Stigma Experiences in People with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: An Integrative Review

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a lung disease, often associated with smoking. COPD patients have persistent, including urinary incontinence. Therefore, a research has the general objective of knowing the physiological mechanism of urinary incontinence associated with the pharmacological treatment of COPD. As a methodological process, this study is an integrative review that included randomized clinical trials, quasi-experimental intervention studies, cohort and case-control. The selection of studies was carried out in the databases PubMed, SciELO, Science Direct and BVS (Virtual Health Library), published between 2010 and July 2020, in Portuguese and English. Pharmacological classes SABA, LABA, SAMA, LAMA, ICS and iPDE4 were considered to investigate adverse effects and check for the presence of urinary symptoms caused by these drugs. In the results and discussion, 113 articles were identified with the investigated descriptors. After the article selection process, 14 studies resulted: PubMED (13); and Science Direct (1). The pharmacological class related to urinary incontinence identified in this study was that of anticholinergics / antimuscarinics. From this perspective, it can be considered that Urinary Incontinence has a low relationship with the adverse effects of drugs for the treatment of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). However, as urinary incontinence is not considered a life-threatening problem, it is possible that it has not been included among the adverse events to be explored.

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Oral and Oropharyngeal Sensory Function in Adults With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology ◽

10.1044/2019_ajslp-19-00095 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 29 (2) ◽

pp. 864-872

Author(s):

Fernanda Borowsky da Rosa ◽

Adriane Schmidt Pasqualoto ◽

Catriona M. Steele ◽

Renata Mancopes

Keyword(s):

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽

Oral Cavity ◽

Pulmonary Disease ◽

Thermal Sensation ◽

Sensory Function ◽

Control Group ◽

Chronic Obstructive ◽

Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽

Age Related ◽

Copd Patients

Introduction The oral cavity and pharynx have a rich sensory system composed of specialized receptors. The integrity of oropharyngeal sensation is thought to be fundamental for safe and efficient swallowing. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients are at risk for oropharyngeal sensory impairment due to frequent use of inhaled medications and comorbidities including gastroesophageal reflux disease. Objective This study aimed to describe and compare oral and oropharyngeal sensory function measured using noninstrumental clinical methods in adults with COPD and healthy controls. Method Participants included 27 adults (18 men, nine women) with a diagnosis of COPD and a mean age of 66.56 years ( SD = 8.68). The control group comprised 11 healthy adults (five men, six women) with a mean age of 60.09 years ( SD = 11.57). Spirometry measures confirmed reduced functional expiratory volumes (% predicted) in the COPD patients compared to the control participants. All participants completed a case history interview and underwent clinical evaluation of oral and oropharyngeal sensation by a speech-language pathologist. The sensory evaluation explored the detection of tactile and temperature stimuli delivered by cotton swab to six locations in the oral cavity and two in the oropharynx as well as identification of the taste of stimuli administered in 5-ml boluses to the mouth. Analyses explored the frequencies of accurate responses regarding stimulus location, temperature and taste between groups, and between age groups (“≤ 65 years” and “> 65 years”) within the COPD cohort. Results We found significantly higher frequencies of reported use of inhaled medications ( p < .001) and xerostomia ( p = .003) in the COPD cohort. Oral cavity thermal sensation ( p = .009) was reduced in the COPD participants, and a significant age-related decline in gustatory sensation was found in the COPD group ( p = .018). Conclusion This study found that most of the measures of oral and oropharyngeal sensation remained intact in the COPD group. Oral thermal sensation was impaired in individuals with COPD, and reduced gustatory sensation was observed in the older COPD participants. Possible links between these results and the use of inhaled medication by individuals with COPD are discussed.

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