit the robustness of defocusing phase profiles. Geometrically, the device consists of an 8.2 mm diameter array of piston-motion and 48-μm-pitch micromirror pixels that provide 2π phase shifting for wavelengths shorter than 1100 nm with 10–90% settling in 64.8 μs (i.e., 15.44 kHz refresh rate). The pixels are electrically partitioned into 32 rings for a driving scheme that enables phase-wrapped operation with circular symmetry and requires <30 V per channel. Optical experiments demonstrated the array’s wide focusing range with a measured ability to target 29 distinct resolvable depth planes. Overall, the features of the proposed array offer the potential for compact, straightforward methods of tackling bottlenecked applications, including high-throughput single-cell targeting in neurobiology and the delivery of dense 3D visual information in AR/VR.

Binomial Bit-Rate Computation Model Based on Wireless Channel

2012 ◽  
Vol 241-244 ◽  
pp. 2482-2486
Author(s):  
Wei Ming Yang ◽  
Jian Zhang ◽  
Jin Xiang Peng
Keyword(s):  
Solution Method ◽  
Rate Distortion ◽  
Wireless Channel ◽  
Video Communication ◽  
Bit Allocation ◽  
Bit Rate ◽  
Computation Model ◽  
Refresh Rate ◽  
Network Bandwidth ◽  
Inter Frame

For the encoding bit-rate problem in H.264 wireless video communication, the bit-rate computation model and the standard deviation distortion model were analyzed to establish the relation between the quantization parameter of encoding bit-rate and the intra-frame refresh rate of macroblocks, a new proposal of the coding rate thus put forward based on the general binomial computation model theory. Furthermore, this method not only can adaptively adjust the bit allocation and quantization parameters to prevent buffer from overflowing downward or upward under given network bandwidth, but also can apply the rate-distortion to perfect the solution method, control the encoding bits accurately and optimize the allocation between the inter-frame encoding macroblocks.

scholarly journals LIDAR pulse coding for high resolution range imaging at improved refresh rate

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (21) ◽  
pp. 23810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunzung Kim ◽  
Yongwan Park
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Range Imaging ◽  
Refresh Rate

scholarly journals The Effects of Intermittent Illumination on a Visual Inspection Task

1998 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Kennedy ◽  
Marc Brysbaert ◽  
Wayne S. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Word Identification ◽  
Saccade Latency ◽  
Frame Rate ◽  
Curvilinear Relationship ◽  
Refresh Rate ◽  
Intermittent Illumination ◽  
Saccade Control ◽  
Average Size ◽  
Inspection Task ◽  
Viewing Position

Two experiments are described in which eye movements were monitored as subjects performed a simple target-spotting task under conditions of intermittent illumination produced by varying the display-screen frame rate on a computer VDU. In Experiment 1, subjects executed a saccade from a fixation point to a target which appeared randomly at a fixed eccentricity of 14 character positions to the left or right. Saccade latency did not differ reliably as a function of screen refresh rate, but average saccade extent at 70 Hz and 110 Hz was reliably shorter than at 90 Hz and 100 Hz. Experiment 2 examined the same task using a range of target eccentricities (7, 14, and 28 character positions to the left and right) and across a wider range of screen refresh rates. The results confirmed the curvilinear relationship obtained in Experiment 1, with average saccade extent reliably shorter at refresh rates of 50 Hz and 125 Hz than at 75 Hz and 100 Hz. While the effect was greater for remote targets, analyses of the proportional target error failed to show a reliable interaction between target eccentricity and display refresh rate. In contrast to Experiment 1, there was a pronounced effect of refresh rate on saccade latency (corrected for time to write the screen frame), with shorter latencies at higher refresh rates. It may be concluded that pulsation at frequencies above fusion disrupts saccade control. However, the curvilinear functional relationship between screen refresh rate and saccade extent obtained in these studies differs from previously reported effects of intermittent illumination on the average size of “entry saccades” (the first saccade to enter a given word) in a task involving word identification (Kennedy & Murray, 1993a, 1996). This conflict of data may arise in part because within-word adjustments in viewing position, which are typical of normal reading, influence measures of average saccade extent.

40.3: A 2Gbps/lane Source Synchronous Intra-Panel Interface for Large Size and High Refresh Rate Panel with Automatic Calibration

2011 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 559-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seiichi Ozawa ◽  
Hironobu Akita ◽  
Shinya Suzuki ◽  
Hidetoshi Miura ◽  
Shogo Hachiya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Automatic Calibration ◽  
Refresh Rate ◽  
Large Size
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