Intestinal Parasitosis and its Association with CD4+ T Cell Count and Viral Load among People Living with HIV in Parasite Endemic Settings of Northwest Ethiopia

Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) and Human Herpes Virus 6 (HHV-6) are responsible for severe diseases, particularly in immunocompromised persons. There are poor data on the infection with these opportunistic viruses in Burkina Faso.The purpose of this study is to characterize EBV and HHV-6 subtypes and to assess their impact on CD4 T cell count, HIV-1 viral load and antiretroviral treatment in people living with HIV-1.The study population consisted of 238 HIV-positive patients with information on CD4 count, HIV-1 viral load and HAART. Venous blood samples collected on EDTA tubes were used for EBV and HHV-6 Real Time PCR subtyping.An infection rate of 6.7% (16/238) and 7.1% (17/238) were found respectively for EBV and HHV-6 in the present study. Among EBV infections, similar prevalences were noted for both subtypes (3.9% [9/238] for EBV-1 vs 4.6% [11/238] for EBV-2) with 2.1% (5/238) of co-infection. HHV-6A infection represented 6.3% (15/238) of the study population against 5.0% (12/238) for HHV-6B. . EBV-2 infection was significantly higher in patients with CD4 count ≥ 500 compared to those with CD4 count less than 500 cells (1.65% vs 8.56%, p = 0,011). The prevalence of EBV and HHV-6 infections were almost similar in HAART-naive and HAART-experienced patients.The present study provides information on the prevalence of EBV and HHV-6 subtypes in people living with HIV-1 in Burkina Faso. The study also suggests that HAART treatment has no effect on infection with these opportunistic viruses in people living with HIV-1.

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Effect of Social Support on Quality of Life, CD4+ T-cell Count and Viral Load of People Living With HIV/AIDS

International Archives of Medicine ◽

10.3823/2082 ◽

2016 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Gilmara Holanda Cunha ◽

Marli Teresinha Gimeniz Galvão ◽

Maria Luciana Teles Fiuza ◽

Maria Amanda Correia Lima ◽

Samyla Citó Pedrosa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Social Support ◽

Viral Load ◽

T Cell ◽

Cell Count ◽

Cd4 T Cell ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Living With Hiv ◽

Cd4 T Cell Count

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CD4+ T Cell Count, Sleep, Depression, and Anxiety in People Living With HIV: A Growth Curve Mixture Modeling

Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care ◽

10.1097/jnc.0000000000000112 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 31 (5) ◽

pp. 535-543

Author(s):

Yirong Shi ◽

Chongming Yang ◽

Liumei Xu ◽

Yun He ◽

Hui Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

T Cell ◽

Cell Count ◽

Growth Curve ◽

Mixture Modeling ◽

Cd4 T Cell ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Depression And Anxiety ◽

Living With Hiv ◽

Cd4 T Cell Count

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Characteristics of suboptimal immune response after initiating antiretroviral therapy among people living with HIV with a pre-treatment CD4 T cell count <200 cells/mm3 in Thailand

Journal of Virus Eradication ◽

10.1016/j.jve.2020.100005 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 100005

Author(s):

Win Min Han ◽

Sasiwimol Ubolyam ◽

Tanakorn Apornpong ◽

Stephen J. Kerr ◽

Pokrath Hansasuta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

T Cell ◽

Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Cell Count ◽

Cd4 T Cell ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Pre Treatment ◽

Living With Hiv ◽

Cd4 T Cell Count

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Risk of adverse COVID-19 outcomes for people living with HIV: a rapid review and meta-analysis

10.1101/2020.09.22.20199661 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Maya Mellor ◽

Anne Bast ◽

Nicholas Jones ◽

Nia Roberts ◽

Jose Ordonez-Mena ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Viral Load ◽

T Cell ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Cd4 T Cell ◽

Rapid Review ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Hiv Viral Load ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Living With Hiv ◽

Cd4 T Cell Count

Objective: To assess whether people living with HIV (PLWH) are at increased risk of COVID-19 mortality or adverse outcomes, and whether antiretroviral therapy (ART) influences this risk. Design: Rapid review with meta-analysis and narrative synthesis. Methods: We searched databases including Embase, Medline, medRxiv, and Google Scholar up to 26th August 2020 for studies describing COVID-19 outcomes in PLWH and conducted a meta-analysis of higher quality studies. Results: We identified 1,908 studies and included 19 in the review. In a meta-analysis of five studies, PLWH had a higher risk of COVID-19 mortality (hazard ratio (HR) 1.93, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.59-2.34) compared to people without HIV. Risk of death remained elevated for PLWH in a subgroup analysis of hospitalised cohorts (HR 1.54, 95% CI: 1.05-2.24) and studies of PLWH across all settings (HR 2.08, 95%CI: 1.69-2.56). Eight other studies assessed the association between HIV and COVID-19 outcomes, but provided inconclusive, lower-quality evidence due to potential confounding and selection bias. There were insufficient data on the effect of CD4+ T cell count and HIV viral load on COVID-19 outcomes. Eleven studies reported COVID-19 outcomes by ART-regimen. In the two largest studies, tenofovir-disoproxil-fumarate (TDF)-based regimens were associated with a lower risk of adverse COVID-19 outcomes, although these analyses are susceptible to confounding by comorbidities. Conclusion: Evidence is emerging that suggests a moderately increased risk of COVID-19 mortality amongst PLWH. Further investigation into the relationship between COVID-19 outcomes and CD4+ T cell count, HIV viral load, ART and the use of TDF is warranted.

