Effect of the Test and Treat Strategy on Mortality Among HIV-Positive Adult Clients on Antiretroviral Treatment in Public Hospitals of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Depression is most frequently and highly occurring common mental disorder in HIV/AIDS patients especially youth living with HIV/AIDS. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of depressive symptoms among youth living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) attending Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) follow-up at public hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.Objective. To assess the prevalence and associated factors of depressive symptoms among youth living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) attending Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) follow-up at public hospitals Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2016.Method. In a cross sectional study, 507 HIV-positive young people from public health hospitals were recruited by systematic random sampling technique. Beck Depression Inventory-II was used to assess depressive symptoms. Morisky medication adherence rating scale, social support rating scale, and HIV stigma scale were the instruments used to assess the associated factors.Results. Prevalence of depressive symptoms among HIV-positive youth was 35.5% (95% CI:31.3, 39.6). In multivariate analysis, age range between 20 and 24 years with (AOR=2.22, 95% CI: 1.33,3.62), history of opportunistic infection (AOR=1.94, 95% CI:1.15,3.27), poor medication adherence (AOR=1.73, 95%CI:1.13,2.64, low social support (AOR=2.74, 95%CI:1.13,2.64), moderate social support (AOR=1.75 95% CI: 1.03,2.98), and stigma (AOR=2.06, 95% CI: 1.35,3.14) were associated with depressive symptoms. The results suggest that prevalence of depressive symptoms among HIV-positive youth was high. Prevention of opportunistic infection, stigma, and counseling for good medication adherence are necessary among HIV-positive youth.

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Magnitude of antiretroviral treatment failure and associated factors among adult HIV-positive patients in Harar public hospitals, Eastern Ethiopia

SAGE Open Medicine ◽

10.1177/2050312120906076 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. 205031212090607

Author(s):

Rahel Feleke ◽

Biftu Geda ◽

Kedir Teji Roba ◽

Fitsum Weldegebreal

Keyword(s):

Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Treatment Failure ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Antiretroviral Treatment ◽

Public Hospitals ◽

World Health ◽

Hiv Positive ◽

Therapy Failure ◽

Eastern Ethiopia ◽

Antiretroviral Treatment Failure

Background: Antiretroviral treatment failure occurred when the antiretroviral regimen is unable to control HIV infection. There is no information on antiretroviral therapy failure in this study area. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the magnitude and associated factors of antiretroviral therapy failure among HIV-positive adult patients in Harar public hospitals from January to February 2018. Methods: An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted using chart review data from February 2005 to July 2017. Systematic sampling technique was used to include a sample of 1094 patient charts. Data were analyzed by Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20.0. Statistical significance was considered at p < 0.05. Results: The prevalence of first-line antiretroviral treatment failure was 21% (95% confidence interval = 18.3–23.5). Being male in sex, age of 45–54 years, patients with World Health Organization stages 3 and 4 during antiretroviral therapy initiation, a baseline CD4 count <100 cells/mm3, poor drug adherence, and on antiretroviral therapy follow-up for ⩾25 months were predictors of antiretroviral treatment failure. Conclusion: In this study, the rate of antiretroviral treatment failure is relatively high. Therefore, the concerned body should pay attention to the predictors to reduce the risk of treatment failure among this study group.

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Adding Education to “Test and Treat”: Can We Overcome Drug Resistance?

Journal of Applied Mathematics ◽

10.1155/2015/781270 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-19 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mo’tassem Al-arydah ◽

Robert Smith

Keyword(s):

Drug Resistance ◽

Mathematical Modelling ◽

Antiretroviral Treatment ◽

Rapid Test ◽

Hiv Positive ◽

Test And Treat ◽

Antiretroviral Drug Resistance ◽

Hiv Epidemic ◽

Antiretroviral Drug ◽

Behaviour Changes

Recent mathematical modelling has advocated for rapid “test-and-treat” programs for HIV in the developing world, where HIV-positive individuals are identified and immediately begin a course of antiretroviral treatment, regardless of the length of time they have been infected. However, the foundations of this modelling ignored the effects of drug resistance on the epidemic. It also disregarded the heterogeneity of behaviour changes that may occur, as a result of education that some individuals may receive upon testing and treatment. We formulate an HIV/AIDS model to theoretically investigate how testing, educating HIV-positive cases, treatment, and drug resistance affect the HIV epidemic. We consider a variety of circumstances: both when education is included and not included, when testing and treatment are linked or are separate, when education is only partly effective, and when treatment leads to drug resistance. We show that education, if it is properly harnessed, can be a force strong enough to overcome the effects of antiretroviral drug resistance; however, in the absence of education, “test and treat” is likely to make the epidemic worse.

