An Integrative Pan-Cancer Analysis of the Prognostic and Immunological Role of Casein Kinase 2 Alpha Protein 1 (CSNK2A1) in Human Cancers: AStudy Based on Bioinformatics and Immunohistochemical Analysis

GRINA is an emerging target for cancer therapy. However, the role of GRINA expression and its correlation with cancer patient survival has not been comprehensively studied. Here, we found that mRNA and protein expression of GRINA was upregulated in breast, colon, gastric, and prostate cancers and negatively correlated with patient survival. Also, the upregulation of GRINA expression is associated with hypomethylation of its promoter region. Our GRINA-miRNAs network analysis revealed potential regulatory miRNAs regulating the GRINA expression and its downstream pathways. Next, functional enrichment and pathway analysis of genes commonly co-express with GRINA in breast, colon, gastric, and prostate cancers revealed GRINA regulatory pathways. Concurrently, our upstream regulator analysis revealed possible kinases, transcription factors, and proteins that may potentially regulate GRINA . Overall, this study demonstrates the prognostic significance of GRINA expression and identifies potential regulatory mechanisms, which might have significant implications in targeted therapies for human cancers.

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Role of Casein Kinase 2 (CK2) for the Progression of Cell Cycle and Growth Control

Journal of The Society of Japanese Women Scientists ◽

10.5939/sjws.08002 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 8-12

Author(s):

Miwako Kato Homma

Keyword(s):

Cell Cycle ◽

Growth Control ◽

Casein Kinase ◽

Casein Kinase 2

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Biochemical and Genetic Analyses of the Role of Yeast Casein Kinase 2 in Salt Tolerance

Journal of Bacteriology ◽

10.1128/jb.181.20.6456-6462.1999 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 181 (20) ◽

pp. 6456-6462 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Eulàlia de Nadal ◽

Fernando Calero ◽

José Ramos ◽

Joaquín Ariño

Keyword(s):

Casein Kinase ◽

Salt Sensitivity ◽

Casein Kinase 2 ◽

Regulatory Subunit ◽

Wild Type ◽

Sodium Efflux ◽

Regulatory Pathways ◽

Essentially Normal ◽

Intracellular Content

ABSTRACT Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells lacking the regulatory subunit of casein kinase 2 (CK-2), encoded by the geneCKB1, display a phenotype of hypersensitivity to Na+ and Li+ cations. The sensitivity of a strain lacking ckb1 is higher than that of a calcineurin mutant and similar to that of a strain lacking HAL3, the regulatory subunit of the Ppz1 protein phosphatase. Genetic analysis indicated that Ckb1 participates in regulatory pathways different from that of Ppz1 or calcineurin. Deletion of CKB1 increased the salt sensitivity of a strain lacking Ena1 ATPase, the major determinant for sodium efflux, suggesting that the function of the kinase is not mediated by Ena1. Consistently, ckb1 mutants did not show an altered cation efflux. The function of Ckb1 was independent of theTRK system, which is responsible for discrimination of potassium and sodium entry, and in the absence of the kinase regulatory subunit, the influx of sodium was essentially normal. Therefore, the salt sensitivity of a ckb1 mutant cannot be attributed to defects in the fluxes of sodium. In fact, in these cells, both the intracellular content and the cytoplasm/vacuole ratio for sodium were similar to those features of wild-type cells. The possible causes for the salt sensitivity phenotype of casein kinase mutants are discussed in the light of these findings.

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