Gender Distribution of Scholarship and Measures of National Recognition in Hospital Medicine

OBJECTIVE: Our specific aim was to assess the gender distribution of aspects of scholarly productivity and professional standing for pediatric hospital medicine over a 5-year period. We also evaluated for correlation between the makeup of editorial boards, conference planning committees, and chosen content. METHODS: We reviewed scholarly publications, presentations, editorial boards, planning committees, awardees, and society leadership in pediatric hospital medicine from 2015 to 2019 and determined gender using published methods to assess for differences between observed proportions of women authors and presenters and the proportion of women in the field. RESULTS: The field of pediatric hospital medicine at large is 69% women (95% confidence internal [CI] 68%–71%), and an estimated 57% of senior members are women (95% CI 54%–60%). We evaluated 570 original science manuscripts and found 67% (95% CI 63%–71%) women first authors and 49% (95% CI 44%–53%) women senior authors. We evaluated 1093 presentations at national conferences and found 69% (95% CI 65%–72%) women presenters of submitted content and 44% (95% CI 37%–51%) women presenters of invited content. Senior authorship and invited speaking engagements demonstrated disproportionately low representation of women when compared with senior members of the field (senior authorship, P = .002; invited presenters, P < .001). Strong positive correlation between gender composition of conference planning committees and selected content was also noted (r = 0.94). CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrated representative gender distribution for some aspects of scholarly productivity in pediatric hospital medicine; however, a lack of gender parity exists in senior roles.

Beyond Victims and Villains: Young People's Acts of Citizenship during Covid-19

During the Covid-19 crisis, stereotypical images of young people as selfish troublemakers or passive victims appeared in the media and scholarly publications. These persistent views disregard many young people's authentic experiences and civic contributions. In this article, we challenge these perceptions by highlighting young people's acts of citizenship during the pandemic lockdowns that took place during 2020 in Aotearoa New Zealand. Despite being internationally praised for its compliant Covid-19 response, citizens were prepared to challenges the pandemic restrictions in order to have their voices heard. Young people were often at the forefront of these protests, wanting to actively participate in matters that concerned them by joining Black Lives Matter marches or campaigning to lower the voting age. At the same time, young people engaged in more personal and invisible acts of citizenship within their families and school communities. In this article, we share evidence from our empirical study into young people's social and political engagement during the Covid-19 lockdowns in Aotearoa New Zealand. Implications of this study for citizenship education are discussed.

The United States - China Rivalry and the BRI

The article describes the United States - China rivalry and Chinas Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) through a fine-grained review of primary materials such as major US policy documents and speeches by and media interviews with key American foreign policy decisionmakers, as well as the selective use of secondary materials such as think tank studies and articles in scholarly publications. It shows that the BRI has fueled the bilateral rivalry since its birth in 2013 and that the rivalry, in turn, has affected US views about the BRI. Under President Barack Obama, the US took a muted stance towards the BRI, expressing modestly cooperative sentiments regarding it. In contrast, under President Donald Trump, Washingtons posture towards the BRI dramatically changed with his administration frequently denigrating the BRI, raising it in major security and foreign policy documents, initiating competing development schemes such as the BUILD Act, and building closer cooperation with allies against Chinas venture. Despite its angst about the BRI, however, the Trump administration never launched any large-scale countermeasures. This article contributes to clarifying the situation by correcting some factual errors in past analyses and updating the general understanding about the Trump administrations response. It systematically contemplates how internal and external economic, political, and ideational factors affected the Obama and Trump administrations responses to the BRI, demonstrating that such factors shaped or shifted US policy or bounded its form and intensity. These factors, being similar to those stressed by neoclassical realists who emphasize the role of leaders as interpreters within limits of the external environment and responders to it subject to various domestic constraints, provide a foundation which is used to speculate about the USs probable response to the BRI under President Joseph Biden, Jr.

Scientometric Overview of Coffee By-Products and Their Applications

As coffee consumption is on the rise, and the global coffee production creates an excess of 23 million tons of waste per year, a revolutionary transition towards a circular economy via the transformation and valorization of the main by-products from its cultivation and preparation (Coffee Husk (CH), Coffee Pulp (CP), Coffee Silverskin (CS), and Spent Coffee Grounds (SCG)) is inspiring researchers around the world. The recent growth of scholarly publications in the field and the emerging applications of coffee by-products published in these scientific papers encourages a systematic review to identify the knowledge structure, research hotspots, and to discuss the challenges and future directions. This paper displays a comprehensive scientometric analysis based on 108 articles with a high level of influence in the field of coffee by-products and their applications. According to our analysis, the research in this field shows an explosive growth since 2017, clustered in five core applications: bioactive compounds, microbial transformation, environmental applications, biofuels from thermochemical processes, and construction materials.