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Long-term virological effectiveness with darunavir/ritonavir-based salvage therapy in people living with HIV/AIDS from São Paulo, Brazil

International Journal of STD & AIDS ◽

10.1177/0956462420933716 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 31 (10) ◽

pp. 967-975

Author(s):

Ariane Melaré Ramos dos Santos ◽

Amaury Pachione Martins ◽

Denise Juliato ◽

Érique José Farias Peixoto de Miranda ◽

Giselle Ibette Silva Lopez Lopes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

T Cell ◽

Cell Count ◽

Salvage Therapy ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

Poor Adherence ◽

Cd4 T Cell ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Living With Hiv ◽

Cd4 T Cell Count

Even though darunavir/ritonavir (DRV/r) has high potency and a greater genetic barrier, there are few studies on the long-term effectiveness of DRV/r-based salvage therapy in people living with HIV (PLWH) in low and middle-income countries. This retrospective cohort study, from São Paulo, Brazil, included ART-experienced PLWH aged ≥18 years with virological failure (VF) who had started DRV/r plus an optimized background regimen (OBR) between 2008 and 2012. The proportion of patients with viral load (VL) <50 copies/mL, the improved mean CD4+ T cell count and the factors associated with VF during the 144-week follow-up were assessed. The study included 173 patients with the following characteristics [median (interquartile range)]: age 48 (42 -53) years; CD4+ T cell count, 229 (89 -376) cells/mm3; VL, 4.26 (3.70 -4.74) log10; 6 (4 -7) previous regimens; and 100 (38 -156) months of VF. After 144 weeks, 129 (75%) patients had VL< 50 copies/mL and a mean increase in the CD4+ T cell count of 190 cells/mm3. VL>100,000 copies/mL and poor adherence were associated with VF. DRV/r plus an OBR showed high long-term virological suppression and immunological recovery. VL>100,000 copies/mL and poor adherence were associated with VF at 144 weeks.

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Should we perform the serum cryptococcal antigen test in people living with HIV hospitalized due to a community-acquired pneumonia episode?

International Journal of STD & AIDS ◽

10.1177/0956462419847161 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 31 (4) ◽

pp. 345-350

Author(s):

Adriana Paulino Silva ◽

Carolina Toniolo Zenatti ◽

Claudia Figueiredo-Mello ◽

Marinella Della Negra ◽

Anna S Levin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

T Cell ◽

Cell Count ◽

Target Population ◽

Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽

Cd4 T Cell ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Cryptococcal Antigen ◽

Trial Testing ◽

Living With Hiv ◽

Cd4 T Cell Count

Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a common cause of hospitalization among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH), particularly those with severe immunosuppression. Pulmonary disease due to cryptococcosis is uncommonly reported and likely under-diagnosed. There is scarce information about cryptococcal antigen (CrAg) prevalence in PLWH with CAP. The objectives of this study were to identify among PLWH who were hospitalized with CAP: (i) the prevalence of serum CrAg positivity, (ii) the proportion with asymptomatic vs. symptomatic cryptococcosis; and (iii) the prevalence of serum CrAg positivity in CD4+ T-cell count <100 cells/mm3. We performed a sub-analysis of a prospective cohort of hospitalized adults enrolled into a randomized clinical trial testing therapy for CAP. We included 202 participants who had serum CrAg testing performed. We found a 3.5% prevalence of serum CrAg-positivity overall, being higher (5.7%) in CD4+ T-cell count <100 cells/mm3. Overall, asymptomatic and symptomatic cryptococcosis were present in 2.0% and 1.5%, respectively. This study identifies a target population for CrAg testing: PLWH hospitalized with diagnosis of CAP, particularly those with CD4+ T-cell count <100 cells/mm3 where the number needed to test was 18 to detect 1 CrAg-positive person. This approach may facilitate the detection of asymptomatic cryptococcal infection and allow a timely diagnosis of symptomatic cryptococcal disease.

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