Ethnic Diversity of DPD Activity and the DPYD Gene: Review of the Literature

Fluoropyrimidines (FP) are mainly metabolised by dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), encoded by the DPYD gene. FP pharmacogenetics, including four DPYD polymorphisms (DPYD-PGx), is recommended to tailor the FP-based chemotherapy. These polymorphisms increase the risk of severe toxicity; thus, the DPYD-PGx should be performed prior to starting FP. Other factors influence FP safety, therefore phenotyping methods, such as the measurement of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) clearance and DPD activity, could complement the DPYD-PGx. We describe a case series of patients in whom we performed DPYD-PGx (by real-time PCR), 5-FU clearance and a dihydrouracil/uracil ratio (as the phenotyping analysis) and a continuous clinical monitoring. Patients who had already experienced severe toxicity were then identified as carriers of DPYD variants. The plasmatic dihydrouracil/uracil ratio (by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)) ranged between 1.77 and 7.38. 5-FU clearance (by ultra-HPLC with tandem mass spectrometry) was measured in 3/11 patients. In one of them, it reduced after the 5-FU dosage was halved; in the other case, it remained high despite a drastic dosage reduction. Moreover, we performed a systematic review on genotyping/phenotyping combinations used as predictive factors of FP safety. Measuring the plasmatic 5-FU clearance and/or dihydrouracil/uracil (UH2/U) ratio could improve the predictive potential of DPYD-PGx. The upfront DPYD-PGx combined with clinical monitoring and feasible phenotyping method is essential to optimising FP-based chemotherapy.

Download Full-text

Fluoropyrimidine-Induced Severe Toxicities Associated with Rare DPYD Polymorphisms: Case Series from Saudi Arabia and a Review of the Literature

Clinics and Practice ◽

10.3390/clinpract11030062 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 467-471

Author(s):

Nedal Bukhari ◽

Abdulraheem Alshangiti ◽

Emad Tashkandi ◽

Mohammed Algarni ◽

Humaid O. Al-Shamsi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Saudi Arabia ◽

Standard Dose ◽

Dihydropyrimidine Dehydrogenase ◽

Case Series ◽

Gene Sequencing ◽

Review Of The Literature ◽

Dpyd Gene ◽

First Case ◽

Arabian Population

Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) is the major enzyme in the catabolism of 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) and its prodrug capecitabine. We report cases from our institute with colorectal cancer who experienced severe toxicities to standard dose 5-FU based chemotherapy. DPYD gene sequencing revealed rare different polymorphisms that prompted dose adjustments of administered 5-FU and capecitabine. To our knowledge, this is the first case series looking at DPYD polymorphisms in the Saudi Arabian population.

Download Full-text

Why We Should Care About Diversity in Kinesiology

Kinesiology Review ◽

10.1123/krj.2.3.145 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 145-155 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Dana D. Brooks ◽

Louis Harrison ◽

Michael Norris ◽

Dawn Norwood

Keyword(s):

Public Schools ◽

Population Growth ◽

Ethnic Diversity ◽

Minority Populations ◽

American Population ◽

Review Of The Literature ◽

Diversity And Inclusion ◽

Scholarly Publications ◽

Diverse Learning ◽

Ethnic Minority Populations

The primary purpose of this article is to engage in a dialogue regarding why faculty, students, and administrators should care about diversity and inclusion in kinesiology. Recent American population growth trends data clearly reveals an increase in ethnic minority populations, particularly Hispanics. American public schools and colleges are experiencing greater ethnic diversity, leading to increased diversity within our classrooms. A review of the literature quickly reveals a lack of clarity in defining the termsdiversityandinclusion.Throughout the article we define these terms and at the same time identify barriers (on and off campus) to promoting and ensuring a diverse learning environment. Strong arguments are presented supporting the value of diversity within the academy, especially in kinesiology. The value of diversity in kinesiology is refected in scholarly publications, conference programming, awards recognition activities, and in the recruitment and retention of a diverse faculty and student population.

Download Full-text

Ethnic Diversity and Attitudes Towards Redistribution: A Review of the Literature

SSRN Electronic Journal ◽

10.2139/ssrn.1434847 ◽

2009 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Holger Stichnoth ◽

Karine Van der Straeten

Keyword(s):

Ethnic Diversity ◽

Review Of The Literature

Download Full-text

Faculty evaluation: review of the literature most pertinent to dental education

Journal of Dental Education ◽

10.1002/j.0022-0337.1977.41.6.tb01095.x ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 41 (6) ◽

pp. 290-300

Author(s):

DW Chambers

Keyword(s):

Dental Education ◽

Faculty Evaluation ◽

Review Of The Literature

Download Full-text

Telepractice for Adult Speech-Language Pathology Services: A Systematic Review

Perspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups ◽

10.1044/2019_persp-19-00146 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 326-338 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Kristen Weidner ◽

Joneen Lowman

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Primary Progressive Aphasia ◽

Future Research ◽

Service Delivery Model ◽

Speech Language Pathology ◽

Review Of The Literature ◽

Research Designs ◽

Assessment And Treatment ◽

Language Pathology ◽

Screening Assessment

Purpose We conducted a systematic review of the literature regarding adult telepractice services (screening, assessment, and treatment) from approximately 2014 to 2019. Method Thirty-one relevant studies were identified from a literature search, assessed for quality, and reported. Results Included studies illustrated feasibility, efficacy, diagnostic accuracy, and noninferiority of various speech-language pathology services across adult populations, including chronic aphasia, Parkinson's disease, dysphagia, and primary progressive aphasia. Technical aspects of the equipment and software used to deliver services were discussed. Some general themes were noted as areas for future research. Conclusion Overall, results of the review continue to support the use of telepractice as an appropriate service delivery model in speech-language pathology for adults. Strong research designs, including experimental control, across multiple well-described settings are still needed to definitively determine effectiveness of telepractice services.

Download Full-text