PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF PROFESSIONAL BURNOUT OF PATROL-GUARD SERVICE POLICE OFFICERS IN THE PERIOD OF PROFESSIONAL ADAPTATION

Профессиональное выгорание сотрудников полиции представляет собой интегральную совокупность переживаний отрицательного характера, причиной которых являются объективные условия профессиональной деятельности. Выгорание как предиктор профессиональных деформаций личности требует внимания и мониторинга уже на первых этапах профессионального становления субъекта, поэтому в системе морально-психологической подготовки в качестве актуальных выступают задачи его профилактики. Цель исследования - провести анализ и психологическую оценку показателей профессионального выгорания сотрудников патрульно-постовой службы полиции в период профессиональной адаптации. В исследовании приняли участие 110 сотрудников патрульно-постовой службы полиции, которые прослужили в органах внутренних дел от шести месяцев до одного года. Методы исследования представлены психодиагностическим инструментарием: многомерная шкала нервно-психической адаптации И. Н. Гурвича, опросник В. А. Винокура «Отношение к работе и профессиональное выгорание» для специалистов «помогающих» профессий, а также методами математической статистики. Исследование позволило выявить средний уровень профессионального выгорания и проблемы адаптации у 31 % респондентов. В результате исследования установлено, что сотрудники с низким уровнем адаптации переживают состояния эмоционального истощения и напряженности в деятельности. На уровне статистической значимости выявлены признаки проблем с состоянием здоровья и общих адаптационных возможностей. Установлены достоверные значения, свидетельствующие о снижении общей самооценки респондентов, невысокой значимости деятельности и отсутствии направленности на профессиональное развитие в условиях нарушения адаптации. Полученные результаты позволяют разработать коррекционные занятия в рамках морально-психологической подготовки сотрудников полиции, направленные на профилактику профессиональных деформаций личности. Professional burnout of police officers is an integral set of negative experiences which are caused by objective conditions of professional activity. Burnout as a predictor of professional personality deformations is already required attention and monitoring at the first stages of the professional formation of the subject. Therefore, the prevention of professional burnout is an urgent task of moral and psychological training. The purpose of is to analyze and psychologically assess the indicators of professional burnout of police patrol officers during professional adaptation. The research involved 110 police patrol officers who served in the Internal Affairs Agencies from six months to one year. Research methods has been presented by psychodiagnostics tools: I. N. Gurvich's multidimensional scale of neuropsychiatric adaptation, V. A. Vinokur's test «Attitude to work and professional burnout» for specialists in «assisting» professions, as well as methods of mathematical statistics. The research revealed an average level of professional burnout and adaptation problems in 31 % of respondents. The research found that employees with a low level of adaptation experience states of emotional exhaustion and tension in the activity. Signs of health problems and general adaptive capacity were identified at the level of statistical significance. Reliable values indicating a decrease in the general self-esteem of the respondents, the low importance of activity and the lack of focus on professional development in conditions of impaired adaptation were established. The results allow us to develop corrective courses as part of the moral and psychological training of police officers, aimed at the prevention of professional deformations of personality.

Driver Compliance in Daytime Headlights Zones in the U.S

Aims: Observe driver compliance with daytime headlights requirements along two-lane highways in California and Arizona. Determine overall compliance rates, while identifying any statistical differences between highways. Study Design: Travel along highways having daytime headlight use requirements during daylight hours, recording ambient conditions and compliance. Distinguish between cars, large commercial trucks, and motorcycles, and between manual (low-beam) and automated (very low-beam) headlights. Add supportive information from synergistic research. Place and Duration of Study: California State Routes 4, 18, 74, 247, and U.S. Highway 95 in Arizona, during September 2010, and June and July 2015, over seven data collection days during the summer, and one on the first day of autumn. Methodology: Calculate average driver headlight compliance rates and deviations to a 95% level of confidence. Assume that compliance follows a normal probability distribution pattern. Results: A total of 758 motor vehicles were observed. Removing the 104 vehicles observed on a “cloudy” highway, 266 of the 654 drivers were using their headlights (40.7% ± 3.6% compliance). There was no difference between the proportions of compliant drivers on the six highways (95% level of confidence). A total of 66 of 104 drivers used their headlights under cloudy conditions (63.5% ± 9.6% compliance). A Facebook survey of 24 respondents found that 20% of drivers were unaware of daytime headlights zones (DHZs), and an additional 13% were deliberately noncompliant. Interviews of two California Highway Patrol officers revealed that citations for noncompliance were “not popular” (among the officers), and that there was some skepticism as to the effectiveness of the requirement. Conclusions: Further observation is needed under cloudy skies to develop a more precise proportion of compliance. The low compliance suggests that the effectiveness of DHZs cannot be truly assessed. Compliance might be improved with enhanced driver education, as to their existence and purpose, less reluctant enforcement, a revised headlight sign design, and more frequent signing.