Social Engineering Attacks on Facebook – A Case Study

Background/Purpose: Facebook is an American business that offer online social networking services. Facebook was founded in 2004 by Harvard University freshmen Mark Zuckerberg, Eduardo Saverin, Dustin Moskovitz, and Chris Hughes. Free access to Facebook enables new users to create profiles, upload photos to existing groups, and start new ones. Every user's profile page has a Timeline area where they can upload material and their social network connections may reply with messages and Status updates informing them of their current location or condition. Additionally, Facebook includes a function called News Feed that notifies users of updates to their friends' profiles and statuses. Users can communicate with one another and exchange private messages using Facebook Messenger. Additionally, Facebook users may express their approval of a type of content by clicking the "Like" button. Every day, more than a billion people use Facebook, making it the most common social network on the planet. Menlo Park, California, is where the company's headquarters are located. Objective: To analyse how Facebook is misused and turned into an attack platform, in order to get sensitive information that can be used to create an attack profile against an individual. Design/Methodology/Approach: SWOT framework is being used to analyse and display information gathered from scholarly publications, web articles, and other sources. Findings/Results: Social Engineering Attacks using Facebook help the attackers to steal sensitive private information from unaware users. Using a false profile is one of the most frequent techniques to execute a large-scale data harvesting attack. Cyber Criminals use Facebook as the main target for social engineering attacks because of its high number of users and popularity. Originality/Value: This paper study gives a brief overview of Social Engineering Attacks on Facebook based on a variety of data collected. Paper Type: Case study-based Research Analysis

Arseny Tarkosvky’s small cycles: The artistic history and principles of text preparation

The article analyses the publication problem of A. Tarkovsky’s so-called ‘small cycles’ — poems sharing a common storyline and theme, which were not, however, published as poetic cycles in Tarkovsky’s lifetime, even though he had planned them as such and leſt respective handwritten collections. According to the critic, Tarkovsky created these poetic compilations irrespective of the actual possibility (or impossibility) of their publication. His entire experience of ‘living in literature,’ long years of failed attempts to publish abook of original poetry, the type of forbidding censorship policy prevailing at the time — everything indicated that one should better give up attempts toget published in the heavily supervised literary sector. Bak concludes that a publisher of Tarkovsky’s works should focus on reconstruction of the corpus that was not meant for censors, as the two compilations of his lyric oeuvre— the one prepared for publication and the other preserved in manuscripts only— exist in a sort of ‘alternative complementation,’ as if in parallel to each other, and should both be considered for preparation of scholarly publications.

The role of Turkey in the Syrian conflict: An analysis of the works of Russian scholars

The article is devoted to the analysis of thematic frames within the Russian scholarly publications on Turkey’s participation in the Syrian conflict. The author highlights the following thematic blocks: the historical nature of Syrian-Turkish relations, the “Kurdish factor” of Turkish policy in the Syrian conflict, Russian-Turkish relations, relations between Turkey and the United States.

Representation of Pragmatism in Scholarly Publications on COVID-19

Pragmatism is an important resource that has helped higher education institutions (HEIs) in Lesotho and South Africa to complete the 2020 academic year even when they were affected by COVID-19. Pragmatism is a philosophy of human actions combined with experiences in order to produce outcomes or consequences, where the reality is about what works according to individual needs based on a specific situation. During the COVID-19 era, pragmatism has been represented by the use of learning management systems (LMSs) and social media sites (SMSs). The representation of pragmatism, based on ten sampled publications of this study was divided into performance- (driven by LMSs) and competence-based (driven by SMSs) curricula. The purpose and objective of this study was to explore and understand the representation of pragmatism in ten scholarly publications purposively sampled for this study on education during the COVID-19 era. Document analysis framed by pragmatic paradigm, critical discourse analysis (CDA), and community of inquiry (CoI), was used to generate data for this study. The findings concluded that pragmatism was the reason for HEIs saving the 2020 academic year: pragmatism harmonised the tension between LMSs and SMSs which existed even before the COVID-19 era. Consequently, this study recommends the application of pragmatism in any uncertainty/novelty situation in education, in order to address individual needs before professional and societal needs.