Differential Expression of Long Non-Coding RNAs and Their Role in Rodent Neuropathic Pain Models

Differential expression of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) during differentiation and their misregulation in cancer highlight their potential as cell fate regulators. While some example lncRNAs have been characterized in great detail, the functional in vivo relevance of others has been called into question. Finding functional lncRNAs will most probably require a combination of complementary approaches that will greatly vary depending on their mode of action. In this review, we discuss the different tools available to dissect genetically lncRNA requirements and how each is best suited to studies in particular contexts. Moreover, we review different strategies used to select candidate lncRNAs and give an overview of lncRNAs described to regulate development and cancer through different mechanisms.

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Differential expression of H19, BC1, MIAT1, and MALAT1 long non-coding RNAs within key brain reward regions after repeated morphine treatment

Behavioural Brain Research ◽

10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113478 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 113478

Author(s):

Shamseddin Ahmadi ◽

Mohammad Zobeiri ◽

Shiva Mohammadi Talvar ◽

Kayvan Masoudi ◽

Amir Khanizad ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Differential Expression ◽

Morphine Treatment ◽

Non Coding Rnas ◽

Brain Reward

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Differential expression profiles of long non‑coding RNAs during the mouse pronuclear stage under normal gravity and simulated microgravity

Molecular Medicine Reports ◽

10.3892/mmr.2018.9675 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Meiying Feng ◽

Nannan Dang ◽

Yinshan Bai ◽

Hengxi Wei ◽

Li Meng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Differential Expression ◽

Simulated Microgravity ◽

Normal Gravity ◽

Expression Profiles ◽

Non Coding Rnas

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Additive Antinociceptive Effects of the Selective Nav1.8 Blocker A-803467 and Selective TRPV1 Antagonists in Rat Inflammatory and Neuropathic Pain Models

Journal of Pain ◽

10.1016/j.jpain.2008.09.007 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 306-315 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

S.K. Joshi ◽

Prisca Honore ◽

Gricelda Hernandez ◽

Robert Schmidt ◽

Arthur Gomtsyan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Neuropathic Pain ◽

Pain Models ◽

Antinociceptive Effects

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Differential expression of long non-coding RNAs are related to proliferation and histological diversity in follicular lymphomas

British Journal of Haematology ◽

10.1111/bjh.15656 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 184 (3) ◽

pp. 373-383 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Alejandro Roisman ◽

Giancarlo Castellano ◽

Alba Navarro ◽

Blanca Gonzalez-Farre ◽

Patricia Pérez-Galan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Differential Expression ◽

Non Coding Rnas ◽

Follicular Lymphomas

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Neuropathic pain models in the development of analgesic drugs

Scandinavian Journal of Pain ◽

10.1016/j.sjpain.2011.06.003 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2 (4) ◽

pp. 172-177 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Per Hartvig Honoré ◽

Anna Basnet ◽

Laila Eljaja ◽

Pernille Kristensen ◽

Lene Munkholm Andersen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Neuropathic Pain ◽

Animal Models ◽

Nerve Injury ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Pharmacological Intervention ◽

Special Focus ◽

Surgical Performance ◽

Neuropathic Pain Syndrome ◽

Pain Models ◽

Rats And Mice

AbstractIntroductionAnimal disease models are predictive for signs seen in disease. They may rarely mimic all signs in a specific disease in humans with respect to etiology, cause or development. Several models have been developed for different pain states and the alteration of behavior has been interpreted as a response to external stimulus or expression of pain or discomfort. Considerable attention must be paid not to interpret other effects such as somnolence or motor impairment as a pain response and similarly not to misinterpret the response of analgesics.Neuropathic pain is caused by injury or disease of the somatosensory system. The clinical manifestations of neuropathic pain vary including both stimulus-evoked and non-stimulus evoked (spontaneous) symptoms. By pharmacological intervention, the threshold for allodynia and hyperalgesia in the various pain modalities can be modulated and measured in animals and humans. Animal models have been found most valuable in studies on neuropathic pain and its treatment.Aim of the studyWith these interpretation problems in mind, the present text aims to describe the most frequently used animal models of neuropathic pain induced by mechanical nerve injury.MethodsThe technical surgical performance of these models is described as well as pain behavior based on the authors own experience and from a literature survey.ResultsNerve injury in the hind limb of rats and mice is frequently used in neuropathic pain models and the different types of lesion may afford difference in the spread and quality of the pain provoked. The most frequently used models are presented, with special focus on the spared nerve injury (SNI) and the spinal nerve ligation/transection (SNL/SNT) models, which are extensively used and validated in rats and mice. Measures of mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity with von Frey filaments and Hargreaves test, respectively, are described and shown in figures.ConclusionsA number of animal models have been developed and described for neuropathic pain showing predictive value in parallel for both humans and animals. On the other hand, there are still large knowledge gaps in the pathophysiologic mechanisms for the development, maintenance and progression of the neuropathic pain syndromeImplicationsBetter understanding of pathogenic mechanisms of neuropathic pain in animal models may support the search for new treatment paradigms in patients with complex neuropathic pain conditions

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Monoaminergic and Opioidergic Modulation of Brainstem Circuits: New Insights Into the Clinical Challenges of Pain Treatment?