Vehicles Routing Arrangement for Prevention and Suppression Patrol: Process Model of Police Stations in Thailand

Coronavirus disease has affected to economic economics and society results in the, resulting in increasing crime problems increasing. Under circumstances with limited patrol officers, the prevention and suppression operations must be analyzed for vehicle routing for prevention and suppression patrols to reduce the patrol distance, time and fuel. This research aims to analyze the vehicle routing arrangement of the prevention and suppression patrol officers and to develop a routing process model of the prevention and suppression patrol management. Quantitative research is applied with Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) the traveling salesman problem (TSP), which is utilized to established the establish prevention and suppression patrol routes. The qualitative Qualitative research is applied with content analysis, which is utilized to develop to the routing process model. The vehicle routes of the prevention and suppression patrol are arranged in the route set. These results are shown show the average of the route, distance and shortest patrol time of the patrol officers, which are cover all risk point patrol. Also, patrols. Additionally, a patrol routing model is presented to arrange the process of prevention and suppression patrol operation. This key process is applied to well manage the prevention and suppression patrol well, and these benefits are to reduce the patrol distance, patrol time and fuel cost. Additionally, this practice has increased the patrol rounds at risk points, resulting in the reduction in crimes and upgrading the good practices in patrol operations.

Evaluation of long-term law enforcement monitoring in a West African protected area

Law enforcement in protected areas is critical for ensuring long-term conservation and achieving conservation objectives. In 2004, patrol-based monitoring of law enforcement was implemented in protected areas in Ghana. Here, we evaluate long-term trends and changes in patrol staff performance, and illegal activities, in the Kogyae Strict Nature Reserve. The assessment was based on ranger patrol-based monitoring data collected during January 2006–August 2017. Along the patrol routes, patrol officers recorded all encounters with illegal activities associated with hunting and capturing or harming of animals. Across all years, staff performance was lowest in 2006 as staff learned the system but increased in 2007 and peaked in 2010, the latter as a result of motivation of the patrol staff. After 2011, staff performance decreased, mainly because of the retirement of some patrol staff and insufficient logistical support for successful patrolling. Snares were the most commonly recorded indicators of illegal activity. Because their use is silent, poachers using snares are less likely to be detected than poachers using other forms of hunting. Long-term assessment of patrol-based monitoring data provides reliable information on illegal activities related to wildlife, to enable stakeholders to design effective measures for biodiversity conservation. Our assessment indicates that patrol staff performance in Kogyae is, at least partly, dependent on governmental or external support and incentives, in particular the provision of equipment and transport facilities.

Supporting social hierarchy is associated with White police officers’ use of force