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Risky sexual practice and associated factors among HIV positive adults visiting ART clinics in public hospitals in Addis Ababa city, Ethiopia: a cross sectional study

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-019-6438-5 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Wondimagegne Belay Tadesse ◽

Abebaw Addis Gelagay

Keyword(s):

Associated Factors ◽

Addis Ababa ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Public Hospitals ◽

Hiv Positive ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Sexual Practice ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Risky Sexual Practice ◽

Hiv Positive Adults

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An assessment of the outcomes of prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV services in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Curationis ◽

10.4102/curationis.v39i1.1583 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 39 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Tefera G. Negash ◽

Valerie J. Ehlers

Keyword(s):

Infant Feeding ◽

Antiretroviral Treatment ◽

Addis Ababa ◽

World Health ◽

Hiv Positive ◽

Mother To Child Transmission ◽

Child Transmission ◽

Cd4 Counts ◽

Health Organization ◽

Mother To Child

Background: This article assessed maternal and neonatal outcomes amongst users of prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV services in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.Objectives: The study aimed to assess the health outcomes (antiretroviral prophylaxis versus antiretroviral treatment, CD4 counts, World Health Organization (WHO) stages of illness, other illnesses) of women who had used these services, as well as the HIV status of their babies and the infant feeding method adopted.Methods: A quantitative, cross sectional, retrospective cohort design was used. Document reviews were conducted with a sample of 384 mother-infant pairs (out of a population of 796) who had used PMTCT services.Results: All respondents were using prophylactic antiretrovirals or antiretroviral therapy, but some were on the wrong treatment based on their CD4 counts. The CD4 counts increased four times more for women on antiretroviral treatment than for those on prophylactic antiretrovirals. The WHO’s stages of HIV illness did not improve but deteriorated in some cases, and 52 other illnesses were recorded. Out of the 384 infants, 6.0% (n = 23) were HIV-positive. Most respondents opted for exclusive breast feeding but some used mixed feeding during the first six months of their infants’ lives, despite having received health education related to infant feeding options.Conclusion: The respondents’ improved CD4 counts were inadequate to improve their World Health Organization stages of HIV illness. Some babies received mixed feeding during the first six months of their lives and 6% of the babies were HIV-positive despite their mothers’ utilisation of PMTCT services.Keywords: anti-retroviral therapy (ART), CD4 counts, human immune deficiency virus (HIV), infant feeding counseling and practices, prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT)

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Blessing’s (Life) Story: An Adolescent in Residential Care Living with HIV

SOUTHERN AFRICAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL WORK AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT ◽

10.25159/2415-5829/4700 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 31 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Jenita Chiba ◽

Jeanette Schmid

Keyword(s):

Identity Formation ◽

Residential Care ◽

Antiretroviral Treatment ◽

Service Providers ◽

Life Story ◽

Care Facility ◽

Hiv Positive ◽

Residential Care Facility ◽

Living With Hiv ◽

Specific Construction

The lifespan of perinatally HIV-infected children in South Africa has increased owing to the availability of antiretroviral treatment, allowing growth into adolescence and beyond. There is limited knowledge of the lived realities of adolescents with HIV. This paper, using life story methodology and based on Blessing’s narrative, provides an intersectional, complex view of the experience of one such teenager who is perinatally HIV-positive, was abandoned by his family and is living in a residential care facility. His story powerfully illuminates the specific construction of adolescence in this context, focusing on identity formation and the need for connection. The narrative also points to service providers’ practice when engaged with such youths.

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