Frontiers in Pain Research ◽

10.3389/fpain.2021.696515 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 ◽

Author(s):

Isaura Tavares ◽

José Tiago Costa-Pereira ◽

Isabel Martins

Keyword(s):

Neuropathic Pain ◽

Pain Control ◽

Pain Treatment ◽

Reticular Nucleus ◽

Serotoninergic System ◽

High Plasticity ◽

Descending Facilitation ◽

Pain Models ◽

Dual Action ◽

Control Circuits

The treatment of neuropathic pain remains a clinical challenge. Analgesic drugs and antidepressants are frequently ineffective, and opioids may induce side effects, including hyperalgesia. Recent results on brainstem pain modulatory circuits may explain those clinical challenges. The dual action of noradrenergic (NA) modulation was demonstrated in animal models of neuropathic pain. Besides the well-established antinociception due to spinal effects, the NA system may induce pronociception by directly acting on brainstem pain modulatory circuits, namely, at the locus coeruleus (LC) and medullary dorsal reticular nucleus (DRt). The serotoninergic system also has a dual action depending on the targeted spinal receptor, with an exacerbated activity of the excitatory 5-hydroxytryptamine 3 (5-HT3) receptors in neuropathic pain models. Opioids are involved in the modulation of descending modulatory circuits. During neuropathic pain, the opioidergic modulation of brainstem pain control areas is altered, with the release of enhanced local opioids along with reduced expression and desensitization of μ-opioid receptors (MOR). In the DRt, the installation of neuropathic pain increases the levels of enkephalins (ENKs) and induces desensitization of MOR, which may enhance descending facilitation (DF) from the DRt and impact the efficacy of exogenous opioids. On the whole, the data discussed in this review indicate the high plasticity of brainstem pain control circuits involving monoaminergic and opioidergic control. The data from studies of these neurochemical systems in neuropathic models indicate the importance of designing drugs that target multiple neurochemical systems, namely, maximizing the antinociceptive effects of antidepressants that inhibit the reuptake of serotonin and noradrenaline and preventing desensitization and tolerance of MOR at the brainstem.

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Exosomal microRNAs are novel circulating biomarkers in cigarette, waterpipe smokers, E-cigarette users and dual smokers

BMC Medical Genomics ◽

10.1186/s12920-020-00748-3 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Kameshwar P. Singh ◽

Krishna P. Maremanda ◽

Dongmei Li ◽

Irfan Rahman

Keyword(s):

Differential Expression ◽

Tobacco Smoking ◽

Dna Analysis ◽

Electronic Cigarettes ◽

Differential Expression Analysis ◽

High Sensitivity ◽

Gene Set Enrichment Analysis ◽

Differentially Expressed ◽

Cigarette Smokers ◽

Non Coding Rnas

Abstract Background Electronic cigarettes (e-cigs) vaping, cigarette smoke, and waterpipe tobacco smoking are associated with various cardiopulmonary diseases. microRNAs are present in higher concentration in exosomes that play an important role in various physiological and pathological functions. We hypothesized that the non-coding RNAs transcript may serve as susceptibility to disease biomarkers by smoking and vaping. Methods Plasma exosomes/EVs from cigarette smokers, waterpipe smokers and dual smokers (cigarette and waterpipe) were characterized for their size, morphology and TEM, Nanosight and immunoblot analysis. Exosomal RNA was used for small RNA library preparation and the library was quantified using the High Sensitivity DNA Analysis on the Agilent 2100 Bioanalyzer system and sequenced using the Illumina NextSeq 500 and were converted to fastq format for mapping genes. Results Enrichment of various non-coding RNAs that include microRNAs, tRNAs, piRNAs, snoRNAs, snRNAs, Mt-tRNAs, and other biotypes are shown in exosomes. A comprehensive differential expression analysis of miRNAs, tRNAs and piRNAs showed significant changes across different pairwise comparisons. The seven microRNAs that were common and differentially expressed of when all the smoking and vaping groups were compared with non-smokers (NS) are hsa-let-7a-5p, hsa-miR-21-5p, hsa-miR-29b-3p, hsa-let-7f-5p, hsa-miR-143-3p, hsa-miR-30a-5p and hsa-let-7i-5p. The e-cig vs. NS group has differentially expressed 5 microRNAs (hsa-miR-224-5p, hsa-miR-193b-3p, hsa-miR-30e-5p, hsa-miR-423-3p, hsa-miR-365a-3p, and hsa-miR-365b-3p), which are not expressed in other three groups. Gene set enrichment analysis of microRNAs showed significant changes in the top six enriched functions that consisted of biological pathway, biological process, molecular function, cellular component, site of expression and transcription factor in all the groups. Further, the pairwise comparison of tRNAs and piRNA in all these groups revealed significant changes in their expressions. Conclusions Plasma exosomes of cigarette smokers, waterpipe smokers, e-cig users and dual smokers have common differential expression of microRNAs which may serve to distinguish smoking and vaping subjects from NS. Among them has-let-7a-5p has high sensitivity and specificity to distinguish NS with the rest of the users, using ROC curve analysis. These findings will pave the way for the utilizing the potential of exosomes/miRNAs as a novel theranostic agents in lung injury and disease caused by tobacco smoking and vaping.

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