Three studies translate social dominance theory to policing, testing the relationship between individual officers’ endorsement of social hierarchies and their tendency to use force against residents. This article demonstrates a link between officer psychological factors and force. Because police are empowered to use force to maintain social order, and because White officers hold a dominant racial identity, we hypothesized social dominance orientation (SDO) would relate to force positively for White officers. For Black officers, we hypothesized a weak relationship between SDO and force, if any. To test these predictions, we examined the relationships between SDO and force using negative binomial regression models stratified by officer race. In an eastern city, SDO relates to force incidents positively for White officers and negatively for Black officers. In a southern city, SDO relates to force positively for White officers, and not significantly for Black officers. Stratified by race and rank, a second eastern city shows a marginally significant, positive SDO/force relationship for White patrol officers, and no significant SDO/force relationship for Black patrol officers. Finally, testing our hypotheses on a dataset pooled across these cities revealed a positive SDO/force relationship among White officers, and no significant SDO/force relationship among Black officers. These findings are consistent with our hypotheses and suggest a need to examine the role that maintaining social hierarchies plays in police behaviors. Future research must continue to investigate these relationships, especially with larger samples of non-White officers, and information about officers’ patrol environments.

Misunderstandings, mischaracterizations, and malicious accusations: A reply to Walby’s (2021) SWAT Everywhere?

To develop a more informed understanding of why tactical officers are used in Canada, we interviewed patrol and tactical officers from three Canadian police services (Jenkins et al., 2020). Interviewees indicated that tactical officers tend to be used on calls that go beyond the capabilities of patrol officers, including high-risk calls and calls unfolding in special environments, and that their use results in reduced threat to police and public safety. In response, Walby (2021) has argued that evidence-based policing (EBP) research of the sort we conducted is inherently biased. He also criticized our understanding of existing literature, took aim at our research methodology and conclusions, and questioned our academic integrity by claiming that we were paid by the participating police services to conduct the research. While Walby makes some valid criticisms of our research, his response is riddled with misunderstandings, mischaracterizations, and malicious (unfounded) accusations. After setting the record straight with respect to allegations regarding our nefarious motives to conduct the research, we argue that Walby completely misrepresents EBP research when he argues that it aims to support harmful police practices in exchange for financial support. We then correct numerous instances where Walby either mischaracterizes existing research or misrepresents our views (and those of our interviewees) when it comes to the use of tactical officers. We conclude by calling for more inclusive conversations to take place to address the issue of police militarization. These conversations must include community members, but they must also include the police.

Possibilities of using modern communication technologies in patrol policeman's work

Introduction. Police officer's communicative readiness is made up of their knowledge, skills and abilities as well as their skills in using modern communication technologies. Aim. To substantiate the role of communicative competence and modern communication technologies in the work of patrol police. Results. The author discusses the components of communicative competence and their role in the work of patrol police as well as analyzes the communicative readiness of patrol police officers and the main factors in the development of their professional competence. Conclusions. Using certain state-of-the-art communication techniques, patrol officers can avoid most conflicts and remain stress-resistant in their work.

THE EMPIRICAL RESEARCH ON STRESS COPING STYLES

Problem statement. The article presents the theoretical and empirical research of three stress coping styles: adaptive, relatively adaptive, maladaptive. The special attention is paid to the empirical study on each style components: personal reactions to stress, psychological defence, endurance under aggressive work conditions and threats to life, fast resources recovery after stress, ability to build partnerships, responsibility and determination, a set of adequate reactions to stress. Objective. To carry out an empirical research of police patrol officers’ stress coping styles. Research Methods. The diagnostic base included the following methods: E. Heim’s method examining coping strategies, “Don’t let a person fall” express-diagnostics of A. Smirnova (projective technique), “Assessment of nervous and mental tension” of T. Nemchin, “A person under rain” (projective technique) of A. Romanova and T. Sitko, the inquirer of the social-psychological adaptation of C.Rogers and R.Diamond, “Transactional analysis of communication” of E. Ilyin. Research results. Most respondents with adaptive style of stress overcoming in extreme conditions apply successful coping strategies (66%), they quickly recover lost resources, are prone to partner communication, responsible, show leadership qualities, find a way out of situations and are able to lead others, feel protected in a stressful situation, are able to perform duties under aggressive working conditions, rarely get into critical situations because they always carefully calculate all possible variants of events and try to foresee everything that can happen, in a critical situation they are not confused and can do everything necessary to correct what has happened. Patrol officers with the maladaptive style are unable to work in extreme working conditions, feel unprotected in aggressive conditions, and react to stress naively and timidly.